The Pfizer Journal

Download The Pfizer Journal PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pfizer Journal by :

Download or read book The Pfizer Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Pfizer Journal

Download The Pfizer Journal PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pfizer Journal by :

Download or read book The Pfizer Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Medical Research for Hire

Download Medical Research for Hire PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Research for Hire by : Jill A. Fisher

Download or read book Medical Research for Hire written by Jill A. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, more than 75 percent of pharmaceutical drug trials in the United States are being conducted in the private sector. Once the sole province of academic researchers, these important studies are now being outsourced to non-academic physicians. According to Jill A. Fisher, this major change in the way medical research is performed is the outcome of two problems in U.S. health care: decreasing revenue for physicians and decreasing access to treatment for patients. As physicians report diminishing income due to restrictive relationships with insurers, increasing malpractice insurance premiums, and inflated overhead costs to operate private practices, they are attracted to pharmaceutical contract research for its lucrative return. Clinical trials also provide limited medical access to individuals who have no or inadequate health insurance because they offer "free" doctors' visits, diagnostic tests, and medications to participants. Focusing on the professional roles of those involved, as well as key research practices, Fisher assesses the risks and advantages for physicians and patients alike when pharmaceutical drug studies are used as an alternative to standard medical care. A volume in the Critical Issues in Health and Medicine series, edited by Rima D. Apple and Janet Golden

Pyrrhic Progress

Download Pyrrhic Progress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 081359149X
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pyrrhic Progress by : Claas Kirchhelle

Download or read book Pyrrhic Progress written by Claas Kirchhelle and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2021 Joan Thirsk Memorial Prize from the British Agricultural History Society​ 2020 Choice​ Outstanding Academic Title​ Winner of the 2020 Turriano Prize from ICOHTEC Short-listed and highly commended for the Antibiotic Guardian Award from Public Health England​ Long-listed for the Michel Déon Prize from the Royal Irish Academy​ Pyrrhic Progress analyses over half a century of antibiotic use, regulation, and resistance in US and British food production. Mass-introduced after 1945, antibiotics helped revolutionize post-war agriculture. Food producers used antibiotics to prevent and treat disease, protect plants, preserve food, and promote animals’ growth. Many soon became dependent on routine antibiotic use to sustain and increase production. The resulting growth of antibiotic infrastructures came at a price. Critics blamed antibiotics for leaving dangerous residues in food, enabling bad animal welfare, and selecting for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, which could no longer be treated with antibiotics. Pyrrhic Progress reconstructs the complicated negotiations that accompanied this process of risk prioritization between consumers, farmers, and regulators on both sides of the Atlantic. Unsurprisingly, solutions differed: while Europeans implemented precautionary antibiotic restrictions to curb AMR, consumer concerns and cost-benefit assessments made US regulators focus on curbing drug residues in food. The result was a growing divergence of antibiotic stewardship and a rise of AMR. Kirchhelle’s comprehensive analysis of evolving non-human antibiotic use and the historical complexities of antibiotic stewardship provides important insights for current debates on the global burden of AMR. This Open Access ebook is available under a CC-BY-NC-ND license, and is supported by a generous grant from Wellcome Trust.

Podocytopathy

Download Podocytopathy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318026514
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Podocytopathy by : Z.-H. Liui

Download or read book Podocytopathy written by Z.-H. Liui and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The podocyte is a key cell that forms the last barrier of the kidney filtration unit. One of the most exciting developments in the field of nephrology in the last decade has been the elucidation of its biology and its role in the pathophysiology of inherited and acquired glomerular disease, termed podocytopathy. In this publication, world-renowned experts summarize the most recent findings and advances in the field: they describe the unique biological features and injury mechanisms of the podocyte, novel techniques used in their study, and diagnosis and potential therapeutic approaches to glomerular diseases. Due to its broad scope, this publication is of great value not only for clinical nephrologists and researchers, but also for students, residents, fellows, and postdocs.

Maternal Immunization

Download Maternal Immunization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128145838
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maternal Immunization by : Elke Leuridan

Download or read book Maternal Immunization written by Elke Leuridan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunization during pregnancy with currently recommended vaccines prevents infection in the mother, the unborn fetus, and the young infant, and there is an increasing focus from different stakeholders to use this approach for other infections of importance to protect these vulnerable groups. The aim of this Maternal Immunization book is to provide a contemporary overview of vaccines used in pregnancy (and the lactation period), with emphasis on aspects of importance for the target groups, namely, rationale for the use of vaccines in pregnancy, safety, immunogenicity (immunology), timing to vaccinate, repeat doses, protective effects in the mother, fetus, and infant, and public acceptance and implementation, of existing and of future vaccines. - Provides an overview of a quickly evolving topic. This will benefit the reader who wishes to rapidly become informed and up-to-date with new developments in this field - Suitable to a broad audience: scientific researchers, obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists, vaccinators, pediatricians, students, and industry. Maternal vaccination impacts a wide range of specialists - Allows health care professionals/researchers to gain insight into other aspects of vaccination in pregnancy outside of their specialism - Is coauthored by specialists from multiple disciplines, providing a diverse view of the subject, increasing its interest and appeal - Creates awareness of the current developments in this area of medicine and of the potential of maternal vaccination to improve the health of mothers and infants worldwide

The Vaccine

Download The Vaccine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1250280370
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Vaccine by : Joe Miller

Download or read book The Vaccine written by Joe Miller and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winners of the Paul Ehrlich Prize The dramatic story of the married scientists who founded BioNTech and developed the first vaccine against COVID-19. Nobody thought it was possible. In mid-January 2020, Ugur Sahin told Özlem Türeci, his wife and decades-long research partner, that a vaccine against what would soon be known as COVID-19 could be developed and safely injected into the arms of millions before the end of the year. His confidence was built upon almost thirty years of research. While working to revolutionize the way that cancerous tumors are treated, the couple had explored a volatile and overlooked molecule called messenger RNA; they believed it could be harnessed to redirect the immune system's forces against any number of diseases. As the founders of BioNTech, they faced widespread skepticism from the scientific community at first; but by the time Sars-Cov-2 was discovered in Wuhan, China, BioNTech was prepared to deploy cutting edge technology and create the world’s first clinically approved inoculation for the coronavirus. The Vaccine draws back the curtain on one of the most important medical breakthroughs of our age; it will reveal how Doctors Sahin and Türeci were able to develop twenty vaccine candidates within weeks, convince Big Pharma to support their ambitious project, navigate political interference from the Trump administration and the European Union, and provide more than three billion doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine to countries around the world in record time. Written by Joe Miller—the Financial Times’ Frankfurt correspondent who covered BioNTech’s COVID-19 project in real time—with contributions from Sahin and Türeci, as well as interviews with more than sixty scientists, politicians, public health officials, and BioNTech staff, the book covers key events throughout the extraordinary year, as well as exploring the scientific, economic, and personal background of each medical innovation. Crafted to be both completely accessible to the average reader and filled with details that will fascinate seasoned microbiologists, The Vaccine explains the science behind the breakthrough, at a time when public confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy is crucial to bringing an end to this pandemic.

A Shot to Save the World

Download A Shot to Save the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0593420403
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (934 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Shot to Save the World by : Gregory Zuckerman

Download or read book A Shot to Save the World written by Gregory Zuckerman and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An inspiring and informative page-turner." –Walter Isaacson Longlisted for the FT/McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award The authoritative account of the race to produce the vaccines that are saving us all, from the #1 New York Times bestselling author of The Man Who Solved the Market Few were ready when a mysterious respiratory illness emerged in Wuhan, China in January 2020. Politicians, government officials, business leaders, and public-health professionals were unprepared for the most devastating pandemic in a century. Many of the world’s biggest drug and vaccine makers were slow to react or couldn’t muster an effective response. It was up to a small group of unlikely and untested scientists and executives to save civilization. A French businessman dismissed by many as a fabulist. A Turkish immigrant with little virus experience. A quirky Midwesterner obsessed with insect cells. A Boston scientist employing questionable techniques. A British scientist despised by his peers. Far from the limelight, each had spent years developing innovative vaccine approaches. Their work was met with skepticism and scorn. By 2020, these individuals had little proof of progress. Yet they and their colleagues wanted to be the ones to stop the virus holding the world hostage. They scrambled to turn their life’s work into life-saving vaccines in a matter of months, each gunning to make the big breakthrough—and to beat each other for the glory that a vaccine guaranteed. A #1 New York Times bestselling author and award-winning Wall Street Journal investigative journalist lauded for his “bravura storytelling” (Gary Shteyngart) and “first-rate” reporting (The New York Times), Zuckerman takes us inside the top-secret laboratories, corporate clashes, and high-stakes government negotiations that led to effective shots. Deeply reported and endlessly gripping, this is a dazzling, blow-by-blow chronicle of the most consequential scientific breakthrough of our time. It’s a story of courage, genius, and heroism. It’s also a tale of heated rivalries, unbridled ambitions, crippling insecurities, and unexpected drama. A Shot to Save the World is the story of how science saved the world.

The Pfizer Papers

Download The Pfizer Papers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1648210384
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (482 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Pfizer Papers by : The WarRoom/DailyClout Pfizer Documents Analysts

Download or read book The Pfizer Papers written by The WarRoom/DailyClout Pfizer Documents Analysts and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pfizer Papers features new reports written by WarRoom/DailyClout research volunteers, which are based on the primary source Pfizer clinical trial documents released under court order and on related medical literature. The book shows in high relief that Pfizer’s mRNA COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial was deeply flawed and that the pharmaceutical company knew by November 2020 that its vaccine was neither safe nor effective. The reports detail vaccine-induced harms throughout the human body, including to the reproductive system; show that women suffer vaccine-related adverse events at a 3:1 ratio; expose that vaccine-induced myocarditis is not rare, mild, or transient; and, shockingly, demonstrate that the mRNA vaccines have created a new category of multi-system, multi-organ disease, which is being called “CoVax Disease.” Despite the fact that Pfizer committed in its own clinical trial protocol to follow the placebo arm of its trial for twenty-four months, Pfizer vaccinated approximately 95 percent of placebo recipients by March 2021, thus eliminating the trial’s control group and making it impossible for comparative safety determinations to be made. Just as importantly, The Pfizer Papers makes it clear that the US Food and Drug Administration knew about the shortfalls of Pfizer’s clinical trial as well as the harms caused by the company’s mRNA COVID vaccine product, thus highlighting the FDA’s abject failure to fulfill its mission to “[protect] the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices.” The Pfizer Papers offers an in-depth look at how Big Pharma, the US government, and healthcare entities stand protected behind the broad legal immunity provided by the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) when creating, prescribing, and administering vaccines; and, under that shield of protection, do what is best for their bottom lines rather than for the health and well-being of Americans.

The Doctor Who Fooled the World

Download The Doctor Who Fooled the World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421438011
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Doctor Who Fooled the World by : Brian Deer

Download or read book The Doctor Who Fooled the World written by Brian Deer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigative reporter Brian Deer exposes a conspiracy of fraud and betrayal behind attacks on a mainstay of medicine: vaccinations. 2021 IPPY Book Award Winner (Gold) in Health/Medicine/Nutrition, Recipient of the Eric Hoffer Award for Nonfiction in the Culture Category. From San Francisco to Shanghai, from Vancouver to Venice, controversy over vaccines is erupting around the globe. Fear is spreading. Banished diseases have returned. And a militant "anti-vax" movement has surfaced to campaign against children's shots. But why? In The Doctor Who Fooled the World, award-winning investigative reporter Brian Deer exposes the truth behind the crisis. Writing with the page-turning tension of a detective story, he unmasks the players and unearths the facts. Where it began. Who was responsible. How they pulled it off. Who paid. At the heart of this dark narrative is the rise of the so-called "father of the anti-vaccine movement": a British-born doctor, Andrew Wakefield. Banned from medicine, thanks to Deer's discoveries, he fled to the United States to pursue his ambitions, and now claims to be winning a "war." In an epic investigation spread across fifteen years, Deer battles medical secrecy and insider cover-ups, smear campaigns and gagging lawsuits, to uncover rigged research and moneymaking schemes, the heartbreaking plight of families struggling with disability, and the scientific scandal of our time.

Storytelling with Data

Download Storytelling with Data PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119002265
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Storytelling with Data by : Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic

Download or read book Storytelling with Data written by Cole Nussbaumer Knaflic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Don't simply show your data—tell a story with it! Storytelling with Data teaches you the fundamentals of data visualization and how to communicate effectively with data. You'll discover the power of storytelling and the way to make data a pivotal point in your story. The lessons in this illuminative text are grounded in theory, but made accessible through numerous real-world examples—ready for immediate application to your next graph or presentation. Storytelling is not an inherent skill, especially when it comes to data visualization, and the tools at our disposal don't make it any easier. This book demonstrates how to go beyond conventional tools to reach the root of your data, and how to use your data to create an engaging, informative, compelling story. Specifically, you'll learn how to: Understand the importance of context and audience Determine the appropriate type of graph for your situation Recognize and eliminate the clutter clouding your information Direct your audience's attention to the most important parts of your data Think like a designer and utilize concepts of design in data visualization Leverage the power of storytelling to help your message resonate with your audience Together, the lessons in this book will help you turn your data into high impact visual stories that stick with your audience. Rid your world of ineffective graphs, one exploding 3D pie chart at a time. There is a story in your data—Storytelling with Data will give you the skills and power to tell it!

The Messenger

Download The Messenger PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 164782320X
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (478 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Messenger by : Peter Loftus

Download or read book The Messenger written by Peter Loftus and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2022-07-26 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inside story of an unprecedented feat of science and business. At the start of 2020, Moderna was a biotech unicorn with dim prospects. Yes, there was the promise of its disruptive innovation that could transform medicine by using something called messenger RNA, one of the body's building blocks of life, to combat disease. But its stock was under water. There were reports of a toxic work culture. And despite ten years of work, the company was still years away from delivering its first product. Investors were getting antsy, or worse, skeptical. Then the pandemic hit, and Moderna, at first reluctantly, became a central player in a global drama—a David to Big Pharma's Goliaths—turning its technology toward breaking the global grip of the terrible disease. By year's end, with the virus raging, Moderna delivered one of the world's first Covid-19 vaccines, with a stunningly high rate of protection. The achievement gave the world a way out of a crippling pandemic while validating Moderna's technology, transforming the company into a global industry power. Biotech, and the venture capital community that fuels it, will never be the same. Wall Street Journal reporter Peter Loftus, veteran reporter covering the pharmaceutical and biotech industries and part of a Pulitzer Prize–finalist team, brings the inside story of Moderna, from its humble start at a casual lunch through its heady startup days, into the heart of the pandemic and beyond. With deep access to all of the major players, Loftus weaves a tale of science and business that brings to life Moderna's monumental feat of creating a vaccine that beat back a deadly virus and changed the business of medicine forever. The Messenger spans a decade and is full of heroic efforts by ordinary people, lucky breaks, and life-and-death decisions. It's the story of a revolutionary idea, the evolution of a cutting-edge American industry, and one of the great achievements of this century.

The Scientific Journal

Download The Scientific Journal PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022655337X
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Scientific Journal by : Alex Csiszar

Download or read book The Scientific Journal written by Alex Csiszar and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not since the printing press has a media object been as celebrated for its role in the advancement of knowledge as the scientific journal. From open communication to peer review, the scientific journal has long been central both to the identity of academic scientists and to the public legitimacy of scientific knowledge. But that was not always the case. At the dawn of the nineteenth century, academies and societies dominated elite study of the natural world. Journals were a relatively marginal feature of this world, and sometimes even an object of outright suspicion. The Scientific Journal tells the story of how that changed. Alex Csiszar takes readers deep into nineteenth-century London and Paris, where savants struggled to reshape scientific life in the light of rapidly changing political mores and the growing importance of the press in public life. The scientific journal did not arise as a natural solution to the problem of communicating scientific discoveries. Rather, as Csiszar shows, its dominance was a hard-won compromise born of political exigencies, shifting epistemic values, intellectual property debates, and the demands of commerce. Many of the tensions and problems that plague scholarly publishing today are rooted in these tangled beginnings. As we seek to make sense of our own moment of intense experimentation in publishing platforms, peer review, and information curation, Csiszar argues powerfully that a better understanding of the journal’s past will be crucial to imagining future forms for the expression and organization of knowledge.

Immunisation against infectious diseases

Download Immunisation against infectious diseases PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : The Stationery Office
ISBN 13 : 9780113225286
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (252 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Immunisation against infectious diseases by : David Salisbury

Download or read book Immunisation against infectious diseases written by David Salisbury and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2006-12-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the third edition of this publication which contains the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures for all the vaccine preventable infectious diseases that may occur in the UK or in travellers going outside of the UK, particularly those immunisations that comprise the routine immunisation programme for all children from birth to adolescence. It is divided into two sections: the first section covers principles, practices and procedures, including issues of consent, contraindications, storage, distribution and disposal of vaccines, surveillance and monitoring, and the Vaccine Damage Payment Scheme; the second section covers the range of different diseases and vaccines.

Revelation

Download Revelation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Canongate Books
ISBN 13 : 0857861018
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (578 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Revelation by :

Download or read book Revelation written by and published by Canongate Books. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final book of the Bible, Revelation prophesies the ultimate judgement of mankind in a series of allegorical visions, grisly images and numerological predictions. According to these, empires will fall, the "Beast" will be destroyed and Christ will rule a new Jerusalem. With an introduction by Will Self.

The Cutter Incident

Download The Cutter Incident PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300126051
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Cutter Incident by : Paul A. Offit

Download or read book The Cutter Incident written by Paul A. Offit and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have saved more lives than any other single medical advance. Yet today only four companies make vaccines, and there is a growing crisis in vaccine availability. Why has this happened? This remarkable book recounts for the first time a devastating episode in 1955 at Cutter Laboratories in Berkeley, California, thathas led many pharmaceutical companies to abandon vaccine manufacture. Drawing on interviews with public health officials, pharmaceutical company executives, attorneys, Cutter employees, and victims of the vaccine, as well as on previously unavailable archives, Dr. Paul Offit offers a full account of the Cutter disaster. He describes the nation's relief when the polio vaccine was developed by Jonas Salk in 1955, the production of the vaccine at industrial facilities such as the one operated by Cutter, and the tragedy that occurred when 200,000 people were inadvertently injected with live virulent polio virus: 70,000 became ill, 200 were permanently paralyzed, and 10 died. Dr. Offit also explores how, as a consequence of the tragedy, one jury's verdict set in motion events that eventually suppressed the production of vaccines already licensed and deterred the development of new vaccines that hold the promise of preventing other fatal diseases.

Immunization Safety Review

Download Immunization Safety Review PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309086108
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Immunization Safety Review by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Immunization Safety Review written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-26 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Immunization Safety Review Committee was established by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to evaluate the evidence on possible causal associations between immunizations and certain adverse outcomes, and to then present conclusions and recommendations. The committee's mandate also includes assessing the broader societal significance of these immunization safety issues. While all the committee members share the view that immunization is generally beneficial, none of them has a vested interest in the specific immunization safety issues that come before the group. The committee reviews three immunization safety review topics each year, addressing each one at a time. In this fifth report in a series, the committee examines the hypothesis that exposure to polio vaccine contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40), a virus that causes inapparent infection in some monkeys, can cause certain types of cancer.