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The Making And Un Making Of Neuronal Circuits In Drosophila
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Book Synopsis The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila by : Bassem A. Hassan
Download or read book The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila written by Bassem A. Hassan and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The small fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has for over a century now had a large impact on biological and biomedical research; however, our knowledge of the fly brain has lagged significantly behind our understanding of other aspects of its development, physiology, and function. In The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila, innovative expert neuroscientists in the field present the ideas and concepts behind the methods, tools, and tricks that are currently being utilized to decode the secrets of this valuable insect’s brain. Focused on the concept of a neuronal circuit, defined as a series of synaptically connected neurons subservient to a particular behavioral modality, this volume contains chapters dealing with anatomical analysis with a focus on cellular and sub-cellular morphologies. These detailed approaches fall under the headings of “Physiology” and “Behavior”, conveniently divided the book into two sections. Written in the easy-to-follow Neuromethods series format, this work provides the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Inventive and accessible, The Making and Un-Making of Neuronal Circuits in Drosophila provides the information and tools necessary to carry out current experiments and, more importantly, further advance the progress of the Drosophila neurobiology field and neurobiology in general.
Book Synopsis Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function by : Arzu Çelik
Download or read book Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function written by Arzu Çelik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how iden tified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.
Book Synopsis New Methods for Characterizing the Complex Neural Circuitry of the Adult Drosophila Brain by : Christopher T. Zugates
Download or read book New Methods for Characterizing the Complex Neural Circuitry of the Adult Drosophila Brain written by Christopher T. Zugates and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently improved genetic mosaic methods permit unprecedented resolution for study of neural circuitry formation in Drosophila melanogaster. This study utilizes new mosaic methods to investigate conserved mechanisms that underlie the development of adult-specific neurons. In addition to providing several novel insights about the genetics of neural circuitry development, this study also provides a framework for increased resolution in examination of lineage and morphology in the Drosophila brain. First, mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (MARCM) reveals stereotyped lineage and morphogenesis in the ellipsoid body (EB), a center of locomotor regulation, resembling development of the mushroom bodies (MB's), sites involved heavily in olfactory learning. In addition, EB neuron birth and axon development are widely separated in time making them ideal model neurons for further studies. Second, comparative genetic mosaic analysis of EB and dorsal cluster (DC) neurons suggests that TGF-beta signaling is widely required for maturation and morphogenesis of post-mitotic adult-specific neurons. Third, combined application of MARCM with a newly developed technique, called "Flip-out" MARCM, reveals that the Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) is required for suppressing ectopic bifurcation MB axons and for promoting divergent guidance of growth cones. Knockout of Dscam in EB neurons reveals a general role in formation and guidance of axonal branches. Finally, combining mosaic methods to study both cellular genetic requirements and phenotypes suggest a non-autonomous requirement for the atypical receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Linotte/Derailed (Lio/Drl), in patterning MB axon lobe architecture. In the development of MB circuitry, Lio/Drl may act to counter Wnt5 signaling, which appears to be generally required for axon extension across the brain midline.
Book Synopsis Sugar Reward Learning in Drosophila by : Andreas Stephan Thum
Download or read book Sugar Reward Learning in Drosophila written by Andreas Stephan Thum and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Generation of Genetic Tools by Gene Expression Intersection for Manipulating Neuronal Circuits in the Drosophila Brain by : 江孟軒
Download or read book Generation of Genetic Tools by Gene Expression Intersection for Manipulating Neuronal Circuits in the Drosophila Brain written by 江孟軒 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Circuits Underlying C02 Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster by :
Download or read book Neural Circuits Underlying C02 Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Circuits for Color Vision in Drosophila by : Manuel Pagni
Download or read book Neural Circuits for Color Vision in Drosophila written by Manuel Pagni and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development, Adaptation, and Persistent, Stimulus-Independent Neural Activity in a Sensorimotor Circuit in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Brennan Walter McFarland
Download or read book Development, Adaptation, and Persistent, Stimulus-Independent Neural Activity in a Sensorimotor Circuit in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Brennan Walter McFarland and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central to all animals is the ability to interpret relevant external stimuli and react appropriately. For animals to be able to recognize and react appropriately to stimuli, neurons must first develop and wire with appropriate partners to build functioning neural circuits. The visual system has served as a model system to investigate neuronal development and target specificity, but rarely has the relationship between connectivity and downstream neuronal output been investigated in the same system. A major barrier to studying neural circuit development and investigating how neurons integrate inputs from many pre-synaptic partners is the lack of systems amenable to genetic and physical accessibility over development necessary for impactful, direct experimentation. Here, we take advantage of the genetically tractable animal Drosophila melanogaster and explore the development of a functionally well-characterized sensorimotor circuit, the convergence of visual projection neurons (VPNs) onto the dendrites of a large descending neuron called the giant fiber (GF). We find two partner VPNs, encoding different visual features that target the same GF dendrite, occupy distinct territories on the GF dendrite, in part, through sequential axon arrival during development. We find that during the initial partner matching stage, pre- and post-synaptic proteins are already present and opposed to one another. Physical occupancy is important to maintain territories, as we find the ablation of one VPN results in expanded dendritic territory occupied by the surviving partner VPN, and that this compensation enables the GF to remain responsive to ethologically relevant visual stimuli. Lastly, we develop a novel ex-vivo electrophysiology preparation and perform the first electrophysiology recording from a pupal CNS neuron. Using this preparation, we record persistent, stimulus independent neural activity in the GF in pupal stages, suggesting neural activity may be important for appropriate GF development. Our data highlight temporal mechanisms for visual feature convergence and promote the GF circuit, and the Drosophila optic glomeruli where VPN to GF connectivity resides, as an ideal developmental model for investigating complex wiring programs and plasticity in visual feature convergence.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Circuits Underlying the Forgetting and Expression of Olfactory Memories in Drosophila by : Jacob Aaron Berry
Download or read book Neuronal Circuits Underlying the Forgetting and Expression of Olfactory Memories in Drosophila written by Jacob Aaron Berry and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Functional Dissociation of Neural Circuits for Motion Vision in Drosophila by : Georg Ammer
Download or read book Functional Dissociation of Neural Circuits for Motion Vision in Drosophila written by Georg Ammer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling and Computational Intelligence in Engineering Applications by : Antônio José da Silva Neto
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling and Computational Intelligence in Engineering Applications written by Antônio José da Silva Neto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a rich selection of studies in mathematical modeling and computational intelligence, with application in several fields of engineering, like automation, biomedical, chemical, civil, electrical, electronic, geophysical and mechanical engineering, on a multidisciplinary approach. Authors from five countries and 16 different research centers contribute with their expertise in both the fundamentals and real problems applications based upon their strong background on modeling and computational intelligence. The reader will find a wide variety of applications, mathematical and computational tools and original results, all presented with rigorous mathematical procedures. This work is intended for use in graduate courses of engineering, applied mathematics and applied computation where tools as mathematical and computational modeling, numerical methods and computational intelligence are applied to the solution of real problems.
Book Synopsis Neural Circuits Underlying Colour Vision and Visual Memory in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Christopher Schnaitmann
Download or read book Neural Circuits Underlying Colour Vision and Visual Memory in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Christopher Schnaitmann and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Circuits Underlying CO2 Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster by : Lasse Björn Bräcker
Download or read book Neural Circuits Underlying CO2 Behavior in Drosophila Melanogaster written by Lasse Björn Bräcker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neural Circuit Architecture and Evolutionary Adaptations in the Drosophila Olfactory System by : Lydia Gruber
Download or read book Neural Circuit Architecture and Evolutionary Adaptations in the Drosophila Olfactory System written by Lydia Gruber and published by . This book was released on 2023* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis aimed to understand the details of the neural architecture of the olfactory system in flies of the genus Drosophila and its evolutionary adaptation to diverse species-specific environmental conditions. In the insect olfactory first relay station, the antennal lobe, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) relay odorant previously induced signals to segregated coding units, the olfactory glomeruli. At this level, the system already extracts and encodes valuable information, such as odor identity, concentration, or odor location. Most insect's volatile odorants are encoded in a combinatorial manner, i.e. one odorant activates many distinct glomerular coding units, which in turn are activated by several odorants. Selected odorants with particular ecological importance are encoded in single and distinct glomerular circuitries. In the first part of the thesis, I show in a dense connectome analysis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, that these dedicated glomerular coding units have evolved specific circuit features that might be important to ensure improved accuracy and signal amplification in a single glomerular system. This thesis discovered furthermore a substantial amount of autapses, self-activating feedback synapses, along the large dendrite of a uniglomerular projection neuron, which are likely to play a role in neuronal communication and/or modulation. In the second part, I discovered deep invaginations nearby presynaptic sites of mainly OSNs formed by protrusions from neighboring neurons. The so-called “synaptic spinules” play a role in neuronal communication and/ or modulation. In the last part of my thesis, I contributed to a large-scale analysis of over 60 species of the genus Drosophila with respect to their phenotypic properties, behavior, and their olfactory and visual systems. This work provides important information on synaptic circuits and architecture and on the question, of how the system might has evolved in the best possible way.
Book Synopsis Augmenting Wiring Diagrams of Neural Circuits with Activity in Larval Drosophila by : Andrew Champion
Download or read book Augmenting Wiring Diagrams of Neural Circuits with Activity in Larval Drosophila written by Andrew Champion and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Stem Cells to Inborn Behaviour by : Zoe Natalie Ludlow
Download or read book From Stem Cells to Inborn Behaviour written by Zoe Natalie Ludlow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inborn behaviours rely on neural circuits that are genetically determined during development. It is currently unknown how such circuits are formed. Here I address how genetic information is translated into inborn behaviour, by the development of neural circuit elements. I show that genetically-encoded clonal units constitute part of a neural circuit that mediates inborn walking behaviour in Drosophila. By genetic lineage tracing I found that embryonic neuroblasts ppd5 & ppd8 generate all large-field ring neurons intrinsic to the ellipsoid body of the central complex in the adult Drosophila brain. Using embryonic mutants I show that engrailed is required for initial formation of the ppd5/8 lineages, and that FGF8 signalling is required for their maintenance. I then used targeted RNAi to study the role of other genes in postembryonic development of the ppd5/8 lineages. I show that prospero is required to limit the number of neurons produced by ppd5/8, which is a prerequisite for formation of the ellipsoid body neuropil. pox neuro is required for proper morphological development of ring neurons, and Dscam is required to form the ring structure of the ellipsoid body. My results therefore outline a lineage-specific genetic programme which highlights a number of steps within the sequence of ring neuron formation. I further show, using targeted genetic manipulation of ppd5/8-derived GABAergic R2 & R4m neurons, that those cells control spontaneous walking activity but not startle-induced locomotion. My findings demonstrate that inherited genetic information is converted into stem cell-derived clonal units that form functional units of neural circuitry underlying inborn behaviour.
Book Synopsis A Neural Circuit for Resolving Sensory Conflict in Drosophila by : Laurence Lewis
Download or read book A Neural Circuit for Resolving Sensory Conflict in Drosophila written by Laurence Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
