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Author : Alexander Ruvantha Pinto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (71 download)
Download or read book The Molecular Regulation of Telomeres written by Alexander Ruvantha Pinto and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Craig Daniel Nicholls
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Molecular Regulation of Telomeres and Telomerase written by Craig Daniel Nicholls and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomeres are nucleoprotein caps present at each chromosomal end that play a key role in maintaining genomic stability. Telomeres shorten with each cell division, eventually reaching a critical length at which cellular senescence or death pathways are activated. The enzyme telomerase overcomes this shortening through de novo synthesis of telomeric DNA, and telomerase activity is present at high levels in cancer and stem cells. Telomerase is highly regulated by extracellular and intracellular signals, with this regulation having important consequences for telomere homeostasis. This thesis primarily focuses on the novel role of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the regulation of telomeres and telomerase. Chapter 3 demonstrates an interaction between single-stranded 3' C-rich telomeric overhangs and the N-terminal Rossman fold-containing NAD+ binding region of GAPDH. GAPDH is further revealed to inhibit telomerase activity in vitro and in cultured cells. This inhibition has been found to be dependent upon the C-terminal catalytic region of GAPDH. Furthermore, this chapter also demonstrates that nitric oxide modification of GAPDH impairs telomerase inhibition. Chapter 4 examines the relationship between the telomeric DNA binding activity of GAPDH and its telomerase inhibitory function. Several residues critical for mediating telomeric DNA binding were identified by site-directed mutagenesis and gel-shift assays. Expression of these GAPDH mutants in MCF7 breast cancer cells revealed that they retained the ability to inhibit telomerase, suggesting that telomeric DNA binding plays a role in positioning GAPDH on telomeres rather than inhibiting telomerase. However, the mutation K259N - located in a known protein-protein interaction region - abolishes telomerase inhibition and telomere shortening, demonstrating a critical role in telomerase inhibition for this region.This chapter also demonstrates for the first time an interaction between GAPDH and the telomerase RNA component hTERC, suggesting a switch between GAPDH binding of telomeric DNA and telomerase RNA. GAPDH specifically binds hTERC using identical components to those needed for the interaction with telomeric DNA. Furthermore, increased exogenous hTERC eliminates GAPDH-mediated telomerase inhibition. Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that exogenous provision of several TGF[beta] superfamily cytokines can inhibit hTERT expression and telomerase activity. Chapter 5 focuses on the role in telomerase regulation played by the TGF[beta] superfamily type II receptors by inhibiting their action with siRNA or expression of dominant-negative (DN) proteins. Up-regulation of hTERT and telomerase activity resulted from receptor knockdown, confirming the telomerase inhibitory role for these receptors. However, longterm disruption of receptor signalling by stable expression of DN receptors resulted in telomerase inhibition in three of the four receptors examined. This data clearly demonstrates a role for TGF[beta] superfamily receptor signalling in telomerase regulation, though this regulation is likely complex in nature. In summary, this thesis investigates a new mechanismof telomere and telomerase regulation in GAPDH, while also furthering the understanding of the influence on telomerase activity by the TGF[beta] superfamily. The control of telomerase is important in the context of stem cell biology, cancer, and aging research and the findings from this thesis therefore have implications for all these fields.
Author : Predrag Slijepcevic
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
ISBN 13 : 9783805590631
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase written by Predrag Slijepcevic and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomeres are essential functional elements of eukaryotic chromosomes. Their fundamental biological role as protectors of chromosome stability was identified for the first time in the 1930s by Hermann Muller and Barbara McClintock based on pioneering cytological experiments. Modern molecular research carried out more recently revealed that telomeres and telomerase play important roles in processes such as carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. This special issue presents the most recent developments in this highly active field of research. It is becoming increasingly clear that molecular pathways involved in regulation of telomere length and structure are functionally linked with pathways involved in DNA damage response, cellular stress response, chromatin organization and perhaps even pathways that regulate evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. The above functional link is explored by the leading experts in the field of telomere biology. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, oncologists, gerontologists, and radiobiologists with an interest in the role of telomeres/telomerase will appreciate the up-to-date information in this publication.
Author : Keiko Hiyama
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1603278796
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Author : Julie Margherita Dwyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (853 download)
Download or read book Molecular Regulation of the Enzyme Telomerase in Cancer written by Julie Margherita Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study investigates the roles of the Ets TFs, Ets-1 and Ets-2, in the regulation of telomerase in breast cancer. Ets-mediated gene regulation leads to transcription of a plethora of genes, including c-Myc which stimulates telomerase activity. Thus complex positive and negative regulation involving both Ets-2 and c-Myc signalling events may regulate telomerase activity. Examination of telomerase activity, after selective silencing of Ets-1 or Ets-2 in breast cancer cell lines, has revelaed that Ets-2, but not Ets-1, is specifically required for telomerase activity in several breast cancer lines. Gene knockdown of Ets-2 is associated with compromised telomerase activity in correlation with decreased hTERT gene expression and reduced expression of the proto-oncogene c-Myc, a positive regulator of hTERT. Moreover, gene silencing of Ets-2 is suggested to mediate down-regulation of telomerase by two Ets consensus binding sites on the hTERT promoter. Silencing of Ets-2 to inhibit telomerase activity also induced breast cancer cell death in a manner partially dependent on hTERT gene expression. Thus Ets-2 appears to be required for telomerase activity and breast cancer cell survival through both direct and indirect regulation of hTERT gene transcription. Post-transcriptional modifications of hTERT are also required for full activation of the telomerase enzyme. The tumour suppressor PTEN has been reported to inhibit telomerase activity by lipid phosphatase function to suppress PI3K-Akt cell survival signalling, though the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this study, the role of PTEN in the regulation of telomerase in PTEN-null telomerase-positive HeLa cancer cells was examined. It was demonstrated that PTEN-induced inhibition of telomerase involves PTEN lipid phosphatase activity as suggested by the finding that PTEN lipid phosphatase activity disabled mutants have reduced capacity to inhibit telomerase activity. Telomeric DNA was identified as a possible novel interacting partner of PTEN. Thus it is possible that PTEN is required for inhibition of telomerase activity through interaction with telomeres in the nucleus. It is hypothesised that the interaction of PTEN with telomeres interferes with access of telomerase and thereby inhibits lengthening actions of telomerase. Further investigations are required to establish the functions of PTEN interaction with telomeres in telomerase repression and cell immortalisation during cancer development.
Author : Zhou Songyang
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493968916
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (689 download)
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase written by Zhou Songyang and published by Humana. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition volume expands on the previous editions with new and improved assays that ask essential questions of telomere regulation in diverse model systems. The chapters in this book discuss genetic, proteomic, genomic, biochemical, and molecular approaches that provide insight into the complex protein interaction networks active in the telomere chromatin. This book also details information regarding telomere dynamics in response to stress or stimuli. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition is a valuable and informative resource for anyone who is interested in the developing field of telomeres and telomerase.
Author : Bruce Alberts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jozef Nosek
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781587063091
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Telomeres written by Jozef Nosek and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-05-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear chromosomes represent an evolutionary innovation associated with the origin of eukaryotic cells. This book describes how linear chromosomes and primordial pathways for maintaining their terminal structures, telomeres, emerged in early eukaryotes. Telomeres, derived from the Greek meaning terminal part, were first described by Hermann Muller in 1938. Telomeres are specialized structures that comprise the ends of linear chromosomes in eukaryotes. Linearity is crucial for chromosome pairing during meiosis and sexual reproduction. Inspired by Dobzhansky's dictum that "nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution", this book brings together information about the origin and evolution of telomeres, their functions and the consequences of eukaryotic linearity which is an essential prerequisite of meiotic cell division and sexual reproduction. Selective pressure toward linearization must have been associated with the emergence of robust and redundant mechanisms for the maintenance of telomeres. These pathways comprise a molecular clock involved in cell senescence, carcinogenesis and immortalization.
Author : Richard Egel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662103605
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (621 download)
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Schizosaccharomyces pombe written by Richard Egel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is the favoured tool of many productive research groups throughout the world, serving as a useful model for fundamental principles and mechanisms, such as genome organization, differential gene regulation, cell-cycle control, signal transduction, or cellular morphogenesis. This book collates the current state of knowledge derived from molecular studies in this simple eukaryotic microorganism. The entire sequence of its genome has been completed, emphasizing the comparative value and model status of this yeast. The individual chapters, highlighting up-to-date views on prominent aspects of molecular organization, were written by active research scientists, presenting the results of their investigations to other workers in neighbouring fields. This book intends to serve the fission yeast community as a handy source of reference for years to come. It will also be of particular value to the ever-increasing number of researchers starting to look into fission yeast affairs for comparative reasons from other platforms of molecular genetics and cell biology.
Author : Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn
Publisher : Grand Central Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1455587966
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (555 download)
Download or read book The Telomere Effect written by Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn and published by Grand Central Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling book coauthored by the Nobel Prize winner who discovered telomerase and telomeres' role in the aging process and the health psychologist who has done original research into how specific lifestyle and psychological habits can protect telomeres, slowing disease and improving life. Have you wondered why some sixty-year-olds look and feel like forty-year-olds and why some forty-year-olds look and feel like sixty-year-olds? While many factors contribute to aging and illness, Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn discovered a biological indicator called telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes telomeres, which protect our genetic heritage. Dr. Blackburn and Dr. Elissa Epel's research shows that the length and health of one's telomeres are a biological underpinning of the long-hypothesized mind-body connection. They and other scientists have found that changes we can make to our daily habits can protect our telomeres and increase our health spans (the number of years we remain healthy, active, and disease-free). The Telemere Effect reveals how Blackburn and Epel's findings, together with research from colleagues around the world, cumulatively show that sleep quality, exercise, aspects of diet, and even certain chemicals profoundly affect our telomeres, and that chronic stress, negative thoughts, strained relationships, and even the wrong neighborhoods can eat away at them. Drawing from this scientific body of knowledge, they share lists of foods and suggest amounts and types of exercise that are healthy for our telomeres, mind tricks you can use to protect yourself from stress, and information about how to protect your children against developing shorter telomeres, from pregnancy through adolescence. And they describe how we can improve our health spans at the community level, with neighborhoods characterized by trust, green spaces, and safe streets. The Telemere Effect will make you reassess how you live your life on a day-to-day basis. It is the first book to explain how we age at a cellular level and how we can make simple changes to keep our chromosomes and cells healthy, allowing us to stay disease-free longer and live more vital and meaningful lives.
Author : Guido Krupp
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
ISBN 13 : 9780306474378
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (743 download)
Download or read book Telomerases, Telomeres and Cancer written by Guido Krupp and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2003-01-31 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides broad insights to the most recent discoveries in telomere biology, with current applications in tumor diagnostics and future potentials in therapy. Special features of diverse organisms are presented, with ciliates, the "telomerase discoverer organisms"; yeasts, the "molecular genetisists' toy for eukaryotes"; including plants and insects as well. 28 chapters were written by a group of leading research scientists, working in the telomere/telomerase fields today. This book will be a core reference for any physician, scientist or "educated reader" with an interest in the exciting developments in this research field.
Author : Jerome Fucile
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781632395924
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (959 download)
Download or read book Telomere Biology written by Jerome Fucile and published by . This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively discusses the biology of telomere with the help of advanced information. Developments in telomere researches have provided an interrelation of telomere dysfunction with cellular aging and several age-related human diseases. Some new findings and studies have further widened our knowledge of telomere functions, where telomeres have been demonstrated to be essential for microbial pathogen virulence and telomere proteins have significant non-telomeric cellular functions. This book presents current opinions on selected areas of telomere research and their implication, in the hope of benefitting interested individuals in their future studies and enhancing their research progress.
Author : Peter Fantes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781383049756
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (497 download)
Download or read book The Yeast Nucleus written by Peter Fantes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zhou Songyang
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781617790911
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (99 download)
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase written by Zhou Songyang and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-04-07 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and rapid advances in technology have equipped us with a variety of tools and platforms to ask fundamental questions of telomere regulation and have allowed investigators to carry out experiments using diverse model systems. For example, proteomic, genomic, and molecular approaches have afforded us unprecedented insight into the complex protein interaction networks at work on the telomere chromatin and the detailed information regarding telomere dynamics in response to stress or stimuli. Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition builds upon the telomerase assays featured in the popular first edition to encompass many different assays that allow investigators to query the function of telomere proteins and the responses of the telomere DNA, including detailed examinations of biochemical, molecular, and proteomic approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and expert tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal, up-to-date guide for investigators further pursing this vital field of study.
Author : Lucy Andrews
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1588296830
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (882 download)
Download or read book Telomerase Inhibition written by Lucy Andrews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a compendium of the most recent and advanced methods applied to the rapidly expanding field of telomerase inhibition. The techniques described provide the researcher with a diverse and comprehensive set of tools for the study of telomerase inhibition. The volume is aimed at biochemists, molecular biologists, cancer researchers, and geneticists.
Author : Panagiotis A. Tsonis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521804745
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Anatomy of Gene Regulation written by Panagiotis A. Tsonis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-13 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Author : Catherine Brady
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262261960
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)
Download or read book Elizabeth Blackburn and the Story of Telomeres written by Catherine Brady and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-02-13 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of molecular biologist Elizabeth Blackburn and her groundbreaking research on telomeres and what it reveals about the resourceful opportunism that characterizes the best scientific thinking. Molecular biologist Elizabeth Blackburn—one of Time magazine's 100 “Most Influential People in the World” in 2007—made headlines in 2004 when she was dismissed from the President's Council on Bioethics after objecting to the council's call for a moratorium on stem cell research and protesting the suppression of relevant scientific evidence in its final report. But it is Blackburn's groundbreaking work on telomeric DNA, which launched the field of telomere research, that will have the more profound and long-lasting effect on science and society. In this compelling biography, Catherine Brady tells the story of Elizabeth Blackburn's life and work and the emergence of a new field of scientific research on the specialized ends of chromosomes and the enzyme, telomerase, that extends them. In the early stages of telomere research, telomerase, heralded as a potential cure for cancer and diseases related to aging, attracted the voracious interest of biotech companies. The surrounding hype succeeded in confusing the role of telemorase in extending the life of a cell with a mechanism that might extend the lifespan of an entire organism. In Brady's hands, Blackburn's story reveals much about the tension between pure and applied science, the politicking that makes research science such a competitive field, and the resourceful opportunism that characterizes the best scientific thinking. Brady describes the science accessibly and compellingly. She explores Blackburn's struggle to break down barriers in an elite, male-dominated profession, her role as a mentor to other women scientists (many of whom have made their mark in telomere research), and the collaborative nature of scientific work. This book gives us a vivid portrait of an exceptional woman and a new understanding of the combination of curiosity, imaginative speculation, and aesthetic delight that powers scientific discovery.
