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Author : George Luzerne III.. Hart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)
Download or read book The Poems of Ancient Tamil written by George Luzerne III.. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George L. Hart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (483 download)
Download or read book The Poems of Ancient Tamil written by George L. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George L. Hart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780195651461
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (514 download)
Download or read book The Poems of Ancient Tamil written by George L. Hart and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a study of the earliest poems (written between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD) in the Tamil language, and also contains translations of many classic Tamil poems. It is intended for students of Tamil and Sanskrit, and those interested in Indian literature and South Asian culture.
Author : George L. Hart III
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400869404
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Poets of the Tamil Anthologies written by George L. Hart III and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poems of ancient Tamil are one of India's most important contributions to world literature. Presented here in English translation is a selection of roughly three hundred poems from five of the earliest poetic anthologies of classical Tamil literature. These lyrical poems are intimately related to the agricultural society that produced them, and their direct connection with the earth as well as their use of ornament and suggestion give them a quality unlike that of any other poetic tradition. Originally published in 1979. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author : Herman Tieken
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004486097
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Kāvya in South India written by Herman Tieken and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Old Tamil Caṅkam poetry consists of eight anthologies of short poems on love and war, and a treatise on grammar and poetics. The main part of this corpus has generally been dated to the first centuries AD and is believed to be the product of a native Tamil culture. The present study argues that the poems do not describe a contemporary society but a society from the past or one not yet affected by North-Indian Sanskrit culture. Consequently the main argument for the current early dating of Caṅkam poetry is no longer valid. Furthermore, on the basis of a study of the historical setting of the heroic poems and of the role of Tamil as a literary language in the Caṅkam corpus, it is argued that the poetic tradition was developed by the Pāṇṭiyas in the ninth or tenth century. This volume deals with the identification of the various genres of Caṅkam poetry with literary types from the Sanskrit Kāvya tradition. Counterparts have been found exclusively among Prākrit and Apabhraṁśa texts, which indicate that in Caṅkam poetry Tamil has been specifically assigned the role of a Prākrit. As such, the present study reveals the processes and attitudes involved in the development of a vernacular language into a literary idiom.
Author : George L. Hart
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 023151252X
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)
Download or read book The Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom written by George L. Hart and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-21 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two prominent translators present the first complete English-language edition of one of India's greatest works of classical literature: the Purananuru. This anthology of four hundred poems by more than 150 poets between the first and third centuries CE in old Tamil—the literary language of ancient Tamilnadu—was composed before Aryan influence had penetrated the south. It is thus a unique testament to pre-Aryan India. Beyond its importance for understanding the development of South Asia's history, culture, religion, and linguistics, the Purananuru is a great work of literature, reflecting accurately and profoundly the life of southern India 2,000 years ago. One of the few works of classical India that confronts life without the insulation of a philosophical facade and that makes no basic assumptions about karma and the afterlife, the Purananuru has universal appeal. It faces the world as a great and unsolved mystery, delving into living and dying, despair, love, poverty, and the changing nature of existence. To this hidden gem of world literature George L. Hart and Hank Heifetz add a helpful appendix, an annotated bibliography, and an excellent introduction describing the work and placing it in its social and historical context.
Author : George Luzerne Hart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (251 download)
Download or read book The Poems of Ancient Tamil written by George Luzerne Hart and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mu Varatarācan̲
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book The Treatment of Nature in Sangam Literature (ancient Tamil Literature) written by Mu Varatarācan̲ and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lakshmi Holmstrom
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 9351770885
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)
Download or read book Wild Words written by Lakshmi Holmstrom and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'A masterclass of contemporary Tamil poetry' - Namita Gokhale In 2003, a group of men and women, setting themselves up as guardians of Tamil culture, objected publicly to the language of a new generation of women poets - particularly in the work of Malathi Maithri, Salma, Kutti Revathi and Sukirtharani - charging the women with obscenity and immodesty. More than a decade later, a deep divide still persists in the way readers and critics perceive women poets. Tamil women poets have been categorized as 'bad girls' and 'good girls'. The traditional values prescribed for the 'good' Tamil woman are fearfulness, propriety and modesty. Our poets have chosen, instead, the opposite virtues - fearlessness, outspokenness and a ceaseless questioning of prescribed rules. This anthology celebrates the poetry of the four poets through Lakshmi Holmstrom's English translation.
Author : A.M. Dubianski
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004486089
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Ritual and Mythological Sources of the Early Tamil Poetry written by A.M. Dubianski and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the origin of the early Tamil poetical canon, which constitutes a set of specific subjects, images, principles of arrangement of basic poetical themes which are called tiṇai. The author proceeds from the idea of a Russian scholar O. Freidenberg that literary forms ‘originate from anti-literary material rather than their own archetypes’. An outline of mythological concepts, prevalent in ancient Tamil culture, is presented, alongside main mythological figures - Murukaṉ, Māl, Cūr, Koṟṟavai, Vaḷḷi. A controversial notion of aṉanku, especially in its aspect of an inner female energy, is analyzed. In addition, the author explores the panegyric art of the Tamil kings’ singers, describing such singers and performers while discussing the idea of ritual character. The elements of five canonical tiṇai-themes of the akam poetry are examined, where the use of ethnological data suggests that the themes are based on some behaviour patterns which are meant to ensure a reliable control over the female energy. Finally, the text raises the problem of earlier poetic forms that consolidated the tiṇai system.
Author : Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Nature in Ancient Tamil Poetry, Concept and Interpretation written by Xavier S. Thani Nayagam and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. Marudanayagam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Ancient Tamil Poetry and Poetics written by P. Marudanayagam and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-17 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No apology may be required for bringing out a collection of essays examining ancient Tamil poetry and poetics from diverse contemporary perspectives. Now that Tamil has been declared a classical language by the Government of India, it behoves the native scholars of Tamil to convince the world that Tamil deserves the appellation that has elevated it to the level of Greek and Latin which the West has been unanimously cherishing as classical languages for a long time. By 'classic' we mean a literary piece which has achieved a recognized position in literary history for its superior merits. Classical literature may refer to Greek and Roman literature or any literature that exhibits the qualities of classicism. When the word 'Classical' is used to describe the characteristic features of a literary work it implies objectivity in the choice and handling of the theme, simplicity of style, clarity, restraint, order and formal structure. Praiseworthy books, according to Milton, "are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a potency of life in them to be as active as that soul whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve as in a vial, the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them". Great literature deals not merely with some aspects of the human mind but with the total human psyche. In Coleridge's view, its great achievement is to bring about a "whole-souled activity in man" by appealing to the senses, the heart, the intellect and the spirit of the reader. Besides possessing these attributes, Caṅkam writings have been exerting their profound impact on several succeeding generations of Tamil poets. How did the ancient Tamils conceive art? To them, art, especially poetry, is not a simple source of aesthetic delight, but as Tolstoy contends, "one of the conditions of human life", and, more importantly, "a means of union among men joining them together in the same feelings, and indispensable for the life and progress towards the wellbeing of individuals and humanity." The claim of Tamil classics to international recognition and eternal fame is, therefore, based on solid grounds. In consequence of A.K.Ramanujan's English translations of selections from a few Caṅkam anthologies, the response by Western critics in the form of articles and books is much more widespread than ever before. But not all of them can be said to be insightful or even well informed and some of them are not free from howlers. It is again the duty of the insiders to adequately project the Tamil texts, to properly explicate them and to periodically provide the corrective, wherever necessary. We now have a vast variety of ways to interpret a work of literature ranging from traditional approaches like the moralistic and the historical through the formalist, the New Critical, the psychological and the mythic and into such post-structuralist approaches as deconstruction, feminist criticism, New Historicism, Bakhtinian dialogism and cultural studies. Caṅkam writings, being great literature, deserve correspondingly rich responses that are felt and reasoned. Such responses will be extremely fruitful when the critic appreciates these works from as many perspectives as they open themselves to. Matthew Arnold rightly stresses the need to reassess even a writer who has attained the status of a classic. If he is a dubious classic, let us sift him; if he is a false classic, let us explode him. But if he is a real classic, if his work belongs to the class of the very best (for this is the true and right meaning of the word, classic, classical), then the great thing for us is to feel and enjoy his work as deeply as ever we can, and to appreciate the wide difference between it and all work which has not the same high character. This is what is salutary, this is what is formative; this is the great benefit to be got from the study of poetry. P. Marudanayagam
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (21 download)
Download or read book Ancient Tamil Poetry and Poetics written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P Marudanayagam
Publisher : Central Institute of Classical Tamil
ISBN 13 : 9789381744291
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (442 download)
Download or read book Puranānūru written by P Marudanayagam and published by Central Institute of Classical Tamil. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical Tamil poetry dating back at least to the first three centuries of the Christian era is among the finest of world literature. Though there are reasons to believe that ancient Tamil itself had along with poetic tradition and a large body of literature, only a grammatical treatise in verse called the Tolkāppiyam, the Eight Anthologies (Eṭṭuttokai) and the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāṭṭu) have survived the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune. Numerous texts produced by the three academies or Caṅkams might have also stood the test of time but the Tamils, for reasons not clearly known, did not save them from the ravages of time. Tamil poetics, unique in some aspects and distinct from Sanskritpoetics, divide poetry into akam (interior) and puram (exterior). A symbolic key' and a highly developed and complex use of interior landscape are its unique features. Puranānūru also referred to as Puram, Purappāṭṭu, and PurampuNānūru by commentators like Naccinārkkiniyar is an anthology of 400 puram poems written by 156 poets. We know neither the poet who compiled it nor the patron-king who got it compiled. Two poems (267 and 268) have not been accounted for while some lines in 43pieces are missing. Much more than any other anthology of the Caṅkam period, this one has served as a source of the political, social, and economic history of the Tamils, as its poems speak of the three major kings, the numerous minor ones, the chieftains and the philanthropists of the Tamil land and of their glorious deeds. The poems on the royal trinity appear first, the opening eighteen pieces celebrating them in the curious order of a cēran, a pāṇṭiyan and acōlan. These are followed by poems on the rulers of small kingdoms, some prominent leaders like veḷirs and poems on war, grief caused by death, hero-stones, and self-immolation by women. Later such poems are interspersed with ones that teach aram to kings and others that may be brought under the categories of Guide poems for bards of war (pāṇārruppaṭai), Guide poems for Viralis (Viraliārruppaṭai), and linked by tiṇai and turai. Since one of the manuscript versions of Puranānūru had at its beginning the title aranilai, Dr. U.V. Cāminātaiyar feels that the anthology might have been originally divided into three sections called aranilai, poruḷnilai and inpanilai. At the end of every poem, there are inscriptions giving the tiṇaiand turai, the author and the protagonist of the poem, and the context in which it was sung. Naccinārkkiniyar contends that some of the colophons are wrong with regard to their identification of tiṇai and turai. But no such doubts have been raised about the authenticity of the authorship of any poem. An old commentary on the first 266poems is extant though we know nothing about the commentator. From some of his observations, it is evident that there ought to have been an earlier commentary the fate of which is not known.
Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195635010
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (35 download)
Download or read book The Interior Landscape written by and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic anthology of translations has long been out of print. The poems come from one of the earliest surviving texts of Tamil poetry, the Kuruntokai, an anthology of love lyrics probably recorded during the first three centuries AD. Seventy-six of these classical poems have here beengiven a modern language and form. In an effort at fidelity to the effect of the images and their placement in the original, Ramanujan has given a visual shape to the poems by typographic devices. An essay on Tamil poetry explains its techniques and enriches the reader's pleasure in these quiet, controlled, yet dramatic poems.
Author : Xavier S. Thani Nayagam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Landscape and Poetry written by Xavier S. Thani Nayagam and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : K. Kailasapathy
Publisher : Hachette India
ISBN 13 : 935731170X
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (573 download)
Download or read book Tamil Heroic Poetry written by K. Kailasapathy and published by Hachette India. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An elegant and thorough examination of the riches of Sangam poetry In this acclaimed comparative study, K. Kailasapathy, the celebrated Sri Lankan academic and critic, introduces and interprets ancient Tamil poems and examines the stylistic heritage, themes and motifs pervading Sangam poetry while building the literary corpus's bridge to heroic poetry in other languages - most notably Greek. He identifies the formulaic expression, stock phrases and overarching sensibilities pervasive in the poems and, going much against the popular grain, expands on the notion that oral verse-making is central to Sangam poetry. A nod to Milman Parry, this deeply necessary exploration of our neglected past is an engaging and accessible discourse on one of our most fertile literary ages and, with much agility, connects the dots in studying early Tamil poetry for a modern reader.
