The Satanic Verses

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Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312270827
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Satanic Verses by : Salman Rushdie

Download or read book The Satanic Verses written by Salman Rushdie and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2000-12 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just before dawn one winter's morning, a hijacked jetliner explodes above the English Channel. Through the falling debris, two figures, Gibreel Farishta, the biggest star in India, and Saladin Chamcha, an expatriate returning from his first visit to Bombay in fifteen years, plummet from the sky, washing up on the snow-covered sands of an English beach, and proceed through a series of metamorphoses, dreams, and revelations.

The Most Controversial Qur'anic Verse

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0761872108
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis The Most Controversial Qur'anic Verse by : John Andrew Morrow

Download or read book The Most Controversial Qur'anic Verse written by John Andrew Morrow and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fourteen centuries old consensus by Islamic religious authorities has upheld the belief that God has granted husbands the right to beat their wives. Previously, the only element up for debate was the degree of severity, the instrument of the beating, and the limit to the damage allowed. This startling assertion, which shocks human sensibilities, is confirmed by hundreds of Qur’anic commentaries and works of Islamic jurisprudence authored over the course of the past millennia and a half. In this pivotal, courageous, and timely analysis, which works diligently and minutely to separate truth from falsehood, right from wrong, the moral from the immoral, and the ethical from the unethical, Dr. John Andrew Morrow provides an exhaustive study of the second part of the Qur’anic text, 4:34, dispelling the belief that Islam allows domestic violence. Like Titan, who bears the weight of the heavens upon his shoulders, Morrow takes on the entire corpora of Islamic Tradition. Along the way, the author delicately and defiantly dispels misogynistic misinterpretations of the Word of God while slashing and burning the sexist sayings that were attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. In so doing, he may well save Islam from those traditionalists and misogynists who claim to speak in God’s name.

The Sword Verse

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781935577331
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sword Verse by : Malek Meselmani

Download or read book The Sword Verse written by Malek Meselmani and published by . This book was released on 2015-04-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thoughtful reader of the Qur'ān will probably pause in confusion, for how does one reconcile this verse with tens of other verses that call for tolerance, such as Q 2.256 (Pickthall trans.): "There is no compulsion in religion...." The baffled reader encounters two contrasting spirits, as if facing the conflicted protagonist of Robert Louis Stevenson's novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. A kind of schizophrenia seems incarnated in the Qur'ān with its verses of peace (which resemble the character of Dr. Jekyll) and its verses of killing (which reflect the character of Mr. Hyde), and the reader is left to ponder these questions:Why does the Qur'ān's text present a double personality?How can a Muslim take the Qur'ān as the guide for living one's life when it has two contrasting spirits?Which should the Muslim follow: the verses that reflect Jekyll or Hyde?

Exploring the Qur'an

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1786721651
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring the Qur'an by : Muhammad Abdel Haleem

Download or read book Exploring the Qur'an written by Muhammad Abdel Haleem and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The teachings, style and impact of the Qur'an have always been matters of controversy, among both Muslims and non-Muslims. But in a modern context of intercultural sensitivity, what the Qur'an says and means are perhaps more urgent questions than ever before. This major new book by one of the world's finest Islamic scholars responds to that urgency. Building on his earlier groundbreaking work, the author challenges misinterpretations of particular Qur'anic verses from whatever quarter. He addresses the infamous 'sword' verse, frequently cited as a justification for jihad. He also questions the 'tribute' verse, associated with the Muslim state subjugating Jews and Christians; and the idea of Paradise in the Qur'an, often viewed by the West as emphasising merely physical pleasures, or used by Islamic fighters as their just reward for holy war. The author argues that wrenching the verses out of the context of the whole has led to dangerous ideologies being built on isolated phrases which have then assumed afterlives of their own. This nuanced, holistic reading has vital interfaith ramifications.

What the Koran Really Says

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1615920668
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis What the Koran Really Says by : Ibn Warraq

Download or read book What the Koran Really Says written by Ibn Warraq and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellent collection of critical commentaries on the Koran brings together outstanding articles by noted scholars from the beginning of the 20th century to recent times. These important studies, as well as the editor's own lengthy introduction, show that little about the text of the Koran can be taken at face value. Among the fascinating topics discussed is evidence that early Muslims did not understand Muhammad's original revelation, that the ninth-century explosion of literary activity was designed to organize and make sense of an often incoherent text, and that much of the traditions surrounding Muhammad's life were fabricated long after his death in an attempt to give meaning to the Koran. Also of interest are suggestions that Coptic and other Christian sources heavily influenced much of the text and that some passages reflect an essential background reaching back to the community of the Dead Sea Scrolls. This valuable compilation will be a welcome resource to interested lay readers and scholars alike.

Qur'an and Woman

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198029438
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Qur'an and Woman by : Amina Wadud

Download or read book Qur'an and Woman written by Amina Wadud and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-06-10 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourteen centuries of Islamic thought have produced a legacy of interpretive readings of the Qu'ran written almost entirely by men. Now, with Qu'ran and Woman, Amina Wadud provides a first interpretive reading by a woman, a reading which validates the female voice in the Qu'ran and brings it out of the shadows. Muslim progressives have long argued that it is not the religion but patriarchal interpretation and implementation of the Qu'ran that have kept women oppressed. For many, the way to reform is the reexamination and reinterpretation of religious texts. Qu'ran and Woman contributes a gender inclusive reading to one of the most fundamental disciplines in Islamic thought, Qu'ranic exegesis. Wadud breaks down specific texts and key words which have been used to limit women's public and private role, even to justify violence toward Muslim women, revealing that their original meaning and context defy such interpretations. What her analysis clarifies is the lack of gender bias, precedence, or prejudice in the essential language of the Qur'an. Despite much Qu'ranic evidence about the significance of women, gender reform in Muslim society has been stubbornly resisted. Wadud's reading of the Qu'ran confirms women's equality and constitutes legitimate grounds for contesting the unequal treatment that women have experienced historically and continue to experience legally in Muslim communities. The Qu'ran does not prescribe one timeless and unchanging social structure for men and women, Wadud argues lucidly, affirming that the Qu'ran holds greater possibilities for guiding human society to a more fulfilling and productive mutual collaboration between men and women than as yet attained by Muslims or non-Muslims.

Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019166989X
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition by : Ayesha S. Chaudhry

Download or read book Domestic Violence and the Islamic Tradition written by Ayesha S. Chaudhry and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern scholars of most major religious traditions, who seek gender egalitarian interpretations of their scriptural texts, confront a common dilemma: how can they produce interpretations that are at once egalitarian and authoritative, within traditions that are deeply patriarchal? This book examines the challenges and resources that the Islamic tradition offers to Muslim scholars who seek to address this dilemma. This is achieved through extensive study of the intellectual history of a Qur'anic verse that has become especially contentious in the modern period: Chapter 4, Verse 34 (Q. 4:34) which can be read to permit the physical disciplining of disobedient wives at the hands of their husbands. Though this verse has been used by historical and contemporary Muslim scholars in multiple ways to justify the right of husbands to physically discipline their wives, progressive and reformist Muslim scholars and activists offer alternative and non-violent readings of the verse. The diverse and divergent interpretations of Q. 4:34 showcases the pivotal role of the reader in shaping the meaning and implications of scriptural texts. This book investigates the sophisticated and creative interpretive approaches to Q. 4:34, tracing the intellectual history of Muslim scholarship on this verse from the ninth century to the present day. Ayesha S. Chaudhry examines the spirited and diverse, and at times contradictory, readings of this verse to reveal how Muslims relate to their inherited tradition and the Qur'anic text.

Atheism for Muslims

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781520779881
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (798 download)

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Book Synopsis Atheism for Muslims by : Adam Wadi

Download or read book Atheism for Muslims written by Adam Wadi and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "WARNING - Only read this book if you're ready. If you're Muslim, I'm going to question everything you and your family believe about Islam"In a book, the first of its kind, researcher, and ex-Muslim Adam Wadi writes with compassion and brutal honesty explaining to his mother and father why he left Islam in this 'atheist confessional'.Providing direct and piercing arguments, Wadi uncovers why we think we need religion, Islam's flaws as a religion, and why God likely does not exist.Join Wadi on a journey of discovery, challenging commonly held beliefs such as: Why religions are so popular The Quran's credibility Prophet Muhammad as a role model The Prophets' stories: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses & Jesus Religion's battle with science Women's rights The fear of Sharia law Gay Muslims Alcohol, cigarettes and sex in Islam Islamic Terrorism Censorship in Islam Islamization of the world Morality, spirituality and the meaning of life without religion and many more topics to provide you with the comprehensive collection of arguments against following ancient laws in a modern world.Citing historians, scientists and the Quran throughout, Atheism for Muslims is a compelling compilation of talking points about Islam, the existence of God, and our desire for a better future.Scroll to the top of the page and select the buy button to learn more

Understanding the Hadith

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Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1615922431
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Hadith by : Ram Swarup

Download or read book Understanding the Hadith written by Ram Swarup and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2011-04-29 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noted Indian writer and polymath Ram Swarup explores the meaning of Islam through the words of the Sahih Muslim, considered by Muslims to be one of the most authoritative of the collections of "traditions" (Arabic Hadith) about the life of the Prophet Muhammad. Like the Koran, these traditions are believed to be divinely revealed by Allah and they complement the verses of the Koran, in many cases expanding upon them and explaining the context of their revelation. As Swarup notes in his introduction, to Muslims the Hadith literature represents the Koran in action, stories of "revelation made concrete in the life of the Prophet." Among the orthodox they are considered as sacred as the Koran itself.Swarup is plainly skeptical of the claim that the Hadith literature is divinely inspired. In the introduction he says, "The Prophet is caught as it were in the ordinary acts of his life - sleeping, eating, mating, praying, hating, dispensing justice, planning expeditions and revenge against his enemies. The picture that emerges is hardly flattering. . . . One is . . . left to wonder how the believers, generation after generation, could have found this story so inspiring. The answer is that the believers are conditioned to look at the whole thing through the eyes of faith. To them morality derives from the Prophet''s actions. . . .his actions determine and define morality."The Sahih Muslim, a massive work consisting of 7,190 traditions divided into 1,243 chapters, is hardly accessible to the average reader; so Swarup quotes representative selections that touch upon the main tenets of Islam: faith, purification, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, marriage and divorce, crime and punishment, religious wars (jihad), paradise, hell, repentance, and many other features of the religion.To non-Muslims this work provides many insights into the mindset of the average Muslim who is raised on these traditions about Muhammad. It also underscores the gulf that exists between the sanctum of orthodox Islam and an increasingly secularized Westernized world.

Feminist Edges of the Qur'an

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199359571
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Feminist Edges of the Qur'an by : Aysha A. Hidayatullah

Download or read book Feminist Edges of the Qur'an written by Aysha A. Hidayatullah and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study and critique of feminist interpretation of the Qur'an, examining its dynamic challenges to Islamic tradition and contemporary Muslim views of the Qur'an. Hidayatullah analyses major feminist readings of the Qur'an by Muslim women beginning in the late 20th century, synthesizing their common concepts and methods, and tracing their collective trajectory as key to the development of the nascent field of feminist tafsir (exegesis).

The Quran: with or Against the Bible?

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Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 1475907761
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis The Quran: with or Against the Bible? by : Ejaz Naqvi MD

Download or read book The Quran: with or Against the Bible? written by Ejaz Naqvi MD and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too often we are tempted into thinking how wrong other peoples religions and scriptures are, rather than focusing on whats right about our own. We act like some of our politicians during election campaigns rather than following the teachings of our own holy books. Breaking the trend, author Dr. Ejaz Naqvi provides an objective, topic-by-topic review of the two most read books in the worldthe Holy Bible and the Holy Quran. The Quran: With or Against the Bible? addresses the key themes of the Quran and answers commonly asked questions in search of finding common ground: Who wrote the Quran? Who is the God of the Quran? What is the Quranic view of the prophets, especially Moses and Jesus? What does the Quran teach about interfaith relations? Does the Quran promote peace and harmony between Muslims and the People of the Book, or does it promote violence? How does the Quran compare to the Bible on important themes like worshipping God, the prophets, human rights, moral values, and fighting for justice and human dignity? Does the Quran render women as second-class citizens? Dispelling major myths, The Quran: With or Against the Bible? Systematically analyzes and compares the similarities in the paths of guidance the two scriptures have bestowed upon mankind.

Day and Night on the Sufi Path

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Publisher : Sophia Perennis et Universalis
ISBN 13 : 9781621381358
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (813 download)

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Book Synopsis Day and Night on the Sufi Path by : Charles Upton

Download or read book Day and Night on the Sufi Path written by Charles Upton and published by Sophia Perennis et Universalis. This book was released on 2015-06-14 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook of Sufism is the Qur'an; there is no principle of Tasawwuf that cannot be traced back to the Holy Book. The Sufis read the Qur'an for its inner meaning, but they do not claim this is the only meaning. The clear legal rulings, the moral exhortations and warnings of the Book, are not abrogated by the batini tafsir (inner exegesis) of the Sufis, but neither can the Noble Qur'an be limited to its legal and moral dimensions. If all the seas were ink for the tafsir of the Qur'an, they would be exhausted twice over before all its meanings were unveiled. Inner and outer co-exist within the Book, depend upon each other, and inform each other; in the words of the Surah Ha Mim Sajdah, I will show them My signs on the horizons and in their own souls until they are satisfied that this is the Truth. Is it not enough for you, that I am Witness over all things? Q. 41:53]. The Sufi Path, insha'Allah, has the power to place one in the near Presence of Allah--a Presence which, whether or not we are always conscious of it, alchemizes the Heart. The changes the Heart undergoes by the power of this Presence have been recorded by the Sufis over many centuries, and some of the operative laws behind these changes discerned and defined. This book contains only one small drop from that vast ocean of knowledge; it attempts to define a number of the spiritual states and transformations of the self often encountered over the course of the Path--but as the author's own shaykh reminds his followers, in reality there is only one state--Allah. "This is simply the best and most profound book on Sufism that I have encountered."--Andrew Harvey, author of The Hope: A Guide to Sacred Activism "Charles Upton is a serious thinker from whom I have learned much. His writing merits close attention."--Huston Smith, author of The World's Religions "This challenging book demands all our attention, and for those willing to make the effort there is much to be learned. Charles Upton has pondered deeply the themes he examines. He has engaged, not just intellectually but with his heart, in the alchemy that transforms the self. You may well keep this book at hand, to be tasted from time to time, comparing the steps of this spiritual traveler to your own."--Kabir Helminski, Mevlevi Shaikh and Sufi author "Charles Upton is an oasis of spirituality in a parched desert of secularism. In a world desiccated by materialism, greed, envy, and egotism, where virtues are viewed as vices and vices as virtues, Day and Night on the Sufi Path provides desperately needed access to a soul-saving spiritual source. Well-versed in the inner and outer dimensions of Islam, Upton exemplifies the balance between the esoteric and the exoteric. His Sufism, while sublime, is rooted in the realities of our time."--John Andrew Morrow, author of The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World "In Day and Night on the Sufi Path Charles Upton provides us with a lucid glimpse of one of the spiritual paths to God in Islam. Classical Sufi teachings on the soul, spiritual practice, states and stations, and potential dangers are discussed with eloquence and rigor in a manner that is true to the tradition and relevant to the time we are in. This work is at once philosophical and poetic, systematic and with flashes of original inspiration that can only come from someone conversant in both the theoretical and practical dimensions of tasawwuf. It is a faithful reflection of the Divine Light that has captured the author's attention and may help to illuminate the path for others."--Zachary Markwith, author of One God, Many Prophets: The Universal Wisdom of Islam

A Guide to the Contents of the Qur'an

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to the Contents of the Qur'an by : Faruq Sherif

Download or read book A Guide to the Contents of the Qur'an written by Faruq Sherif and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because the Qur'an deals with so many diverse subjects in its various parts, finding complete information on any one of its numerous topics can be difficult. Muslims as well as non-Muslims have long felt the need for a compendium of the Qur'an arranged systematically so that all the themes appear in a concise form. This book provides such a guide by arranging the themes into 68 sections, each containing the sum of the relevant verses. There is an index to the verses referred to in these sections and classified by subject, as well as a general index. In this revised edition no subject has been left out, and readers will find within it a comprehensive guide to the contents of the Qur'an in a condensed form.

Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts

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Author :
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739142917
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts by : Keith E. Small

Download or read book Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts written by Keith E. Small and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2011-04-22 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique work takes a method of textual analysis commonly used in studies of ancient Western and Eastern manuscripts and applies it to twenty-one early Qur'an manuscripts. Keith Small analyzes a defined portion of text from the Qur'an with two aims in view: to recover the earliest form of text for this portion, and to trace the historical development of this portion to the current form of the text of the Qur'an. Small concludes that though a significantly early edited form of the consonantal text of the Qur'an can be recovered, its original forms of text cannot be obtained. He also documents the further editing that was required to record the Arabic text of the Qur'an in a complete phonetic script, as well as providing an explanation for much of the development of various recitation systems of the Qur'an. This controversial, thought-provoking book provides a rigorous examination into the history of the Qur'an and will be of great interest to Quranic Studies scholars.

Jesus Wars

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Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0061981419
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis Jesus Wars by : John Philip Jenkins

Download or read book Jesus Wars written by John Philip Jenkins and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2010-02-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth-Century Political Battles That Forever Changed the Church In this fascinating account of the surprisingly violent fifth-century church, PhilipJenkins describes how political maneuvers by a handful of powerful charactersshaped Christian doctrine. Were it not for these battles, today’s church could beteaching something very different about the nature of Jesus, and the papacy as weknow it would never have come into existence. Jesus Wars reveals the profoundimplications of what amounts to an accident of history: that one faction ofRoman emperors and militia-wielding bishops defeated another.

Finding W.D. Fard

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Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527524892
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Finding W.D. Fard by : John Andrew Morrow

Download or read book Finding W.D. Fard written by John Andrew Morrow and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since his arrival in Detroit on July 4, 1930, W.D. Fard, known also as Wallace Fard Muhammad and over fifty other aliases, has elicited an enormous amount of curiosity. Who was this man who claimed that he was both the Messiah and the Mahdi, and who was identified as God in Person by his disciple, Elijah Muhammad, whom he reportedly appointed as his Final Messenger? The people who actually met him, and the scholars who have studied him, have suggested that he was variously an African American, an Arab from Syria, Lebanon, Algeria, Morocco or Saudi Arabia, a Jamaican, a Turk, an Afghan, an Indo-Pakistani, an Iranian, an Azeri, a white American, a Bosnian, a Mexican, a Greek or even a Jew. In an attempt to determine the origins of W.D. Fard, most scholars have relied on his teachings as passed down, and perhaps modified, by Elijah Muhammad. Some have suggested that he was a member of the Moorish Science Temple of America or the Ahmadiyyah Movement. Others have suggested that he was a Druze or a Shiite. Finding W.D. Fard: Unveiling the Identity of the Founder of the Nation of Islam provides an overview of the scholarly literature related to this mysterious subject and the theories concerning his ethnic and racial origins. It provides the most detailed analysis of his teachings to date in order to identify their original and multifarious sources. Finding W.D. Fard considers the conflicting views shared by his early followers to decipher the doctrine he actually taught. Did W.D. Fard really profess to be Allah, or was he deified after his death by Elijah Muhammad? The book features a meticulous study of any and all subjects who fit the profile of W.D. Fard, and provides the most detailed information regarding his life to date. It also offers an overview of turn-of-the-20th-century Islam in the state of Oregon, demonstrating how much W.D. Fard learned about the Muslim faith while residing in the Pacific Northwest. The work finishes with a series of conclusions and suggestions for further scholarship.

Islām and the People of the Book Volumes 1-3

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527509672
Total Pages : 1782 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Islām and the People of the Book Volumes 1-3 by : John Andrew Morrow

Download or read book Islām and the People of the Book Volumes 1-3 written by John Andrew Morrow and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 1782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Islam and the People of the Book features three dozen scholarly studies on the treaties that the Prophet Muhammad concluded with Jewish, Samaritan, Christian, and Zoroastrian communities, along with translations of Six Covenants of the Prophet in over a dozen languages. The combined effort of over forty-five academics, intellectuals, and translators from around the world, this work powerfully confirms the conclusions drawn by Dr John Andrew Morrow in his critically-acclaimed book on The Covenants of the Prophet Muhammad with the Christians of the World, offers unprecedented insight into the original intent of the Messenger of God, and sheds light on the pluralistic nature of the constitutional state that he created.