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The Logical Structure Of Kinds
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Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Kinds by : Eric Funkhouser
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Kinds written by Eric Funkhouser and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eric Funkhouser uncovers a logical structure that is common to many, if not all, classificatory systems, given by the determination dimensions of kinds. His account of multiple realisability provides standards for establishing the autonomy of the sciences.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Kinds by : Eric Funkhouser
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Kinds written by Eric Funkhouser and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eric Funkhouser uncovers a logical structure that is common to many, if not all, classificatory systems or taxonomies. Every conceptual scheme—including the sciences, mathematics, and ethics—classifies things into kinds. Given their ubiquity across theoretical contexts, we would benefit from understanding the nature of such kinds. Significantly, most conceptual schemes posit kinds that vary in their degree of specificity. Species-genus taxonomies provide us with familiar examples, with the species classification being more specific than the genus classification. This book instead focuses on adjectival kinds—classifications picked out by kind-terms like 'mass', 'shape', or 'belief', to give but a few examples. Some adjectival kinds specify others—for example, scarlet is a specific kind of red. This is an instance of the determinate-determinable relation. One of the fundamental claims of this book is that studying the determination relation provides deep insight into the essences of adjectival kinds and their instances (properties). The determination relation is found to contain two components, which are employed to structure kinds at the same level of abstraction into property spaces. In turn, these property space models lead to a theory for individuating properties, which has profound consequences when it comes to reduction, autonomy, and causation. Determination relations are contrasted with realization relations, the latter being the favored way of understanding how the mental and the physical are related. Particular attention is given to the distinction between multiple realizability and multiple determination, and it is argued that determination and realization are mutually exclusive relations. This has been overlooked in many discussions of multiple realizability, but it is central to maintaining the connection between multiple realizability and autonomy. The claim that multiple realizability entails various senses of autonomy is defended from various reductionist challenges. These theories of determination and realization ultimately provide general standards for establishing the autonomy of the special sciences or, conversely, their reduction.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Science by : A. Cornelius Benjamin
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Science written by A. Cornelius Benjamin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the argument in the history of the philosophy of science between the positivists and the anti-positivists. The author starts from a point of firm conviction that all science and philosophy must start with the given... But that the range of the given is not definite. He begins with an examination of science from the outside and then the inside, explaining his position on metaphysics and attempts to formulate the character of operational acts before a general theory of symbolism is explored. The last five chapters constitute a treatise to show that the development from one stage of symbolismto the next is inevitable, consequently that explanatory science represents the culmination of knowledge.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of the World by : Rudolf Carnap
Download or read book The Logical Structure of the World written by Rudolf Carnap and published by Open Court Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available for the first time in 20 years, here are two important works from the 1920s by the best-known representative of the Vienna Circle. In The Logical Structure of the World, Carnap adopts the position of "methodological solipsism" and shows that it is possible to describe the world from the immediate data of experience. In his Pseudoproblems in Philosophy, he asserts that many philosophical problems are meaningless.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics by : J.D. Sneed
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics written by J.D. Sneed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about scientific theories of a particular kind - theories of mathematical physics. Examples of such theories are classical and relativis tic particle mechanics, classical electrodynamics, classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Roughly, these are theories in which a certain mathematical structure is employed to make statements about some fragment of the world. Most of the book is simply an elaboration of this rough characterization of theories of mathematical physics. It is argued that each theory of mathematical physics has associated with it a certain characteristic mathematical struc ture. This structure may be used in a variety of ways to make empirical claims about putative applications of the theory. Typically - though not necessarily - the way this structure is used in making such claims requires that certain elements in the structure play essentially different roles. Some playa "theoretical" role; others playa "non-theoretical" role. For example, in classical particle mechanics, mass and force playa theoretical role while position plays a non-theoretical role. Some attention is given to showing how this distinction can be drawn and describing precisely the way in which the theoretical and non-theoretical elements function in the claims of the theory. An attempt is made to say, rather precisely, what a theory of mathematical physics is and how you tell one such theory from anothe- what the identity conditions for these theories are.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of the World by : Rudolf Carnap
Download or read book The Logical Structure of the World written by Rudolf Carnap and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1969 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hegel and the Logical Structure of Love by : Toula Nicolacopoulos
Download or read book Hegel and the Logical Structure of Love written by Toula Nicolacopoulos and published by re.press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents an original interpretation of the meaning and complex inter-relationship of the concepts of love, sexuality, family and the law. It argues that they should be understood as forms of interplay between the subjective and the objective, necessity and contingency and unity and difference. A comprehensive elaboration of these forms is to be found in Hegel¿s Science of Logic¿the conclusions of which he used to organise his ethical and political thought. The argument is introduced with a discussion of the relevance of Hegel¿s speculative philosophy to modernity. The authors then explore the relationship between thought, being and recognition in Hegel¿s philosophical system and offer an interpretation of the Science of Logic. This interpretation forms the basis of a re-assessment of Hegel¿s treatment of love, sexual relationships, the family and law. A Hegelian account of familial love is employed to review recent debates within a range of discourses, including feminism, family law and gay and lesbian studies. As well as addressing current concerns about sexual difference and the ontology of homosexuality, the study provides a guide to reading Hegel in an original and productive way. It will be of interest to philosophers, feminists, theorists of sexualities, ethical and legal theorists.
Book Synopsis The Dialectic of Practice and the Logical Structure of the Tool by : Jannis Kozatsas
Download or read book The Dialectic of Practice and the Logical Structure of the Tool written by Jannis Kozatsas and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical review of recent trends in the archaeological and anthropological theory of technology from processual neo-positivism and postprocessual relativism to contemporary French and American anthropology, and the symmetrical theory of material culture.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Logic in Computer Science: Volume 5. Algebraic and Logical Structures by : S. Abramsky
Download or read book Handbook of Logic in Computer Science: Volume 5. Algebraic and Logical Structures written by S. Abramsky and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-01-25 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook volume covers fundamental topics of semantics in logic and computation. The chapters (some monographic in length), were written following years of co-ordination and follow a thematic point of view. The volume brings the reader up to front line research, and is indispensable to any serious worker in the areas.
Book Synopsis Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty by : Ellen Hisdal
Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Clinical Medicine by : Ulrich Müller-Kolck
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Clinical Medicine written by Ulrich Müller-Kolck and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of medicine basically depends on three general concepts: an individual patient image, the individual disease course of this patient, and an expectation of the future development of the disease. Physicians use heuristics for the cognitive processing of these concepts. Basic clinical heuristics are put into three algorithms: a history-based-learning algorithm, a diagnostic-inferencing algorithm, and a prognostic-planning algorithm. A proto-theory of clinical reasoning for practicing physicians is proposed.
Book Synopsis Logical Structure and Linguistic Structure by : C-T James Huang
Download or read book Logical Structure and Linguistic Structure written by C-T James Huang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In comparative syntax a general approach has been pursued over the past decade predicated on the notion that Universal Grammar allows of open parameters, and that part of the job of linguistic theory is to specify what values these parameters may have, and how they may be set, given primary linguistic data, to determine the grammars of particu lar languages. The papers presented in this volume are also concerned with language variation understood in this way. Their goals, however, do not strictly fall under the rubric of comparative syntax, but form part of what is more properly thought of as a comparative semantics. Semantics, in its broadest sense, is concerned with how linguistic structures are associated with their truth-conditions. A comparative semantics, therefore, is concerned with whether this association can vary from language to language, and if so, what is the cause of this variation. Taking comparative semantics in this way places certain inherent limitations on the search for the sources of variability. This is because the semantic notion of truth is universal, and does not vary from language to language: Sentences either do or do not accurately characterize what they purport to describe. ! The source of semantic variability, therefore, must be somehow located in the way a language is structured.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Logical Structures by : Willem Esterhuyse
Download or read book Introduction to Logical Structures written by Willem Esterhuyse and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013-01-15 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Makes organization and expression of organization of knowledge possible.
Book Synopsis The Logical Deduction of Chinese Traditional Political Philosophy by : Shiwei Zhang
Download or read book The Logical Deduction of Chinese Traditional Political Philosophy written by Shiwei Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a panoramic and extensive exploration of Chinese political philosophy, examining key political problems of the past, and the thinkers who addressed them. As the reader will discover, China’s traditional political philosophy is one with distinctive national characteristics and ideals. Therefore, the book helps to clarify the evolution of Chinese political thought, while also investigating fundamental political issues throughout the country’s history. The book offers a unique resource for researchers and graduate students in the fields of political science, philosophy, and history, as well as ordinary readers who are interested in China’s traditional and political culture.
Book Synopsis The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics by : Joseph D. Sneed
Download or read book The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics written by Joseph D. Sneed and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about scientific theories of a particular kind - theories of mathematical physics. Examples of such theories are classical and relativis tic particle mechanics, classical electrodynamics, classical thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum mechanics. Roughly, these are theories in which a certain mathematical structure is employed to make statements about some fragment of the world. Most of the book is simply an elaboration of this rough characterization of theories of mathematical physics. It is argued that each theory of mathematical physics has associated with it a certain characteristic mathematical struc ture. This structure may be used in a variety of ways to make empirical claims about putative applications of the theory. Typically - though not necessarily - the way this structure is used in making such claims requires that certain elements in the structure play essentially different roles. Some playa "theoretical" role; others playa "non-theoretical" role. For example, in classical particle mechanics, mass and force playa theoretical role while position plays a non-theoretical role. Some attention is given to showing how this distinction can be drawn and describing precisely the way in which the theoretical and non-theoretical elements function in the claims of the theory. An attempt is made to say, rather precisely, what a theory of mathematical physics is and how you tell one such theory from anothe- what the identity conditions for these theories are.
Book Synopsis Database Systems for Advanced Applications '97 by : Rodney Topor
Download or read book Database Systems for Advanced Applications '97 written by Rodney Topor and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA '97). DASFAA '97 focused on advanced database technologies and their applications. The 55 papers in this volume cover a wide range of areas in the field of database systems and applications ? including the rapidly emerging areas of the Internet, multimedia, and document database systems ? and should be of great interest to all database system researchers and developers, and practitioners.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Based Information Processing and Applications—Volume 1 by : Bernard J. Jansen
Download or read book Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cognitive Based Information Processing and Applications—Volume 1 written by Bernard J. Jansen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
