Indo-Pacific Strategies and Foreign Policy Challenges

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000901017
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-Pacific Strategies and Foreign Policy Challenges by : Hyun Ji Rim

Download or read book Indo-Pacific Strategies and Foreign Policy Challenges written by Hyun Ji Rim and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines key issue areas of Indo-Pacific strategies such as cyber security, space security, maritime security, emerging technologies, and institutional frameworks in the context of deepening US–China rivalry. With greater interconnectedness across various fields, the Indo-Pacific region faces greater security challenges including future strategic power competition. States are increasingly engaging in intense strategic activities and strengthening partnerships. The first part of book focuses on the strategic competition between the United States and China in different areas including cyber security, space security, maritime security, emerging technologies, and institutional frameworks. The second part of the book presents the perspectives of different local actors in the regional theatre and the intentions and concepts behind their growing interconnectedness under Indo-Pacific strategies, including China, Russia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and North Korea. Through examining different aspects of US–Indo-Pacific strategy, this edited book contributes to a better understanding of Indo-Pacific strategy and its implications for broader security cooperation in a more interconnected world. The book will be of interest to scholars and policy makers working on Asian Security, Politics, International Relations, and the security dynamics of East Asia and the Indo-Pacific.

The Indo-Pacific and Its Strategic Challenges

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Author :
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN 13 : 9814843504
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis The Indo-Pacific and Its Strategic Challenges by : Peter Varghese

Download or read book The Indo-Pacific and Its Strategic Challenges written by Peter Varghese and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shift in the framework of Australia’s strategic thinking from the Asia-Pacific to the Indo-Pacific reflects the primary focus on the maritime environment in the coming decades and the expectation that over time India will become more embedded in the strategic dynamics of the Asia-Pacific. India is in the midst of a major geopolitical repositioning, as it pursues a hard-headed national interests-based policy and builds stronger strategic ties with a wide range of countries including the United States and its allies in the region. The region is entering a potentially dangerous phase in U.S.–China relations. China’s rise needs to be managed not frustrated; balanced not contained. Constructing that balance and anchoring China in a new multi-polar strategic equilibrium in the Indo-Pacific is the big challenge of our time. More and more individual Southeast Asian countries are being pulled into China’s orbit: not with enthusiasm or conviction but because they see that the economic cost of opposing China’s agenda is too high. The United States is so far doing little to change this.

Strategic Asia 2013-14

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Publisher : NBR
ISBN 13 : 1939131286
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Asia 2013-14 by : Ashley J. Tellis

Download or read book Strategic Asia 2013-14 written by Ashley J. Tellis and published by NBR. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2013-14 Strategic Asia volume examines the role of nuclear weapons in the grand strategies of key Asian states and assesses the impact of these capabilities—both established and latent—on regional and international stability. In each chapter, a leading expert explores the historical, strategic, and political factors that drive a country's calculations vis-a-vis nuclear weapons and draws implications for American interests.

Indo-Pacific Empire

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Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526150778
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-Pacific Empire by : Rory Medcalf

Download or read book Indo-Pacific Empire written by Rory Medcalf and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains why the idea of the Indo-Pacific is so strategically important and concludes with a strategy designed to help the West engage with Chinese power in the region in such a way as to avoid conflict.

Contest for the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher : La Trobe University Press
ISBN 13 : 1743821042
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Contest for the Indo-Pacific by : Rory Medcalf

Download or read book Contest for the Indo-Pacific written by Rory Medcalf and published by La Trobe University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to the world's most contested region Updated edition covering the strategic impacts of Covid-19, China's economic coercion against Australia, the Afghanistan withdrawal, Joe Biden, the Quad and US-China rivalry. The Indo-Pacific is both a place and an idea. It is the region central to global prosperity and security. It is also a metaphor for collective action. If diplomacy fails, it will be the theatre of the first general war since 1945. But if its future can be secured, the Indo-Pacific will flourish as a shared space, the centre of gravity in a connected world. What we call different parts of the world - Asia, Europe, the Middle East - seems innocuous. But the name of a region is totemic- a mental map that guides the decisions of leaders and the story of international order, war and peace. In recent years, the label 'Indo-Pacific' has gained wide use, including among the leaders of the United States, India, Japan, Australia, Indonesia and France. But what does it really mean? Written by a recognised expert and regional policy insider, Contest for the Indo-Pacific is the definitive guide to tensions in the region. It deftly weaves together history, geopolitics, cartography, military strategy, economics, games and propaganda to address a vital question- how can China's dominance be prevented without war? 'The complexities of our region can easily bewilder those used to the Manichaean simplicity of the Cold War. Rory Medcalf's book is an elegant, keenly insightful tour of the Indo-Pacific's strategic horizon.' -Malcolm Turnbull

Indo-Pacific Strategies

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000537366
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Indo-Pacific Strategies by : Brendon J. Cannon

Download or read book Indo-Pacific Strategies written by Brendon J. Cannon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-01-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the Indo-Pacific region’s growing prominence as the world’s major powers gravitate toward this space to expand their influence. With dynamic shifts taking place in the globe’s most strategically volatile region, Indo-Pacific Strategies aims at clarifying the geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific, expounded both as a strategic concept and nascent region, thus contributing to the burgeoning policy and academic debate. The book offers indispensable insights and appropriate remedies to maintain the rules-based international order as threatened by China’s increasingly assertive and bellicose posturing. It offers up-to-date analyses of Covid-19-related geopolitical trends, the strategies of various Indo-Pacific states against the backdrop of great power competition, the increasingly confrontational stance of Indo-Pacific states against China and the 2020 US election results. This unique book presents deep insights into the roles of Eurasia, small island states, the Middle East and Africa, in addition to Australia, India, Japan and the US, thereby providing much needed comparative studies. It also closely investigates the strategic and tactical operationalization of the Indo-Pacific, making it an essential read for scholars, policymakers, students, and strategists in the field of international politics and Area Studies. Excerpt from the foreword by ABE Shinzō, (former) Prime Minister of Japan "I think this book is the timeliest attempt to bring together the wisdom of eleven people to present a multifaceted view of the FOIP [Free and Open Indo-Pacific]. As a reader, I would like to express my gratitude to the editors and contributors for their valuable intellectual contributions." See the preview function on this website to access the full text.

Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific

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Author :
Publisher : KW Publishers Pvt Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9385714481
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (857 download)

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Book Synopsis Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific by : Vice Admiral Pradeep Kaushiva

Download or read book Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific written by Vice Admiral Pradeep Kaushiva and published by KW Publishers Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2014-02-15 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the descriptive term ‘Indo-Pacific’ has entered the geo-strategic lexicon as a substitute for the more established expression ‘Asia-Pacific’. Defined as an integrated strategic system that best captures the shift in power and influence from the West to the East, the concept has dominated strategic debates and discussions, gaining rapidly in currency and acceptance. Popular though the term has become, its strategic context and underlying logic are still sharply contested. While proponents of the ‘Indo-Pacific’ advance compelling arguments in its favour, the debate over whether it is a valid construct, is not quite settled. Consequently, it is yet to gain full acceptance among regional analysts and policy makers who appear unsure about embracing the idea without any qualifying caveats. Even so, the Indo-Pacific has emerged as a significant strategic space and a theatre of great-power competition. From a maritime security perspective, its importance as a geo-economic hub is accentuated by the growing presence of non-traditional threats. Piracy, terrorism, gun running, illegal fishing, trafficking, global warming and natural disasters represent challenges to maritime security that are inherently transnational in nature – where dynamics in one part of the system influence events in another, necessitating coordinated security operations by maritime forces and strategic relationships between stakeholder states. Papers put together in this book seek to appraise the Indo-Pacific, by examining the concept holistically, deciphering the trends that impact maritime security in the region and identifying its emerging patterns. Apart from examining the inherent logic underpinning the concept, these provide perspectives on security in the Indo-Pacific region, evaluate the strategic implications of competition, conflict and instability in the region, and bring out the operational implications of using a frame of reference that combines two contiguous albeit disparate maritime theatres.

Strategic Balance in the Indo-Pacific Region

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Author :
Publisher : Vij Books India
ISBN 13 : 9789386457288
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (572 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Balance in the Indo-Pacific Region by : M. H. Rajesh

Download or read book Strategic Balance in the Indo-Pacific Region written by M. H. Rajesh and published by Vij Books India. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indo-Pacific Region is combination of Asia Pacific Region (APR) and Indian Ocean Region (IOR) connected by busy straits of Malacca, Sunda, Lombok and Makassar. The region encompasses almost half of the world population, a third of the top twenty economies, world GDP and exports. It is home to an enormously populous and diverse mix of ethnicities, cultures, political systems, religions and economies. As a confluence of two busy oceans, the region is the maritime highway of the world that combines emerging markets and resources of Asia and Africa with rest of the world. The Indo Pacific Region is the canvas of global power shift. While the US seeks to maintain a status quo in the world order and international system, China, on the other hand, asserts for recognition as a major power and strives to carve out its own sphere of influence. Russia, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia and the ASEAN countries have become important stakeholders in the balance of power in the Indo Pacific Region and pursue their core objectives through dynamic balancing of interests. This book brings together varying perspectives on security challenges, mapping of economic potential and proposing architectures for collective security and economic integration in the region.

The Routledge Handbook of US Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pacific

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000805131
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of US Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pacific by : Oliver Turner

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of US Foreign Policy in the Indo-Pacific written by Oliver Turner and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-30 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of US foreign policy throughout the Indo-Pacific. Home to around 60 percent of the world’s population; most of the world’s largest and fastest-growing economies; around half of the world’s states with full nuclear capabilities; and a complicated web of unresolved tensions, disputes, and conflicts, the Indo-Pacific is arguably the most diverse, dynamic, and contested region on Earth. US strategy there has evolved over centuries, with its physical presence going broadly unchallenged since at least the middle of the last century. However, the rapid development and expanding influence of China – alongside the growth of India, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and others – as well as political and economic crises and disruptions within the United States itself, mean that in recent times the US has come to occupy a newly uncertain position and perceive a range of highly unfamiliar challenges. To explore how the US has managed, and continues to manage, its regional history, and how it approaches the modern-day landscape of an Indo-Pacific only recently normalised within international political discourse, the book contains 33 newly commissioned chapters from leading experts in the field. It does so partly with help from the more traditional realms of International Relations theory as well as more critical realms. It also unpacks US policy and strategy as it pertains to regional governments, states, and multilateral institutions, as well as to pressing issues including inter-state security, human rights, trade, artificial intelligence, and cyber strategy. It does so in four parts: History of the US in the Indo-Pacific Theorising US Policy and Presence in the Indo-Pacific The US and Indo-Pacific States and Institutions The US and Indo-Pacific Issues The book is designed to be of interest to students and scholars of the US in the Indo-/Asia Pacific; the international relations of the Indo-/Asia Pacific; and US foreign policy.

Rise of the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789386618870
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Rise of the Indo-Pacific by : Chintamani Mahapatra

Download or read book Rise of the Indo-Pacific written by Chintamani Mahapatra and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new concept of `Indo-Pacific` has entered into the geopolitical discourse and the lexicon of International Relations. There is no unanimity of views on the definition of the emerging concept of Indo-Pacific. Yet, Indo-Pacific region as a new geopolitical concept appears to have come to stay. Three major developments have taken place in recent years leading to emergence of the concept of `Indo-Pacific` that does not replace but subsumes the geopolitical construct, hitherto known as the `Asia-Pacific`. The newest development, of course, is the rise of India as an economic powerhouse and influential political actor in world affairs, particularly in Asian affairs. Second most important development is China`s assertive foreign policy and use of military strength to assert its sovereignty on disputed islands in the South China Sea. The third important development is erosion of self-confidence of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that used to display its image as a triumphant political grouping in a region, despite diversity in terms of political system, economic philosophy, religious beliefs and socio-cultural traditions. The present book is a by-product of two days of intense deliberations among large number of scholars on various issues and challenges faced by the countries of the Indo-Pacific region. The book includes the perspectives of major powers in the Indo-Pacific, analyses critical regional security issues, such as sovereignty issues in South China Sea, the rise of QUAD, role of soft power, challenges to ASEAN centrality and regionalism, and examines the non-traditional security threats, such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, environmental degradation, drugs trafficking and health hazards.

Multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000627241
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific by : Swaran Singh

Download or read book Multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific written by Swaran Singh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on emerging new multilateralism in the Indo-Pacific and offers a useful analysis of various existing and evolving formulations and alignments in the region. The book problematises the evolution, relevance and changing contours of emerging economic and security architectures and connects these to various unilateral and multilateral initiatives that undergird the overall transformation in these economic and strategic multilaterals in this region. The chapters offer a comprehensive overview of organisations and institutions, and the contributors provide their historical background and contemporary focus with implications for the future. Consequently, the book provides a balanced assessment of evolving trends elucidated by both its theoretical debates and empirical analyses. It assesses the outline and influence of non-traditional threats that have received only stand-alone, and not integrated, examination involving issues as climate change, piracy, smuggling and terrorist activity, triggering a whole gamut of humanitarian and disaster relief strategies. Comprehensive in analysis and approach, the book will be of interest to scholars of Political Science, Foreign Policy, Security Studies, International Relations, International Political Economy and Area Studies, including Asian, East Asian or Indo-Pacific Studies.

Post-Ukraine Strategic Challenges in the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-Ukraine Strategic Challenges in the Indo-Pacific by : Ryan Clarke

Download or read book Post-Ukraine Strategic Challenges in the Indo-Pacific written by Ryan Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Powers, Norms, and Institutions

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538140209
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Powers, Norms, and Institutions by : Amy Searight

Download or read book Powers, Norms, and Institutions written by Amy Searight and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-10-15 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situated at the heart of the Indo-Pacific, Southeast Asia has, in recent years, become the bellwether for the region, including the future of democratic governance. External powers, including the United States and China, have ramped up engagement with Southeast Asia and now compete for influence in the region. Amid these geopolitical shifts, Southeast Asian perspectives on dynamics that will shape the future of the region more than ever before. In late 2019, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) conducted a survey of strategic elites in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand as well as Fiji to understand how the region views trends related to power, norms, and institutions. In early 2020, CSIS conducted extensive analysis of the survey data and convened a workshop in Sydney, Australia, to further examine the results with leading experts from the countries surveyed, as well as Australia and the United States. This report presents key findings from the survey and workshop on the strategic landscape in Southeast Asia and the future of power and influence and challenges faced by the region.

New Great Game in the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000600491
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis New Great Game in the Indo-Pacific by : Bawa Singh

Download or read book New Great Game in the Indo-Pacific written by Bawa Singh and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the emerging power dynamics in the Indo-Pacific region and locates India and its interests within the overarching geostrategic framework. With US and China emerging as leading players within the region, the book analyses the challenges to India’s foreign policy in the face of new alliances, counter-alliances, and great power equations that have formed after the Cold War. It discusses important issues such as China’s strategic forays in the Indian Ocean, the balance of power between countries, India’s Act East opportunities, Russia’s re-engagement in the region, the South China Sea dispute, India’s maritime strategy, and the conundrum of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue facing India. A comprehensive study of the changing geopolitical and geostrategic environment of the Indo-Pacific region, the book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of international relations, global politics, foreign policy, maritime studies, Chinese studies, South Asian studies, geopolitics, and strategic studies.

The "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" and Implications for ASEAN

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Author :
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN 13 : 9814818631
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis The "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" and Implications for ASEAN by : John Lee

Download or read book The "Free and Open Indo-Pacific" and Implications for ASEAN written by John Lee and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent times, the United States, Japan and Australia have all promoted extremely similar visions of a Free and Open Indo-Pacific as the central organizing concept to guide their efforts in the region. The concept is essentially a reaffirmation of the security and economic rules-based order which was cobbled together after the Second World War — especially as it relates to freedom of the regional and global commons such as sea, air and cyberspace, and the way nations conduct economic relations. Be that as it may, the Free and Open Indo-Pacific is an updated vision of collective action to defend, strengthen and advance that order. It signals a greater acceptance by the two regional allies of the U.S. of their security burden and takes into account the realities of China’s rise and the relative decline in dominance of the U.S. There are a number of noteworthy “updates” which include: • A deliberate move from “Asia-Pacific” to “Indo-Pacific” as the primary geo-strategic and geo-economic area of interest and responsibility for the three countries; • An increased emphasis on creating and sustaining a “balance of power” in favour of the rules-based order; and • A greater emphasis on the liberal aspects of a preferred order including the importance of rule-of-law and limitations on how governments wield their power, and greater separation of political and strategic objectives on one hand with commercial activities on the other. While operationalization of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific concept is at an early stage, trilateral strategic cooperation between the U.S., Japan and Australia is significant and quickly deepening. On the other hand, and with respect to misalignment and inconsistency, the economic policies of the Trump administration are causing considerable frustration. The three countries have also been strong supporters for the revival of the Quadrilateral grouping which also includes India. However, and notwithstanding some apprehension in Southeast Asia, about where the “Quad” is heading, the latter grouping is only still a fledgling one and its shape and development will depend on the extent to which the four countries become concerned about China’s activities in both Oceans. Finally, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and its member states continue to delay any definitive response to the Free and Open Indo-Pacific concept. Although its principles are attractive to many ASEAN member states, long-held conceptions of ASEAN centrality and its meaning gives the organization apparent reason for hesitation. The reasons include fears of diminished centrality and relevance, and reluctance to endorse a more confrontational mindset being adopted by the U.S. and its allies — including the revival of the Quadrilateral grouping with India — with respect to China. The reality is that while ASEAN and major member states are focused primarily on the risks of action, there are considerable risks of inaction and hesitation. The current era will either enhance or lessen the relevance of ASEAN in the eyes of these three countries in the years ahead depending on how the organisation and its key member states respond. Indeed, the paper argues that ASEAN is more likely to be left behind by strategic events and developments if it remains passive, and that the ball is in ASEAN’s court in terms of the future of its regional “centrality”.

Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137450304
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power by : B. Dessein

Download or read book Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power written by B. Dessein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection discusses China's contemporary national and international identity as evidenced in its geopolitical impact on the countries in its direct periphery and its functioning in organizations of global governance. This contemporary identity is assessed against the background of the country's Confucian and nationalist history.

Averting Crisis: American Strategy, Military Spending and Collective Defence in the Indo-Pacific

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Publisher : United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney
ISBN 13 : 1742104738
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Averting Crisis: American Strategy, Military Spending and Collective Defence in the Indo-Pacific by : Ashley Townshend

Download or read book Averting Crisis: American Strategy, Military Spending and Collective Defence in the Indo-Pacific written by Ashley Townshend and published by United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. This book was released on 2019-08-19 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America no longer enjoys military primacy in the Indo-Pacific and its capacity to uphold a favourable balance of power is increasingly uncertain. The combined effect of ongoing wars in the Middle East, budget austerity, underinvestment in advanced military capabilities and the scale of America’s liberal order-building agenda has left the US armed forces ill-prepared for great power competition in the Indo-Pacific. America’s 2018 National Defense Strategy aims to address this crisis of strategic insolvency by tasking the Joint Force to prepare for one great power war, rather than multiple smaller conflicts, and urging the military to prioritise requirements for deterrence vis-à-vis China. Chinese counter-intervention systems have undermined America’s ability to project power into the Indo-Pacific, raising the risk that China could use limited force to achieve a fait accompli victory before America can respond; and challenging US security guarantees in the process. For America, denying this kind of aggression places a premium on advanced military assets, enhanced posture arrangements, new operational concepts and other costly changes. While the Pentagon is trying to focus on these challenges, an outdated superpower mindset in the foreign policy establishment is likely to limit Washington’s ability to scale back other global commitments or make the strategic trade-offs required to succeed in the Indo-Pacific. Over the next decade, the US defence budget is unlikely to meet the needs of the National Defense Strategy owing to a combination of political, fiscal and internal pressures. The US defence budget has been subjected to nearly a decade of delayed and unpredictable funding. Repeated failures by Congress to pass regular and sustained budgets has hindered the Pentagon’s ability to effectively allocate resources and plan over the long term. Growing partisanship and ideological polarisation — within and between both major parties in Congress — will make consensus on federal spending priorities hard to achieve. Lawmakers are likely to continue reaching political compromises over America’s national defence at the expense of its strategic objectives. America faces growing deficits and rising levels of public debt; and political action to rectify these challenges has so far been sluggish. If current trends persist, a shrinking portion of the federal budget will be available for defence, constraining budget top lines into the future. Above-inflation growth in key accounts within the defence budget — such as operations and maintenance — will leave the Pentagon with fewer resources to grow the military and acquire new weapons systems. Every year it becomes more expensive to maintain the same sized military. America has an atrophying force that is not sufficiently ready, equipped or postured for great power competition in the Indo-Pacific — a challenge it is working hard to address. Twenty years of near-continuous combat and budget instability has eroded the readiness of key elements in the US Air Force, Navy, Army and Marine Corps. Military accidents have risen, aging equipment is being used beyond its lifespan and training has been cut. Some readiness levels across the Joint Force are improving, but structural challenges remain. Military platforms built in the 1980s are becoming harder and more costly to maintain; while many systems designed for great power conflict were curtailed in the 2000s to make way for the force requirements of Middle Eastern wars — leading to stretched capacity and overuse. The military is beginning to field and experiment with next-generation capabilities. But the deferment or cancellation of new weapons programs over the last few decades has created a backlog of simultaneous modernisation priorities that will likely outstrip budget capacity. Many US and allied operating bases in the Indo-Pacific are exposed to possible Chinese missile attack and lack hardened infrastructure. Forward deployed munitions and supplies are not set to wartime requirements and, concerningly, America’s logistics capability has steeply declined. New operational concepts and novel capabilities are being tested in the Indo-Pacific with an eye towards denying and blunting Chinese aggression. Some services, like the Marine Corps, plan extensive reforms away from counterinsurgency and towards sea control and denial. A strategy of collective defence is fast becoming necessary as a way of offsetting shortfalls in America’s regional military power and holding the line against rising Chinese strength. To advance this approach, Australia should: Pursue capability aggregation and collective deterrence with capable regional allies and partners, including the United States and Japan. Reform US-Australia alliance coordination mechanisms to focus on strengthening regional deterrence objectives. Rebalance Australian defence resources from the Middle East to the Indo-Pacific. Establish new, and expand existing, high-end military exercises with allies and partners to develop and demonstrate new operational concepts for Indo-Pacific contingencies. Acquire robust land-based strike and denial capabilities. Improve regional posture, infrastructure and networked logistics, including in northern Australia. Increase stockpiles and create sovereign capabilities in the storage and production of precision munitions, fuel and other materiel necessary for sustained high-end conflict. Establish an Indo-Pacific Security Workshop to drive US-allied joint operational concept development. Advance joint experimental research and development projects aimed at improving the cost-capability curve.