The Illusion of Us

Download The Illusion of Us PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781518671067
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion of Us by : Matthew LaCroix

Download or read book The Illusion of Us written by Matthew LaCroix and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Second Edition of The Illusion of Us, we travel down the rabbit hole of knowledge to uncover the secrets behind consciousness and the intelligent design behind reality itself. How did we become so lost and disconnected to the world and universe around us? Perhaps the answer can be found by understanding our multidimensional consciousness and true identity. Could humanity have complete amnesia of a past Golden Age due to cataclysms on Earth which wiped out most of the evidence from a lost time period? The renowned philosopher Plato leaves behind compelling evidence for this theory in both the Timaeus and Critias, linking the lost civilization of Atlantis and its destruction. It's time to finally discover all that we have forgotten and piece together the incredible history that preceded us. Were the gods of mankind simply myth or are we missing an important piece of the puzzle that connects all the way back to the stars... From the guarded writings of the Nag Hammadi Library to the cuneiform tablets of the Enuma Elish and Atrahasis, The Illusion of Us connects the entire story and provides a way to free the shackles from Darwin's Cave. The truth will set you free.

Empire of Illusion

Download Empire of Illusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Knopf Canada
ISBN 13 : 0307398587
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Empire of Illusion by : Chris Hedges

Download or read book Empire of Illusion written by Chris Hedges and published by Knopf Canada. This book was released on 2009-07-28 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulitzer prize–winner Chris Hedges charts the dramatic and disturbing rise of a post-literate society that craves fantasy, ecstasy and illusion. Chris Hedges argues that we now live in two societies: One, the minority, functions in a print-based, literate world, that can cope with complexity and can separate illusion from truth. The other, a growing majority, is retreating from a reality-based world into one of false certainty and magic. In this “other society,” serious film and theatre, as well as newspapers and books, are being pushed to the margins. In the tradition of Christopher Lasch’s The Culture of Narcissism and Neil Postman’s Amusing Ourselves to Death, Hedges navigates this culture — attending WWF contests as well as Ivy League graduation ceremonies — exposing an age of terrifying decline and heightened self-delusion.

The Illusion of Conscious Will

Download The Illusion of Conscious Will PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262290553
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion of Conscious Will by : Daniel M. Wegner

Download or read book The Illusion of Conscious Will written by Daniel M. Wegner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-08-11 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel contribution to the age-old debate about free will versus determinism. Do we consciously cause our actions, or do they happen to us? Philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, theologians, and lawyers have long debated the existence of free will versus determinism. In this book Daniel Wegner offers a novel understanding of the issue. Like actions, he argues, the feeling of conscious will is created by the mind and brain. Yet if psychological and neural mechanisms are responsible for all human behavior, how could we have conscious will? The feeling of conscious will, Wegner shows, helps us to appreciate and remember our authorship of the things our minds and bodies do. Yes, we feel that we consciously will our actions, Wegner says, but at the same time, our actions happen to us. Although conscious will is an illusion, it serves as a guide to understanding ourselves and to developing a sense of responsibility and morality. Approaching conscious will as a topic of psychological study, Wegner examines the issue from a variety of angles. He looks at illusions of the will—those cases where people feel that they are willing an act that they are not doing or, conversely, are not willing an act that they in fact are doing. He explores conscious will in hypnosis, Ouija board spelling, automatic writing, and facilitated communication, as well as in such phenomena as spirit possession, dissociative identity disorder, and trance channeling. The result is a book that sidesteps endless debates to focus, more fruitfully, on the impact on our lives of the illusion of conscious will.

Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility

Download Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 073917732X
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility by : Gregg D. Caruso

Download or read book Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility written by Gregg D. Caruso and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-07-05 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the Illusion of Free Will and Moral Responsibility investigates the philosophical and scientific arguments for free will skepticism and their implications. Skepticism about free will and moral responsibility has been on the rise in recent years. In fact, a significant number of philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists now either doubt or outright deny the existence of free will and/or moral responsibility—and the list of prominent skeptics appears to grow by the day. Given the profound importance that the concepts of free will and moral responsibility hold in our lives—in understanding ourselves, society, and the law—it is important that we explore what is behind this new wave of skepticism. It is also important that we explore the potential consequences of skepticism for ourselves and society. Edited by Gregg D. Caruso, this collection of new essays brings together an internationally recognized line-up of contributors, most of whom hold skeptical positions of some sort, to display and explore the leading arguments for free will skepticism and to debate their implications.

The Self Illusion

Download The Self Illusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199969892
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Self Illusion by : Bruce Hood

Download or read book The Self Illusion written by Bruce Hood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us believe that we are unique and coherent individuals, but are we? The idea of a "self" has existed ever since humans began to live in groups and become sociable. Those who embrace the self as an individual in the West, or a member of the group in the East, feel fulfilled and purposeful. This experience seems incredibly real but a wealth of recent scientific evidence reveals that this notion of the independent, coherent self is an illusion - it is not what it seems. Reality as we perceive it is not something that objectively exists, but something that our brains construct from moment to moment, interpreting, summarizing, and substituting information along the way. Like a science fiction movie, we are living in a matrix that is our mind. In The Self Illusion, Dr. Bruce Hood reveals how the self emerges during childhood and how the architecture of the developing brain enables us to become social animals dependent on each other. He explains that self is the product of our relationships and interactions with others, and it exists only in our brains. The author argues, however, that though the self is an illusion, it is one that humans cannot live without. But things are changing as our technology develops and shapes society. The social bonds and relationships that used to take time and effort to form are now undergoing a revolution as we start to put our self online. Social networking activities such as blogging, Facebook, Linkedin and Twitter threaten to change the way we behave. Social networking is fast becoming socialization on steroids. The speed and ease at which we can form alliances and relationships is outstripping the same selection processes that shaped our self prior to the internet era. This book ventures into unchartered territory to explain how the idea of the self will never be the same again in the online social world.

The Knowledge Illusion

Download The Knowledge Illusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0399184341
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (991 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Knowledge Illusion by : Steven Sloman

Download or read book The Knowledge Illusion written by Steven Sloman and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The Knowledge Illusion is filled with insights on how we should deal with our individual ignorance and collective wisdom.” —Steven Pinker We all think we know more than we actually do. Humans have built hugely complex societies and technologies, but most of us don’t even know how a pen or a toilet works. How have we achieved so much despite understanding so little? Cognitive scientists Steven Sloman and Philip Fernbach argue that we survive and thrive despite our mental shortcomings because we live in a rich community of knowledge. The key to our intelligence lies in the people and things around us. We’re constantly drawing on information and expertise stored outside our heads: in our bodies, our environment, our possessions, and the community with which we interact—and usually we don’t even realize we’re doing it. The human mind is both brilliant and pathetic. We have mastered fire, created democratic institutions, stood on the moon, and sequenced our genome. And yet each of us is error prone, sometimes irrational, and often ignorant. The fundamentally communal nature of intelligence and knowledge explains why we often assume we know more than we really do, why political opinions and false beliefs are so hard to change, and why individual-oriented approaches to education and management frequently fail. But our collaborative minds also enable us to do amazing things. The Knowledge Illusion contends that true genius can be found in the ways we create intelligence using the community around us.

The Illusion Of Us

Download The Illusion Of Us PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion Of Us by : Krista Lastella

Download or read book The Illusion Of Us written by Krista Lastella and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "The Illusion of Us," Ava and Ethan are the embodiment of a perfect love story. Celebrating six years of shared laughter, love, and dreams, they stand on the brink of a blissful future, their wedding just around the corner. Ava's heart is full; her life with Ethan is everything she ever wanted. But in an instant, the world as Ava knows it comes crashing down. A single conversation, accidentally overheard, threatens to shatter her happily ever after. Ethan, in a moment of unguarded honesty with his friend, expresses deep regrets about their relationship, confessing that waking up next to Ava feels like a torture, not the blessing it seemed. Faced with this painful revelation, Ava stands at a life-altering crossroads. Will she confront the painful truth and watch her dream crumble? Or will she cling to the remnants of what they had, hoping it's enough?

The Stage of Time

Download The Stage of Time PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578554938
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (549 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Stage of Time by : Matthew R LaCroix

Download or read book The Stage of Time written by Matthew R LaCroix and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stage of Time will bring you through an adventurous exploration into understanding the secrets of consciousness, ancient history, and the very nature of reality itself. Be prepared to question the world you live in and everything you thought you knew about the universe, human origins, and the lost civilizations of the past. Discover thought-bending evidence from some of the oldest text ever written and learn the reasons why their content eventually became suppressed and hidden from most of society. Conspiracy theories or conspiracy facts, you decide what's real based on the evidence. Once you read The Stage of Time, your perspective on reality may never be quite the same way again. This book includes: -Details about the ancient civilizations that once existed around the world and the events which led to their disappearance. -Translations from ancient texts that include: The Atrahasis, Enuma Elish, Sumerian King List, Eridu Genesis, Code of Hammurabi, Emerald Tablets, and more. -The eagle and the serpent, cataclysms during the last ice age, and the influences of the Anunnaki. -Secrets of consciousness, reincarnation, spirituality, and sentient life in the universe.

The Grand Illusion

Download The Grand Illusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780646973357
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (733 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Grand Illusion by : Brendan D Murphy

Download or read book The Grand Illusion written by Brendan D Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grand Illusion synthesizes the best consciousness research with decades of cutting-edge discovery and hard science, empowering you with an intelligent new paradigm and new direction for humanity. This acclaimed book destroys the materialist notion of humans as "meat computers" and lays the foundation for a scientifically-based metaphysics.

The Age of Illusions

Download The Age of Illusions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Metropolitan Books
ISBN 13 : 1250175097
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Age of Illusions by : Andrew Bacevich

Download or read book The Age of Illusions written by Andrew Bacevich and published by Metropolitan Books. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thought-provoking and penetrating account of the post-Cold war follies and delusions that culminated in the age of Donald Trump from the bestselling author of The Limits of Power. When the Cold War ended with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Washington establishment felt it had prevailed in a world-historical struggle. Our side had won, a verdict that was both decisive and irreversible. For the world’s “indispensable nation,” its “sole superpower,” the future looked very bright. History, having brought the United States to the very summit of power and prestige, had validated American-style liberal democratic capitalism as universally applicable. In the decades to come, Americans would put that claim to the test. They would embrace the promise of globalization as a source of unprecedented wealth while embarking on wide-ranging military campaigns to suppress disorder and enforce American values abroad, confident in the ability of U.S. forces to defeat any foe. Meanwhile, they placed all their bets on the White House to deliver on the promise of their Cold War triumph: unequaled prosperity, lasting peace, and absolute freedom. In The Age of Illusions, bestselling author Andrew Bacevich takes us from that moment of seemingly ultimate victory to the age of Trump, telling an epic tale of folly and delusion. Writing with his usual eloquence and vast knowledge, he explains how, within a quarter of a century, the United States ended up with gaping inequality, permanent war, moral confusion, and an increasingly angry and alienated population, as well, of course, as the strangest president in American history.

The Illusion of Control

Download The Illusion of Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815702870
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion of Control by : Seyom Brown

Download or read book The Illusion of Control written by Seyom Brown and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-05-26 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This provocative book assesses the implications of a disturbing trend in U.S. security policy: an increased willingness to use military force as an instrument of diplomacy. In The Illusion of Control, Seyom Brown shows how U.S. officials are relying on force to counter a wide range of threats to America's global interests—eclipsing previous strategies that restricted the use of military force to situations in which the country's vital interests were at stake. Brown points out that a disposition to employ military power broadly as an instrument of diplomacy was on the rise well before September 11, 2001— and it shows every sign of persisting into the future. While resorting to force may seem to be a reliable way to establish control over a disorderly world, Brown cautions that expecting to gain and maintain control through military prowess could turn out to be a dangerous illusion. In fact, employing new military technologies in an effort to control international terrorist activities, wars, and civil conflicts is likely to pull the United States into excessive commitments and imprudent action. Brown analyzes the growing willingness of U.S. government officials to use force, then critically assesses the strategic, political, and moral implications for the United States. Adapting traditional "just war" concepts to contemporary strategic, political, and technological realities, he offers a set of guidelines to help ensure that use-of-force decisions are approached with the judicious care and gravity they warrant.

The Illusion of God's Presence

Download The Illusion of God's Presence PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 : 1633880745
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion of God's Presence by : John C. Wathey

Download or read book The Illusion of God's Presence written by John C. Wathey and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2016 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential feature of religious experience across many cultures is the intuitive feeling of God's presence. More than any rituals or doctrines, it is this experience that anchors religious faith, yet it has been largely ignored in the scientific literature on religion.Starting with a vivid narrative account of the life-threatening hike that triggered his own mystical experience, biologist John Wathey takes the reader on a scientific journey to find the sources of religious feeling and the illusion of God's presence. His book delves into the biological origins of this compelling feeling, attributing it to innate neural circuitry that evolved to promote the mother-child bond. Dr. Wathey argues that evolution has programmed the infant brain to expect the presence of a loving being who responds to the child's needs. As the infant grows into adulthood, this innate feeling is eventually transferred to the realm of religion, where it is reactivated through the symbols, imagery, and rituals of worship. The author interprets our various conceptions of God in biological terms as illusory supernormal stimuli that fill an emotional and cognitive vacuum left over from infancy. These insights shed new light on some of the most vexing puzzles of religion, like the popular belief in a god who is judgmental and punishing, yet also unconditionally loving; the extraordinary tenacity of faith; the greater religiosity of women relative to men; religious obsessions with sex; the mysterious compulsion to pray; the seemingly irrepressible feminine attributes of God, even in traditionally patriarchal religions; and the strange allure of cults. Finally, Dr. Wathey considers the hypothesis that religion evolved to foster reproductive success, arguing that, in an age of potentially ruinous overpopulation, magical thinking has become a luxury we can no longer afford, one that distracts us from urgent threats to our planet.Deeply researched yet elegantly written in a jargon-free and accessible style, this book presents a compelling interpretation of the evolutionary origins of spirituality and religion.

The Last Illusion

Download The Last Illusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1620403048
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Last Illusion by : Porochista Khakpour

Download or read book The Last Illusion written by Porochista Khakpour and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-05-13 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A kaleidoscopic tale inspired by a legend from the medieval Persian epic "Book of Kings" follows the coming-of-age of a feral Middle Eastern youth in New York City on the eve of the September 11 attacks. By the award-winning author of Sons and Other Flammable Objects. 25,000 first printing.

The Illusion of Separateness

Download The Illusion of Separateness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062112260
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (621 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion of Separateness by : Simon Van Booy

Download or read book The Illusion of Separateness written by Simon Van Booy and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2013-06-11 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The uncanny beauty of Van Booy’s prose, and his ability to knife straight to the depths of a character’s heart, fill a reader with wonder.” — San Francisco Chronicle Award-winning author Simon Van Booy tells a harrowing and enchanting story of how one man’s act of mercy during World War II changed the lives of strangers, and how they each discover the astonishing truth of their connection. The characters in Van Booy's The Illusion of Separateness discover at their darkest moments of fear and isolation that they are not alone, that they were never alone, that every human being is a link in a chain we cannot see. This gripping novel—inspired by true events—tells the interwoven stories of a deformed German infantryman; a lonely British film director; a young, blind museum curator; two Jewish American newlyweds separated by war; and a caretaker at a retirement home for actors in Santa Monica. They move through the same world but fail to perceive their connections until, through seemingly random acts of selflessness, a veil is lifted to reveal the vital parts they have played in one another's lives, and the illusion of their separateness.

The Illusion Of Victory

Download The Illusion Of Victory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hachette UK
ISBN 13 : 0786724986
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Illusion Of Victory by : Thomas Fleming

Download or read book The Illusion Of Victory written by Thomas Fleming and published by Hachette UK. This book was released on 2008-08-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political history of the American experience in World War I is a story of conflict and bungled intentions that begins in an era dedicated to progressive social reform and ends in the Red Scare and Prohibition. Thomas Fleming tells this story through the complex figure of Woodrow Wilson, the contradictory president who wept after declaring war, devastated because he knew it would destroy the tolerance of the American people, but who then suppressed freedom of speech and used propaganda to excite America into a Hun-hating mob. This is tragic history: inexperienced American military leaders drove their troops into gruesome slaughters; progressive politics were put on hold in America; an idealistic president's dreams were crushed because of his own negligence. Wilson's inability to convince Congress to ratify U.S. membership in the League of Nations was one of the most poignant failures in the history of the American presidency, but even more heartrending were Wilson's concessions to his bitter allies in the Treaty of Versailles. In exchange for Allied support of the League of Nations, he allowed an unfair peace treaty to be signed, a treaty that played no small role in the rise of National Socialism and the outbreak of World War II. Thomas Fleming has once again created a masterpiece of narrative American history. This incomparable portrait shows how Wilson sacrificed his noble vision to megalomania and single-mindedness, while paying homage to him as a visionary whose honorable spirit continues to influence Western politics.

From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds

Download From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393242080
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (932 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds by : Daniel C. Dennett

Download or read book From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds written by Daniel C. Dennett and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A supremely enjoyable, intoxicating work." —Nature How did we come to have minds? For centuries, poets, philosophers, psychologists, and physicists have wondered how the human mind developed its unrivaled abilities. Disciples of Darwin have explained how natural selection produced plants, but what about the human mind? In From Bacteria to Bach and Back, Daniel C. Dennett builds on recent discoveries from biology and computer science to show, step by step, how a comprehending mind could in fact have arisen from a mindless process of natural selection. A crucial shift occurred when humans developed the ability to share memes, or ways of doing things not based in genetic instinct. Competition among memes produced thinking tools powerful enough that our minds don’t just perceive and react, they create and comprehend. An agenda-setting book for a new generation of philosophers and scientists, From Bacteria to Bach and Back will delight and entertain all those curious about how the mind works.

Citizen Spectator

Download Citizen Spectator PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 080783890X
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Citizen Spectator by : Wendy Bellion

Download or read book Citizen Spectator written by Wendy Bellion and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-12-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this richly illustrated study, the first book-length exploration of illusionistic art in the early United States, Wendy Bellion investigates Americans' experiences with material forms of visual deception and argues that encounters with illusory art shaped their understanding of knowledge, representation, and subjectivity between 1790 and 1825. Focusing on the work of the well-known Peale family and their Philadelphia Museum, as well as other Philadelphians, Bellion explores the range of illusions encountered in public spaces, from trompe l'oeil paintings and drawings at art exhibitions to ephemeral displays of phantasmagoria, "Invisible Ladies," and other spectacles of deception. Bellion reconstructs the elite and vernacular sites where such art and objects appeared and argues that early national exhibitions doubled as spaces of citizen formation. Within a post-Revolutionary culture troubled by the social and political consequences of deception, keen perception signified able citizenship. Setting illusions into dialogue with Enlightenment cultures of science, print, politics, and the senses, Citizen Spectator demonstrates that pictorial and optical illusions functioned to cultivate but also to confound discernment. Bellion reveals the equivocal nature of illusion during the early republic, mapping its changing forms and functions, and uncovers surprising links between early American art, culture, and citizenship.