The Influence Of Human Disturbance On Avian Frugivory And Seed Dispersal In A Neotropical Rainforest

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The Influence of Human Disturbance on Avian Frugivory and Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Rainforest

Author : Kara Lynn Lefevre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494578896
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (788 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Human Disturbance on Avian Frugivory and Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Rainforest by : Kara Lynn Lefevre

Download or read book The Influence of Human Disturbance on Avian Frugivory and Seed Dispersal in a Neotropical Rainforest written by Kara Lynn Lefevre and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat loss and disturbance due to human activity are major causes of global biodiversity decline. Beyond outright species loss, one potential outcome is modification of species interactions that are integral to ecosystem functioning. To investigate this possibility, I asked whether human activity influences avian frugivory and seed dispersal, bird-fruit interactions that facilitate plant reproduction. On Tobago (West Indies), I compared patterns of frugivory in three adjacent rainforest habitats along a gradient of increasing disturbance: primary forest in a reserve, unprotected intermediate forest outside the reserve, and nearby forest that was moderately disturbed by subsistence resource use. I assessed plant and bird community composition, seedling species, fruit removal, and bird fecal samples, to estimate human effects on seed dispersal and plant recruitment in this ecosystem.Disturbed forest had different species assemblages than primary forest, characterized by more light-demanding plants, more birds, and a shift in the relative abundance of avian feeding guilds: insectivores and frugivores declined, while nectarivores and omnivores increased. Canopy cover declined with disturbance; along with plant abundance, this explained much of the variation in bird species composition. The rate of avian fruit consumption in removal experiments varied considerably but tended to be highest in primary forest. Fecal samples showed that fruit composition of avian diets also varied with disturbance; birds captured in disturbed forest consumed more seeds from light-demanding plants. Seeds in the samples provided evidence of some seed transfer between habitats---from disturbed forest into the reserve and vice versa. Seedling composition was consistent with plant species fruiting in the same study plots, and illustrated some successful recruitment of light-demanding plants in primary forest and shade-tolerant plants in disturbed forest. Notably, the plant community of intermediate forest was more similar to disturbed than primary forest. This suggests that habitat adjacent to areas of human activity can be susceptible to ecological change, even though it does not experience the same direct disturbance. In summary, the unprotected portion of Tobago's rainforest has a markedly different plant and bird community than the forest reserve, and my results indicate that avian frugivory and seed dispersal can be influenced by moderate human activity.

Human Disturbance and Seed Dispersal by Understory Avian Frugivores

Author : Kurt A. Kristensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Disturbance and Seed Dispersal by Understory Avian Frugivores by : Kurt A. Kristensen

Download or read book Human Disturbance and Seed Dispersal by Understory Avian Frugivores written by Kurt A. Kristensen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (697 download)

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Book Synopsis Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests by :

Download or read book Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical forest mutualisms are under threat from increased rates of forest conversion and degradation. Seed dispersal and regeneration is important for maintenance of both trees and frugivores. To elucidate the effect of small-scale anthropogenic disturbance on frugivore community and the vital ecosystem process of seed dispersal and regeneration I investigated (1) the frugivore community and fruit removal rates of Celtis durandii (Ulmaceae) and (2), the relationship between fleshy-fruited tree species, frugivores and fleshy-fruited tree seedling establishment in three East African tropical rainforests. During frugivore community census I recorded 40 frugivorous birds and primates in the three forests. Moreover, I recorded more frugivores in little disturbed sites as compared to heavily disturbed sites. From observations on C. durandii trees I recorded more frugivore visitors on trees located in little disturbed than in heavily disturbed sites. This lead to marginally more seeds removed by frugivores in little disturbed than in heavily disturbed sites. The results did not differ among the three rainforests, suggesting that they were consistent at a regional scale. Therefore, it appears that small-scale forest disturbance has a more general negative impact on frugivores and their seed dispersal services than previously anticipated. During the vegetation survey I recorded 131 fleshy-fruited tree species in the three rainforests. Small-scale human disturbance marginally significantly enhanced fleshy-fruited tree species richness with no direct effect on frugivore density and species richness of fleshy-fruited tree seedlings. Richness of fleshy-fruited trees had a marginally significant positive influence on frugivore density but not on seedlings. Correspondingly, the density of frugivores significantly increased the species richness of fleshy-fruited tree seedlings. Thus, small-scale disturbance appear to have increased seedling establishment indirectly through increas.

Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects

Author : T.H. Fleming
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401117497
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects by : T.H. Fleming

Download or read book Frugivory and seed dispersal: ecological and evolutionary aspects written by T.H. Fleming and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any scientific discipline needs a theoretical framework to guide its development and to sharpen the questions its researchers pursue. In biology, evolution is the grand theoretical framework, and an his torical perspective is necessary to understand present-day biological conditions. In its formative years, the modern study of the fruit-frugivore mutualism was guided by the 'specialist-generalist' paradigm developed by D. Snow, D. McKey, and H. Howe. Howe reviews the current status of this evolution ary paradigm and points out that it has been dismissed by many workers before being adequately tested. This is because ecologists working with the tropical plants and frugivorous birds for which the paradigm was originally developed rarely measure the seed dispersal effectiveness of different disperser species. He indicates that this paradigm still has heuristic value and suggests that several additional ecological paradigms, including the concept ofkeystone species ofplants and frugivores and the role that frugivores play in density-dependent mortality in tropical trees, are worth studying. The concept of seed dispersal quality has been central to discussions of fruit-frugivore coevolution. Schupp thoroughly reviews data bearing on this concept, constructs a hierarchical framework for viewing disperser effectiveness, and points out that disperser effectiveness depends on both the quantity and quality of seed dispersal. Effectiveness, in turn, affects both evolutionary and ecological relationships between dispersers and their food plants.

Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests

Author : Jasper Mbae Kirika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests by : Jasper Mbae Kirika

Download or read book Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Tropical Rainforests written by Jasper Mbae Kirika and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Rainforests

Author : Jasper Mbae Kirika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Rainforests by : Jasper Mbae Kirika

Download or read book Frugivores, Seed Dispersal and Tree Regeneration Along a Human Disturbance Gradient in East African Rainforests written by Jasper Mbae Kirika and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Advantage of the Rare

Author : Benjamin Vizzachero
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Advantage of the Rare by : Benjamin Vizzachero

Download or read book The Advantage of the Rare written by Benjamin Vizzachero and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frugivorous birds provide dispersal for a large portion of plant species, yet little research has explored how plant-frugivore mutualisms influence plant community diversity. Recent work in tropical forests demonstrates that many fruiting plant species which are rare in a particular time and place occupy a disproportionately high fraction of the diet of avian frugivores. This rare-biased or anti-apostatic pattern of frugivory is a previously unexplored mechanism promoting the maintenance of diverse plant communities. The present work entails the first attempt to determine experimentally if anti-apostatic frugivory is a general pattern among common frugivorous birds in multiple environments. Between September 2016 and October 2017, I performed field experiments in Argentina, Puerto Rico, and Pennsylvania in which I presented arrays of artificial fruit in contrast to a background of abundant real fruit. I varied the color and density of artificial fruit arrays and measured the interest of visiting birds with camera traps. I found that wild birds exhibited anti-apostatic selection in most, but not all circumstances. In four of five experiments, avian visitors were more interested in artificial fruit which appeared novel than those which resembled a common fruit in that environment. Avian visitors also made more visits-per-fruit in low-density arrays (10 fruit), compared to high-density arrays (100 fruit). This is the first experimental evidence for anti-apostatic frugivory, demonstrating that frugivorous birds may equalize seed dispersal in plant communities where abundances are imbalanced.

Seed Dispersal and Frugivory

Author : Douglas John Levey
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 085199525X
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Seed Dispersal and Frugivory by : Douglas John Levey

Download or read book Seed Dispersal and Frugivory written by Douglas John Levey and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the historical and theoretical perspectives of biodiversity and ecology in tropical forests, plant and animal behaviour towards seed dispersal and plant-animal interactions within forest communities, consequences of seed dispersal, and conservation, biodiversity and management.

Tropical Rain Forests

Author : Richard T. Corlett
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 144439228X
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Tropical Rain Forests by : Richard T. Corlett

Download or read book Tropical Rain Forests written by Richard T. Corlett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-03 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of Tropical Rain Forests: an Ecological and Biogeographical Comparison exploded the myth of ‘the rain forest’ as a single, uniform entity. In reality, the major tropical rain forest regions, in tropical America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Madagascar, and New Guinea, have as many differences as similarities, as a result of their isolation from each other during the evolution of their floras and faunas. This new edition reinforces this message with new examples from recent and on-going research. After an introduction to the environments and geological histories of the major rain forest regions, subsequent chapters focus on plants, primates, carnivores and plant-eaters, birds, fruit bats and gliding animals, and insects, with an emphasis on the ecological and biogeographical differences between regions. This is followed by a new chapter on the unique tropical rain forests of oceanic islands. The final chapter, which has been completely rewritten, deals with the impacts of people on tropical rain forests and discusses possible conservation strategies that take into account the differences highlighted in the previous chapters. This exciting and very readable book, illustrated throughout with color photographs, will be invaluable reading for undergraduate students in a wide range of courses as well as an authoritative reference for graduate and professional ecologists, conservationists, and interested amateurs.

Closing the Seed Dispersal Loop for Guettarda Viburnoides (Rub.)

Author : Andrea Patricia Loayza
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (527 download)

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Book Synopsis Closing the Seed Dispersal Loop for Guettarda Viburnoides (Rub.) by : Andrea Patricia Loayza

Download or read book Closing the Seed Dispersal Loop for Guettarda Viburnoides (Rub.) written by Andrea Patricia Loayza and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seed dispersal by vertebrates in the tropics is a key ecological process; therefore, understanding its consequences for plant fitness is a central question of plant population ecology. Little is known, however, of how frugivore activity translates into demographic and evolutionary consequences for plants. In this study, I connect data on frugivore activity, post-dispersal seed fate and plant population demography using stage-specific demographic modeling, to examine the role of individual dispersers for plant population dynamics of the fleshy-fruited Neotropical tree Guettarda viburnoides (Rubiaceae) in northeastern Bolivian savannas. In chapter one, I examine avian frugivory and seed dispersal of G. viburnoides, focusing on the quantitative and qualitative aspects of disperser effectiveness. The endocarps of this plant are dispersed primarily by two species: Cyanocorax cyanomelas and Pteroglossus castanotis, which I identify as the quantitatively important dispersers (QID) of G. viburnoides. These two species differ in several qualitative aspects of seed dispersal: 1) They select fruits of different sizes; 2) they differ in their fruit handling treatment, which in turn affects the probability of seedling emergence, the temporal pattern of emergence, and the number of emerged seedlings per endocarp and; 3) they differ in their landscape patterns of seed deposition. These results suggest that C. cyanomelas and P. castanotis differ in the quality of seed dispersal services they provide to G. viburnoides. In chapter two, I analyze how habitat affects the post-dispersal seed fate of G. viburnoides. The results show that habitat strongly affects seed dispersal, seed predation, and seedling emergence. Additionally, uncoupling among different life-stages occurs in all habitats and there is spatial discordance between the seed rain and sapling recruitment patterns. This discordance suggests that, in certain years at least, habitat available for recruitment of G. viburnoides in this landscape is limited. The results also reveal high inter-annual variability in the strength of post-dispersal processes, which leads to a constant shifting of habitat "suitability" from one year to the next; that is, it is context-dependent. Finally, in chapter three, I determine the individual effect of seed dispersal by C. cyanomelas and P. castanotis on population growth of G. viburnoides, and assess the degree to which these species may be ecologically redundant. The results demonstrate that seed dispersal by C. cyanomelas leads to positive population growth of G. viburnoides, whereas seed dispersal by P. castanotis has a detrimental effect on the population growth of this species. Therefore, C. cyanomelas is a key species for the long-term persistence of G. viburnoides, and the loss of this dispersal agent would not be compensated by the dispersal services provided by P. castanotis. Ultimately, the integration of frugivore activity with plant demography using models such as this one are important for plant ecology because they enable us to close the "seed dispersal loop" and gain a better understanding of the demographic consequences of seed dispersal by different dispersal agents.

Neotropical Birds

Author : Douglas F. Stotz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226776309
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (763 download)

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Book Synopsis Neotropical Birds by : Douglas F. Stotz

Download or read book Neotropical Birds written by Douglas F. Stotz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1996-06 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unparalleled wealth of finely detailed ecological information on Neotropical bird communities will prove invaluable to all Neotropical wildlife managers, conservation biologists, and serious birders.

Seed Dispersal

Author : Andrew J. Dennis
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845931661
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Seed Dispersal by : Andrew J. Dennis

Download or read book Seed Dispersal written by Andrew J. Dennis and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fresh concepts in the study of seed dispersal are spurring a host of exciting new questions, new answers to old questions, new methods and approaches, and a reinvigoration of the field.Seed Dispersal: Theory and its Application in a Changing World presents both recent advances and reviews of current knowledge demonstrating the vigour and vibrancy of the field. It provides new perspectives and directions at a time when efforts to meet growing environmental challenges threatening natural systems are of utmost importance.

The Ecology of Tropical East Asia

Author : Richard Corlett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199681341
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Tropical East Asia by : Richard Corlett

Download or read book The Ecology of Tropical East Asia written by Richard Corlett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated edition of the only book dedicated to the terrestrial ecology of the East Asian tropics, authored by a world-renowned tropical ecologist

Biotic Interactions in the Tropics

Author : David Burslem
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521847070
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Biotic Interactions in the Tropics by : David Burslem

Download or read book Biotic Interactions in the Tropics written by David Burslem and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-08 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand how tropical ecosystems function we need to appreciate not only what plants, animals and microbes they contain, but how they interact with each other. This volume synthesizes the current state of knowledge of tropical biotic interaction, with chapters providing reviews or case studies drawn from research conducted in both Old and New World tropics, including interactions among taxa at all levels. An underlying theme of the volume is revealing the importance of the maintenance of high diversity in tropical regions.

Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World

Author : Christian C. Voigt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319252208
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World by : Christian C. Voigt

Download or read book Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World written by Christian C. Voigt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on central themes related to the conservation of bats. It details their response to land-use change and management practices, intensified urbanization and roost disturbance and loss. Increasing interactions between humans and bats as a result of hunting, disease relationships, occupation of human dwellings, and conflict over fruit crops are explored in depth. Finally, contributors highlight the roles that taxonomy, conservation networks and conservation psychology have to play in conserving this imperilled but vital taxon. With over 1300 species, bats are the second largest order of mammals, yet as the Anthropocene dawns, bat populations around the world are in decline. Greater understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of this decline and exploration of possible mitigation measures are urgently needed if we are to retain global bat diversity in the coming decades. This book brings together teams of international experts to provide a global review of current understanding and recommend directions for future research and mitigation.

Mutualistic Networks

Author : Jordi Bascompte
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691131260
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Mutualistic Networks by : Jordi Bascompte

Download or read book Mutualistic Networks written by Jordi Bascompte and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-08 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutualistic interactions among plants and animals have played a paramount role in shaping biodiversity. Yet the majority of studies on mutualistic interactions have involved only a few species, as opposed to broader mutual connections between communities of organisms. Mutualistic Networks is the first book to comprehensively explore this burgeoning field. Integrating different approaches, from the statistical description of network structures to the development of new analytical frameworks, Jordi Bascompte and Pedro Jordano describe the architecture of these mutualistic networks and show their importance for the robustness of biodiversity and the coevolutionary process. Making a case for why we should care about mutualisms and their complex networks, this book offers a new perspective on the study and synthesis of this growing area for ecologists and evolutionary biologists. It will serve as the standard reference for all future work on mutualistic interactions in biological communities.

The Cutting Edge

Author : Robert A. Fimbel
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231504799
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cutting Edge by : Robert A. Fimbel

Download or read book The Cutting Edge written by Robert A. Fimbel and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2001-12-19 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent decades have seen unprecedented growth in the scale and intensity of industrial forestry. Directly and indirectly, it has degraded the wildlife and ecological integrity of these tropical forests, prompting a need to evaluate the impact of current forest management practices and reconsider how best to preserve the integrity of the biosphere. Synthesizing the body of knowledge of leading scientists and professionals in tropical forest ecology and management, this book's thirty chapters examine in detail the interplay between timber harvesting and wildlife, from hunted and protected habitats to invertebrates and large mammal species. Collectively, the contributors suggest that better management is pivotal to the maintenance of the tropics' valuable biodiversity, arguing that we must realize that tropical forests harbor the majority (perhaps 70 to 80 percent) of the world's animal species. Further, they suggest modifications to existing practices that can ensure a better future for our valuable resources.