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The Impact Of Physical Education On Obesity Among Elementary School Children
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Book Synopsis The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children by : John H. Cawley
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John H. Cawley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children by : John Horan Cawley (Jr.)
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Obesity Among Elementary School Children written by John Horan Cawley (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the dramatic rise in childhood obesity, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and other organizations have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However, little is known about the effect of PE on child weight. This paper measures that effect by instrumenting for child PE time with state policies, using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K) for 1998-2004. Results from IV models indicate that PE lowers BMI z-score and reduces the probability of obesity among 5th graders (in particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This represents some of the first evidence of a causal effect of PE on youth obesity, and thus offers at least some support to the assumptions behind the CDC recommendations. We find no evidence that increased PE time crowds out time in academic courses or has spillovers to achievement test scores.
Author :Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309283140 Total Pages :503 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (92 download)
Book Synopsis Educating the Student Body by : Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Book Synopsis Educating the Student Body by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Educating the Student Body written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-30 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Book Synopsis Preventing Childhood Obesity by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children by : Nicholas V. Cascarelli (Jr.)
Download or read book The Impact of Physical Education on Childhood Obesity in Ohio School Children written by Nicholas V. Cascarelli (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health problem over the past 35 years. According to the Surgeon General report on Childhood Obesity from 2010, obesity that starts in childhood or adolescence creates greater risk for adult health problems such as heart disease, arthritis, stroke, and cancer. The literature shows that childhood obesity increases most rapidly during the early elementary school years. While obesity and its etiology are certainly multifaceted, at best, several studies have linked many social and environmental determinants of health. The research has shown strong links to factors such as socioeconomic status, the community type, and amount of physical activity through organized curriculum, intervention, and recess. The sample was a systematic stratified random sample of Ohio schools that reported their 3rd grade BMI scores for 2009-2010 school year to the Ohio Department of Health. The sample included 25 schools and 1,006 students. Those schools selected were contacted via phone to ask how many minutes per week schools allocated to physical education in grades K-3, and how many minutes per day was allotted for recess in grades K-3. Other data in the data set were the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch; the school building academic performance designations were acquired from the Ohio Department of Education. Zero-order Correlations were run for all variables. Those that were significantly correlated to BMI percentile adjusted for age and sex correlations were selected to run sequential multiple linear regression. Those variables were minutes of daily recess in the third grade, children receiving free or reduced lunch and the type of community. There were two sets of regression analyses. The first set was run at the student level. The first model at the student level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.011, F(3, 1001) = 3.726, p = 0.011. Model two at the student level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.009, F(2,1003) = 4.481, p =.012. When this regression was run at the school level, neither regression was significant. The first model at the school level, with the all three independent variables, resulted in an R2; = 0.304, F(3, 21) = 3.058, p = 0.051. Model two, run at the school level, with the subtraction of the Community Type variable, revealed a less powerful R2; = 0.198, F(2,22) = 2.715, p =.088. These results suggest that the model run at the student level accounts for approximately 1% of the variation in BMI; the model run at the school level was not a significant predictor of the variance. While the model included for Ohio students did not indicate a strong predictor for childhood obesity, schools can play a significant role in the childhood obesity issue.
Book Synopsis The Significance of Physical Activity and Obesity in Elementary School Children by : Kris D. Hoffman
Download or read book The Significance of Physical Activity and Obesity in Elementary School Children written by Kris D. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies have shown that decreased physical activity in elementary school aged children during recess and physical education classes increase the alarming growing obesity rate. There's a childhood obesity crisis in the country, and there is no lack of reasons: progressively sedentary lifestyles motivated by video games, television and computers; a fast-food culture in which soda machines and greasy cafeteria food are abundant in kids' lives; and deteriorating chances for exercise, predominantly during the school day (Fainaru-Wada, 2009). About thirty years ago, children were approximately 5% obese, now the percentage has increased to 16-18%. Childhood obesity and lack of exercise is leading to multiple co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, neuropathy, hyperlipidemia, bone and joint problems, stroke, cancers, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems during adulthood (CDC, 2013). Implementing of educational interventions and moderate, vigorous physical activity during recess and physical education elementary school years would theoretically reduce obesity in children, which could potentially lessen co-morbidities, therefore, would ideally decrease the cost of health care. Initial proposals for the physical activity increase would be made to the administrators of the school, board of directors, teachers, staff members and parents via a power point, lecture and educational handouts on obesity. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by school nurses and physical education teachers and presented in monthly meetings during the school year. Evaluation of the physical activity and potential decreasing weights of children will be conducted by parents via questionnaires. Dissemination of the proposed plan will be discussed and changed according to the results and opinions of the key stakeholders.
Download or read book Weight Bias written by Kelly D. Brownell and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-08-24 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrimination based on body shape and size remains commonplace in today's society. This important volume explores the nature, causes, and consequences of weight bias and presents a range of approaches to combat it. Leading psychologists, health professionals, attorneys, and advocates cover such critical topics as the barriers facing obese adults and children in health care, work, and school settings; how to conceptualize and measure weight-related stigmatization; theories on how stigma develops; the impact on self-esteem and health, quite apart from the physiological effects of obesity; and strategies for reducing prejudice and bringing about systemic change.
Book Synopsis Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity by : National Research Council
Download or read book Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of childhood obesity is so high in the United States that it may reduce the life expectancy of today's generation of children. While parents and other adult caregivers play a fundamental role in teaching children about healthy behaviors, even the most positive efforts can be undermined by local environments that are poorly suited to supporting healthy behaviors. For example, many communities lack ready sources of healthy food choices, such as supermarkets and grocery stores. Or they may not provide safe places for children to walk or play. In such communities, even the most motivated child or adolescent may find it difficult to act in healthy ways. Local governments-with jurisdiction over many aspects of land use, food marketing, community planning, transportation, health and nutrition programs, and other community issues-are ideally positioned to promote behaviors that will help children and adolescents reach and maintain healthy weights. Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity presents a number of recommendations that touch on the vital role of government actions on all levels-federal, state, and local-in childhood obesity prevention. The book offers healthy eating and physical activity strategies for local governments to consider, making it an excellent resource for mayors, managers, commissioners, council members, county board members, and administrators.
Book Synopsis Health and Physical Education for Elementary Classroom Teachers by : Retta R. Evans
Download or read book Health and Physical Education for Elementary Classroom Teachers written by Retta R. Evans and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2021-02-23 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In elementary schools across the United States, many teachers tasked with teaching health education or physical education have not had training in these areas. Health and Physical Education for Elementary Classroom Teachers: An Integrated Approach, Second Edition, is the perfect resource for these educators. It covers both health and physical education while giving current and preservice teachers the skills to deliver appropriate lessons to their young students. In this second edition, Retta Evans and Sandra Sims, respected educators and physical education advocates, provide everything teachers need in order to seamlessly incorporate health education and physical education into an integrated curriculum. Based on national health education, physical education, and state-specific academic standards, this is a guide that will help teachers empower elementary students to become healthy and active. A new chapter dedicated to contextual considerations of the learner will guide teachers to better understand factors that may affect learning and give them ideas for changing students’ health behaviors. The new edition’s ancillary products, offered through HKPropel, allow teachers to put concepts from the text into use with their students. Instructor ancillaries include the following: Sample syllabus Chapter resources, including an overview, outline, and review questions with answers Approximately 25 chapter questions, using various levels of Webb’s depth of knowledge framework, to help in creating quick assessments of student learning or in building custom tests Approximately 200 slides to reinforce key points Also new to this edition are related student resources delivered through HKPropel, which include lab exercises that allow education students to practice the material they are learning and design their own standards-based lesson plans that integrate health and physical education. Learning activities and key terms with definitions align with each chapter in the text. The resources also include sample integrated activity plans for each of the five physical education standards and each of the eight health education standards. Health and Physical Education for Elementary Classroom Teachers is organized into two parts. Part I focuses on the foundational knowledge needed for teaching health and physical education. It addresses risky behaviors relevant to today’s generation of students, the impact of children’s physical growth on learning and decision making, and the characteristics and benefits of a high-quality physical education program. It also includes the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model as a way to facilitate school-wide collaboration that connects education to wellness. Part II emphasizes the strategies necessary for incorporating health, physical education, and physical activity into the curriculum and school day. It discusses how teachers can become advocates of healthy and active schools, identify habits that promote everyday health in the classroom, and incorporate physical activity and the national standards into each school day. It also presents teaching methods, assessment tools, and evaluation strategies to ensure teaching success. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.
Book Synopsis Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-08 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1980, childhood obesity rates have more than tripled in the United States. Recent data show that almost one-third of children over 2 years of age are already overweight or obese. While the prevalence of childhood obesity appears to have plateaued in recent years, the magnitude of the problem remains unsustainably high and represents an enormous public health concern. All options for addressing the childhood obesity epidemic must therefore be explored. In the United States, legal approaches have successfully reduced other threats to public health, such as the lack of passive restraints in automobiles and the use of tobacco. The question then arises of whether laws, regulations, and litigation can likewise be used to change practices and policies that contribute to obesity. On October 21, 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop to bring together stakeholders to discuss the current and future legal strategies aimed at combating childhood obesity. Legal Strategies in Childhood Obesity Prevention summarizes the proceedings of that workshop. The report examines the challenges involved in implementing public health initiatives by using legal strategies to elicit change. It also discusses circumstances in which legal strategies are needed and effective. This workshop was created only to explore the boundaries of potential legal approaches to address childhood obesity, and therefore, does not contain recommendations for the use of such approaches.
Book Synopsis Energy Balance and Obesity by : Isabelle Romieu
Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.
Book Synopsis The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation, 2010 by :
Download or read book The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation, 2010 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 2001 Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity, former Surgeon General David Satcher, MD, PhD, warned of the negative effects of the increasing weight of American citizens and outlined a public health response to reverse the trend. The Surgeon General plans to strengthen and expand this blueprint for action created by her predecessor. Although the country has made some strides since 2001, the prevalence of obesity, obesity-related diseases, and premature death remains too high.
Book Synopsis Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas summarizes the information gathered at a workshop held February 5-6, 2009, in Austin, Texas. At this workshop, committee members met with Texas lawmakers, public officials, and community leaders to exchange ideas and to view first-hand strategies that are being implemented effectively at the state and local levels to prevent and reverse childhood obesity. Texas leaders at the workshop expressed the strong belief that the state's economic vitality and security depend on the health of its population. Accordingly, the state is no longer simply describing the personal, community, and financial costs of its obesity crisis; it is taking proactive steps to address the problem through strategic initiatives. An overarching strategy is to address obesity by targeting the state's youth, in whom it may be possible to instill healthy behaviors and lifestyles to last a lifetime. A guiding principle of these efforts is that they should be evidence based, community specific, sustainable, cost-effective, and supported by effective partnerships. Moreover, the goal is for the responsibility to be broadly shared by individuals, families, communities, and the public and private sectors.
Book Synopsis Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity in Elementary School Children by : Jiying Ling
Download or read book Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Physical Activity in Elementary School Children written by Jiying Ling and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Childhood obesity has become a national public health crisis in America. Physical activity has been shown to be one key for controlling childhood obesity, but little is known about the mediators and moderators in physical activity promotion models. In particular, the immediate time afterschool provides an important opportunity for children to be active, only 20% of their afterschool time is used for physical activity. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to explore the psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity, and to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants (physical activity self-efficacy, physical activity enjoyment, perceived parental influence, and perceived environment) of physical activity, among elementary school children attending afterschool programs, Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design was used to explore the determinants of physical activity in 133 children enrolled in afterschool programs. In addition, a pretest-posttest study was conducted to examine the influence of wearing pedometers on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity among a subsample of 50 randomly selected children. Children's physical activity levels were assessed by a seven-day recall scale, and seven consecutive days' pedometer steps. Results: Approximately 49% of the children were overweight or obese, but only 13% of the children met national physical activity recommendations. Overweight or obese children took fewer pedometer steps than non-overweight children, and pedometer steps were negatively related to children's BMI. Wearing pedometers did not have a significant influence on the hypothesized determinants of physical activity. No evidence of the reactivity of wearing pedometers was found. Perceived parental influence partially mediated the relationships of physical activity self-efficacy and physical activity enjoyment with physical activity. For self-reported physical activity levels, physical activity enjoyment had the strongest effect on physical activity followed by physical activity self-efficacy. Perceived parental influence had the strongest effect on physical activity measured by pedometers. Conclusions: Pedometers are a reliable measurement instrument to assess elementary school children's physical activity. Perceived parental influence has the primary effect on children's self-reported physical activity levels and number of pedometer steps. Future physical activity interventions should target parental influence to improve children's physical activity levels and control childhood obesity.
Book Synopsis ACTIVE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL? AN ANALYSIS OF STATE PHYSICAL EDUCATION LAWS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT by : Ingrid L. Stegemoeller
Download or read book ACTIVE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL? AN ANALYSIS OF STATE PHYSICAL EDUCATION LAWS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT written by Ingrid L. Stegemoeller and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity in the United States has become a growing concern for policymakers, teachers, public health officials and parents in recent years. As leaders continue to look for ways to manage the costs and myriad challenges associated with this public health problem, educators are increasingly turning to physical education (PE) in schools as a potential solution. For decision makers interested in enacting policies that allocate more time to PE classes (thereby taking time away from traditional subjects such as mathematics and reading), studies that examine the relationship between PE class time and student academic achievement will be helpful. Using state-level panel data to estimate Ordinary Least Squares regression models with state and year fixed effects, this paper studies whether state laws addressing PE time requirements for elementary school students are related to average state mathematics test scores for fourth graders. This analysis finds no evidence of such a relationship. These results might help to reassure policymakers that students' classroom performance, at a minimum, does not appear to suffer as a result of policies addressing time spent in PE.
Book Synopsis Eat Well & Keep Moving by : Lilian W. Y. Cheung
Download or read book Eat Well & Keep Moving written by Lilian W. Y. Cheung and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2007 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This curriculum programme is for teachers of children in the nine to 10 years group. It shows how to instruct students about nutrition and fitness, and how to get support from school catering staff, fellow teachers and community members.
