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The Impact Of Wto Membership
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Book Synopsis China and the Challenge of Economic Globalization by : Hung-Gay Fung
Download or read book China and the Challenge of Economic Globalization written by Hung-Gay Fung and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China emerged as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the fifth largest trading nation in the world in 2002. China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) represents a huge stride forward in its reform efforts. These reforms include liberalization and modernization of China’s economy (in industrial, services, and agricultural sectors) and trading activities. China’s growing economy, its international trade, and its large inward FDI have significantly affected the growth of global trade, the distribution of global direct investments, and the pace of expansion of global output. There is no other country in history, as a WTO member, to have achieved such expansion in a comparable time period. China is expected to be influential in future rounds of WTO trade negotiations. As the only major trading nation that is not classified as an advanced industrial economy, China is bringing an unparalleled perspective to the negotiations and exerting its power on matters important to its trade. China, as a new WTO member, is posing momentous opportunities and challenges to the United States and other countries. A study of the Chinese economy after entering the WTO should be of importance to practitioners, scholars, and policymakers because of China’s vast size, its rapid growth in foreign trade and FDI inflows, and the unprecedented speed of its integration into the world economy. The high quality of the chapters within this volume and their authors’ expertise unite to make this book a most timely contribution to our understanding of China’s rapidly changing economy and its transformation toward globalization after entering the WTO. This volume is divided into four parts. The first part deals with economic performance after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization. The second part relates to the WTO and China’s economic welfare. The third part deals with China’s financial reforms and capital markets, and the last part discusses China’s industrial and agricultural development. In total, we have eighteen chapters that will shed light on the Chinese economy and the challenges posed by WTO membership.
Book Synopsis The Impact of WTO Membership by : Anastasia S. Loginova
Download or read book The Impact of WTO Membership written by Anastasia S. Loginova and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What lessons can be learnt from the accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) of Russia, China, and Ukraine? Were there any peculiarities in the adaptation of their economies to the rules and norms of the organisation, and what impact did it have on the world trade system? This detailed, systematic, and comparative analysis of the social and economic impact of the accession of these countries to the WTO addresses these questions, presenting an economic and legal analysis of the reasons and consequences of their joining the WTO. Comparative legal and economic methods are used to explore the social and economic causes and consequences of membership for post-communist states and to suggest ways in which new members can adapt to WTO standards. This work will be of interest to experts and students in the fields of economics, jurisprudence, and customs affairs.
Book Synopsis Most-favoured-nation Treatment by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Most-favoured-nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Book Synopsis The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly by : Mr.Arvind Subramanian
Download or read book The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly written by Mr.Arvind Subramanian and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-09-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper furnishes robust evidence that the GATT/WTO has had a powerful and positive impact on trade. The impact has, however, been uneven. GATT/WTO membership for industrial countries has been associated with a large increase in imports estimated at about 40 percent of world trade. The same has not been true for developing country members, although those that joined after the Uruguay Round have benefited from increased imports. Similarly, there have been asymmetric effects among sectors, with WTO membership associated with substantially greater imports in sectors where barriers are low. These results are consistent with the history and design of the institution, which presided over significant trade liberalization by the industrial countries except in sectors such as food and clothing; largely exempted developing countries from the obligations to liberalize under the principle of special and differential treatment; but attempted to redress the latter by imposing greater obligations on developing country members that joined after the Uruguay Round.
Book Synopsis China and the WTO by : Petros C. Mavroidis
Download or read book China and the WTO written by Petros C. Mavroidis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 was hailed as the natural conclusion of a long march that started with the reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping in the 1970s. However, China's participation in the WTO since joining has been anything but smooth, and its self-proclaimed "socialist market economy" system has alienated many of its global trading partners - as recent tensions with the United States exemplify. Prevailing diplomatic attitudes tend to focus on two diametrically opposing approaches to dealing with the emerging problems: the first is to demand that China completely overhaul its economic regime; the second is to stay idle and accept that the WTO must accommodate different economic regimes, no matter how idiosyncratic and incompatible. In this book, Mavroidis and Sapir propose a third approach. They point out that, while the WTO (as well as its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT]) has previously managed the accession of socialist countries or of big trading nations, it has never before dealt with a country as large or as powerful as China. Therefore, in order to simultaneously uphold its core principles and accommodate China's unique geopolitical position, the authors argue that the WTO needs to translate some of its implicit legal understanding into explicit treaty language. Focusing on two core complaints - that Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) benefit from unfair trade advantages, and that domestic companies (both private as well as SOEs) impose forced technology transfer on foreign companies as a condition for accessing the Chinese market - they lay out their specific proposals for successful legislative amendment"--.
Book Synopsis Accession to the WTO for developing countries. Strategies for gaining maximum benefits by : Tewachew Alem
Download or read book Accession to the WTO for developing countries. Strategies for gaining maximum benefits written by Tewachew Alem and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: A, Bahria University (School of Law), language: English, abstract: The objective of this paper is to present a survey of trade issues in WTO membership from the perspective of developing countries putting Ethiopia in focus. Developing countries are a large percentage of the World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, in which Ethiopia is on process of acquiring membership. Trade liberalization may be unilateral, bilateral, sub-regional or multilateral. The end of the cold war has witnessed an increasingly growing wave of unilateral trade liberalization accompanied by a regulatory framework that facilitates and enhances the momentum. Although the impact of unilateral trade liberalization undertaken in many countries including Ethiopia deserves discussion, the theme of this article has necessitated focus on multilateral trade liberalization under the WTO system. As LDC, Ethiopia is likely to be given some flexibility in assuming liberalization commitments. However, it will be asked to agree to some threshold of liberalization, and it is important for Ethiopia to be prepared to undertake commitments and develop a negotiation strategy that protects its interests. In addition, to respond effectively to the requests of WTO members, it is indispensable for the government of Ethiopia to have thorough information and analyze the potential consequences of liberalization. This term paper has three main parts in which the first part will discuss about trade liberalization with its justification and protectionism and its effects on economic development. The second part of the paper will focus on the opportunities and challenges of WTO membership to developing countries. In this part the consequences of the WTO membership of the developing countries will be analyzed in terms of its benefits and harms. The third part of the paper deals with the necessary precautions the developing countries are required to take before joining the WTO. In this part, the role of the WTO in helping the developing countries not to be affected negatively by becoming a member; necessary development level countries are required to attain before joining the WTO; and necessary measures to be undertaken during negotiation process not to take a commitment which will be against the national interest of the country. The fourth part deals on the Ethiopia WTO accession and assess the experience of WTO accessed least developing countries. Finally, the conclusion and recommendation with lessen to Ethiopia addressed.
Book Synopsis Blame it on the WTO? by : Sarah Joseph
Download or read book Blame it on the WTO? written by Sarah Joseph and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WTO is often accused of not paying enough attention to human rights. This book weighs these criticisms and examines their validity, both from a legal and from political and economic points of views. It asks whether the WTO is under an obligation to construct a fairer trade system and discusses suggestions for reform.
Book Synopsis Handbook on China's Wto Accession and Its Impacts by : Cheong Ching
Download or read book Handbook on China's Wto Accession and Its Impacts written by Cheong Ching and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook highlights the important commitments that China has made to the international community and analyzes the potential impact of such commitments on China. Part I of the book outlines China's commitments to convert her economy from a centrally planned one to a free market one as far as cross-border movement of goods, services and personnel is concerned. It reproduces China's commitments in a tabular format to facilitate reading, and is supplemented with brief references to WTO regulations where appropriate so that readers get to know how China's commitments relate to WTO obligations. Part II examines the impacts of China's WTO membership as a whole and on her specific economic sectors. Part III consists of tables and figures selected from a report compiled by the US General Accounting Office, presenting some of the Office's analysis and findings of China's commitments on WTO accession. Appendix 1 lists all the legal instruments pertaining to China's accession to the WTO.
Book Synopsis Ukraine’s WTO Accession by : Ihor Burakovsky
Download or read book Ukraine’s WTO Accession written by Ihor Burakovsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the domestic and economic policy challenges and opportunities that Ukraine faces in light of accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). The country is politically committed to becoming a member. Experienced policy makers, international experts and scientists present their views on the country's path towards WTO membership. The contributors draw conclusions from previous accessions to WTO and discuss important aspects of institution building and the implementation of regulatory rules and their costs. Further, they argue that the country, which has an extremely high export-to-GDP ratio of over 60% (almost twice as high as Germany), needs to develop a coherent and WTO-compatible national trade policy. As the analysis shows, trade related policies are highly affected by WTO membership and Ukrainian competition and agricultural policies will need to become more market economy oriented. Still further, the text demonstrates that Ukraine is not likely to enjoy the full benefits of membership unless it pursues market oriented structural reforms. TOC:Part I: Accession to the WTO: Ukraine's Political Commitment.- Part II: Assessing Implications of WTO Membership.- Part III: WTO Membership and Implications for Competition Policy.- Part IV: WTO Membership and Implications for Agricultural Policy.
Author :World Trade Organization. China Round Table Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1107174473 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (71 download)
Book Synopsis African Perspectives on Trade and the WTO by : World Trade Organization. China Round Table
Download or read book African Perspectives on Trade and the WTO written by World Trade Organization. China Round Table and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twenty-first-century Africa is in a process of dynamic economic transformation. However, challenges remain in areas such as structural reform, governance, market turbulence, commodity pricing, and geopolitics. There is a critical need for African economies to assess growth models and strategies to foster increased, sustained, and inclusive growth. The book contributes to contemporary debate on key questions facing the continent, such as: How can Africa achieve deeper integration into the rules-based multilateral trading system and the global economy? What approaches and next steps are possible, according to economic and trade policymakers? What supportive roles can multilateral and regional institutions play? This volume is a product of the Fourth China Round Table, which took place during the WTO's Tenth Ministerial Conference, held in Kenya in December 2015. Supported by independent expert analyses, the book proposes a range of African perspectives on the role of trade, the WTO, and its future agenda.
Book Synopsis Vietnam's Transforming Economy & WTO Accession by : Kym Anderson
Download or read book Vietnam's Transforming Economy & WTO Accession written by Kym Anderson and published by Institute of Southeast Asian. This book was released on 1999 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unilateral and regional ASEAN and now APEC) trade and investment liberalizations pursued by Vietnam during recent years have begun transforming the economy. The next logical step is to join the World Trade Organization, an application for which was submitted in 1995. The WTO legal bindings will give traders and investors increased confidence in the reform programme. This book outlines what the WTO accession process involves, what policies Vietnam will have to change, and what the economic effects will be, particularly on rural development.
Download or read book Understanding the WTO written by and published by World Trade Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia by : World Trade Organization
Download or read book Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia written by World Trade Organization and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Employment Impact of China's WTO Accession by : A. S. Bhalla
Download or read book The Employment Impact of China's WTO Accession written by A. S. Bhalla and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-11-20 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explores the macroeconomic and sectoral employment implications (in agriculture, industry and services) of China's World Trade Organisation accession. It argues that while short-run employment losses may occur, in the longer term China will be able to generate additional employment particularly in the tertiary sectors; and that it can maintain its comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports by relocating production from high-cost coastal areas to the hinterland with abundant supply of cheap labour. It also argues that, although China is likely to benefit in the long run, in the short and medium term China is likely to face enormous problems, including increased unemployment as weaker links cease to be protected by tariffs, and the problem of restructuring state-owned enterprises.
Book Synopsis Assessing the World Trade Organization by : Manfred Elsig
Download or read book Assessing the World Trade Organization written by Manfred Elsig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges our understanding of the true role and impact of the World Trade Organization.
Book Synopsis Post-WTO economic effects on state-owned enterprises in China by : Ben Beiske
Download or read book Post-WTO economic effects on state-owned enterprises in China written by Ben Beiske and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2003-10-21 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The importance of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) for international free trade today has enticed China to join the WTO in December 2001. The significance of WTO membership for China cannot be underestimated, inevitably speeding up much-needed economic reform in the country. The gradual transition from a planned- to a market-economy is expected to continue in the future. The severity of the impacts for the economy will depend on how successful China is in providing policies that will assist the nation in the major adjustment problems that it faces in the future. The expected, actual, and needed implications for China s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) resulting from WTO membership will be investigated in detail; in the process, the significance of SOEs to the Chinese economy will be highlighted. SOEs are mostly ill- prepared for a post-WTO China, and the dismal state of these companies has already led to the decline of market share in the past decade. For the future, the retreat of the state is likely to continue. The main implications for SOEs from China s WTO membership are seen in the areas of competitiveness, corporate governance, privatisation, mergers and acquisitions, property rights, unemployment, and attracting and retaining qualified personnel. This dissertation offers one of the first detailed insights into the challenges facing China s SOEs today and the implications of China s WTO membership for these companies, while also highlighting the areas that require future attention. The understanding of the role and meaning of SOEs for the Chinese economy is of immense importance for foreign investors wanting to invest in the country, already cooperating with China s SOEs, or looking into the possibility of such. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Table of Contents II.LIST OF TABLESIV III.LIST OF FIGURESV IV.GLOSSARYVI 1.INTRODUCTION1 1.1AIM &OBJECTIVES2 1.2OVERALL RESEARCH APPROACH3 1.3STRUCTURE OF THE DISSERTATION3 2.THE WTO & FREE TRADE4 2.1CHAPTER INTRODUCTION4 2.2THE WTO4 2.2.1UNDERSTANDING THE WTO4 2.2.2THE STRUCTURE &WORKING OF THE WTO7 2.2.3SIGNIFICANCE OF JOINING THE WTO13 2.3CHAPTER CONCLUSION16 3.CHINA & THE WTO18 3.1CHAPTER INTRODUCTION18 3.2CHINA S LONG MARCH TO WTO MEMBERSHIP18 3.2.1PROLONGED DIFFICULTIES19 3.2.2FINAL ACCESSION21 3.3CHAPTER CONCLUSION22 4.METHODOLOGY23 4.1CHAPTER INTRODUCTION23 4.2OVERALL RESEARCH APPROACH23 4.2.1OBJECTIVITY, VALIDITY & [...]
Book Synopsis In Search of WTO Trade Effects by : Theo S. Eicher
Download or read book In Search of WTO Trade Effects written by Theo S. Eicher and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-02-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The literature measuring the impact of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTA) and WTO membership on trade flows has produced remarkably diverse results. Rose's (2004) seminal paper reports a range of specifications that show no WTO effects, but Subramanian and Wei (2007) contend that he does not fully control for multilateral resistance (which could bias WTO estimates). Subramanian and Wei (2007) address multilateral resistance comprehensively to report strong WTO trade effects for industrialized countries but do not account for unobserved bilateral heterogeneity (which could inflate WTO estimates). We unify these two approaches by accounting for both multilateral resistance and unobserved bilateral heterogeneity, while also allowing for individual trade effects of PTAs. WTO effects vanish and remain insignificant throughout once multilateral resistance, unobserved bilateral heterogeneity, and individual PTA effects are introduced. The result is robust to the use of alternative definitions and coding conventions for WTO membership that have been employed by Rose (2004), Tomz et al. (2007), or by Subramanian and Wei's (2007).
