The Oldest Known Crinoids (early Ordovician, Utah) and a New Crinoid Plate Homology System

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ISBN 13 : 9780877104582
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oldest Known Crinoids (early Ordovician, Utah) and a New Crinoid Plate Homology System by : Thomas Edgar Guensburg

Download or read book The Oldest Known Crinoids (early Ordovician, Utah) and a New Crinoid Plate Homology System written by Thomas Edgar Guensburg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six new primitive genera from the Early Ordovician of western Utah significantly advance our understanding of early crinoid history. Two of the new genera are the oldest crinoids (early Ibexian, early Tremadoc) and represent a previously unknown protocrinoid evolutionary grade, differing from other crinoids in having a nonstandardized dorsal cup and arms bearing ambulacral floor plates. Titanocrinus sumralli, new genus and species, has hundreds of unorganized mid-cup and interbrachial plates separating the cup-base basal circlet and the ray plates. Glenocrinus globularis, new genus and species, has similar plating with a more compact globular cup and fewer mid-cup plates, and is near the origin of diplobathrid camerates. A third taxon, Eknomocrinus wahwahensis, new genus and species, from the same lower stratigraphic interval, is a stem-group monocyclic camerate crinoid with standardized but irregular cup plating and other emergent crinoid traits shared with protocrinoids. Three new camerates from higher in the section are more derived. Cnemecrinus fillmorensis, new genus and species, and Habrotecrinus ibexensis, new genus and species, both latest Ibexian (middle Arenig), are monocyclic camerates. The latter taxon has unique accessory plates and major cup plate shapes. The fossil record indicates rapid diversification of disparid, cladid, and camerate crinoids by the end of the middle Ibexian (late Tremadoc), each arising independently from the protocrinoid stem group. Evidence from ontogeny, cup-stem and radial orientation, and now, early morphologic transitions necessitates revision of long used skeletal terminology. Dual ray and cup-base references for plate homologies, rather than the traditional ray-only model, are consistent with this evidence. Consequently, infrabasals are redefined as the cup-base circlet of both dicyclic and monocyclic crinoids. The use of basals is restricted to plates between infrabasals and radials of dicyclic (and tricyclic) crinoids. Traditional classifications emphasizing cup plate circlet number is unreliable early in the crinoid record; instead, posterior and interray cup morphology provides the most consistent phylogenetic information.

The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event

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Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231501633
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event by : Barry D. Webby

Download or read book The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event written by Barry D. Webby and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-14 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489–443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.

Echinoderm Paleobiology

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Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253351286
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (533 download)

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Book Synopsis Echinoderm Paleobiology by : William I. Ausich

Download or read book Echinoderm Paleobiology written by William I. Ausich and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dominant faunal elements in shallow Paleozoic oceans, echinoderms are important to understanding these marine ecosystems. Echinoderms (which include such animals as sea stars, crinoids or sea lilies, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers) have left a rich and, for science, extremely useful fossil record. For various reasons, they provide the ideal source for answers to the questions that will help us develop a more complete understanding of global environmental and biodiversity changes. This volume highlights the modern study of fossil echinoderms and is organized into five parts: echinoderm paleoecology, functional morphology, and paleoecology; evolutionary paleoecology; morphology for refined phylogenetic studies; innovative applications of data encoded in echinoderms; and information on new crinoid data sets.

Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108898947
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids by : Selina R. Cole

Download or read book Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids written by Selina R. Cole and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician). Patterns of community structure and niche evolution are evaluated over a ~5 million-year period through comparison with the Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Upper Ordovician). The authors establish filtration fan density, food size selectivity, and body size as major axes defining niche differentiation, and niche occupation is strongly controlled by phylogeny. Ecological strategies were relatively static over the study interval at high taxonomic scales, but niche differentiation and specialization increased in most subclades. Changes in disparity and species richness indicate the transition between the early-middle Paleozoic Crinoid Evolutionary Faunas was already underway by the Katian due to ecological drivers and was not triggered by the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography

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Publisher : Geological Society of London
ISBN 13 : 1862393737
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography by : D.A.T. Harper

Download or read book Early Palaeozoic Biogeography and Palaeogeography written by D.A.T. Harper and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early Palaeozoic was a critical interval in the evolution of marine life on our planet. Through a window of some 120 million years, the Cambrian Explosion, Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, End Ordovician Extinction and the subsequent Silurian Recovery established a steep trajectory of increasing marine biodiversity that started in the Late Proterozoic and continued into the Devonian. Biogeography is a key property of virtually all organisms; their distributional ranges, mapped out on a mosaic of changing palaeogeography, have played important roles in modulating the diversity and evolution of marine life. This Memoir first introduces the content, some of the concepts involved in describing and interpreting palaeobiogeography, and the changing Early Palaeozoic geography is illustrated through a series of time slices. The subsequent 26 chapters, compiled by some 130 authors from over 20 countries, describe and analyse distributional and in many cases diversity data for all the major biotic groups plotted on current palaeogeographic maps. Nearly a quarter of a century after the publication of the ‘Green Book’ (Geological Society, London, Memoir12, edited by McKerrow and Scotese), improved stratigraphic and taxonomic data together with more accurate, digitized palaeogeographic maps, have confirmed the central role of palaeobiogeography in understanding the evolution of Early Palaeozoic ecosystems and their biotas.

Bulletins of American Paleontology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 784 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Bulletins of American Paleontology by :

Download or read book Bulletins of American Paleontology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fossil Crinoids

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521524407
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (244 download)

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Book Synopsis Fossil Crinoids by : Hans Hess

Download or read book Fossil Crinoids written by Hans Hess and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crinoids have graced the oceans for more than 500 million years. Among the most attractive fossils, crinoids had a key role in the ecology of marine communities through much of the fossil record, and their remains are prominent rock forming constituents of many limestones. This is the first comprehensive volume to bring together their form and function, classification, evolutionary history, occurrence, preservation and ecology. The main part of the book is devoted to assemblages of intact fossil crinoids, which are described in their geological setting in twenty-three chapters ranging from the Ordovician to the Tertiary. The final chapter deals with living sea lilies and feather stars. The volume is exquisitely illustrated with abundant photographs and line drawings of crinoids from sites around the world. This authoritative account recreates a fascinating picture of fossil crinoids for paleontologists, geologists, evolutionary and marine biologists, ecologists and amateur fossil collectors.

American Paleontologist

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis American Paleontologist by :

Download or read book American Paleontologist written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Parasitism and Predation on Paleozoic Crinoids

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Parasitism and Predation on Paleozoic Crinoids by : Forest J. Gahn

Download or read book Parasitism and Predation on Paleozoic Crinoids written by Forest J. Gahn and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids

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Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 081372046X
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids by : Raymond Cecil Moore

Download or read book Evolution and Classification of Paleozoic Crinoids written by Raymond Cecil Moore and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1943 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Conference on the Cambrian Explosion

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis International Conference on the Cambrian Explosion by : Paul A. Johnston

Download or read book International Conference on the Cambrian Explosion written by Paul A. Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Echinoderm Nutrition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9789061910800
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Echinoderm Nutrition by : Michel Jangoux

Download or read book Echinoderm Nutrition written by Michel Jangoux and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1982-06-01 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to present the state of knowledge concerning nutrition and point out directions for future work for the Echinodermata, an ancient group which shows great diversity in form and function, and whose feeding activities can have great environmental impact.

The Zoological Record

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis The Zoological Record by :

Download or read book The Zoological Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1870 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009048842
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (488 download)

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Book Synopsis Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology by : April Wright

Download or read book Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology written by April Wright and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroevolutionary inference has historically been treated as a two-step process, involving the inference of a tree, and then inference of a macroevolutionary model using that tree. Newer models blend the two steps. These methods make more complete use of fossils than the previous generation of Bayesian phylogenetic models. They also involve many more parameters than prior models, including parameters about which empiricists may have little intuition. In this paper, we set forth a framework for fitting complex, hierarchical models. The authors ultimately fit and use a joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny of the Cincta (Echinodermata), a morphologically distinct group of Cambrian echinoderms that lack the five-fold radial symmetry characteristic of extant members of the phylum. Although the phylogeny of cinctans remains poorly supported in places, this Element shows how models of character change and diversification contribute to understanding patterns of phylogenetic relatedness and testing macroevolutionary hypotheses.

Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118685407
Total Pages : 1001 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record by : Michael J. Benton

Download or read book Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record written by Michael J. Benton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 1001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of the science of the history of life. Paleobiologists bring many analytical tools to bear in interpreting the fossil record and the book introduces the latest techniques, from multivariate investigations of biogeography and biostratigraphy to engineering analysis of dinosaur skulls, and from homeobox genes to cladistics. All the well-known fossil groups are included, including microfossils and invertebrates, but an important feature is the thorough coverage of plants, vertebrates and trace fossils together with discussion of the origins of both life and the metazoans. All key related subjects are introduced, such as systematics, ecology, evolution and development, stratigraphy and their roles in understanding where life came from and how it evolved and diversified. Unique features of the book are the numerous case studies from current research that lead students to the primary literature, analytical and mathematical explanations and tools, together with associated problem sets and practical schedules for instructors and students. “..any serious student of geology who does not pick this book off the shelf will be putting themselves at a huge disadvantage. The material may be complex, but the text is extremely accessible and well organized, and the book ought to be essential reading for palaeontologists at undergraduate, postgraduate and more advanced levels—both in Britain as well as in North America.” Falcon-Lang, H., Proc. Geol. Assoc. 2010 “...this is an excellent introduction to palaeontology in general. It is well structured, accessibly written and pleasantly informative .....I would recommend this as a standard reference text to all my students without hesitation.” David Norman Geol Mag 2010 Companion website This book includes a companion website at: www.blackwellpublishing.com/paleobiology The website includes: · An ongoing database of additional Practical’s prepared by the authors · Figures from the text for downloading · Useful links for each chapter · Updates from the authors

Echinoderm Morphological Disparity: Methods, Patterns, and Possibilities

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108898041
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Echinoderm Morphological Disparity: Methods, Patterns, and Possibilities by : Bradley Deline

Download or read book Echinoderm Morphological Disparity: Methods, Patterns, and Possibilities written by Bradley Deline and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quantification of morphology through time is a vital tool in elucidating macroevolutionary patterns. Studies of disparity require intense effort but can provide insights beyond those gained using other methodologies. Over the last several decades, studies of disparity have proliferated, often using echinoderms as a model organism. Echinoderms have been used to study the methodology of disparity analyses and potential biases as well as documenting the morphological patterns observed in clades through time. Combining morphological studies with phylogenetic analyses or other disparate data sets allows for the testing of detailed and far-reaching evolutionary hypotheses.

The Genesis Conflict

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Publisher : Amazing Discoveries
ISBN 13 : 9780968236352
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis The Genesis Conflict by : Walter J. Veith

Download or read book The Genesis Conflict written by Walter J. Veith and published by Amazing Discoveries. This book was released on 2002 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: