The Hyksos Enigma Volume Ii

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The Hyksos Enigma, Volume II

Author : Ernest Bumann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783447115049
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hyksos Enigma, Volume II by : Ernest Bumann

Download or read book The Hyksos Enigma, Volume II written by Ernest Bumann and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the Early Bronze Age, people were clearly on the move, settlements were abandoned and the reasons for this phenomenon, either political, economic, ecological or social in nature, are partly still mysterious. Although differentiated regional clusters are in many cases still not easy to pinpoint, it becomes clear that the "Greater Levantine Area" was, despite all differences, embedded into networks of interregional connectivity most likely sustained by trade relations. At Tell el-Dabʻa/Avaris, a major harbour town and trade centre in the Middle Bronze Age, it is not astonishing that diverse foreign contacts to different regions throughout the Levant can be established in the material culture. Concerning the origin of the inhabitants of Avaris, the current research seems to point to a provenance, at least of the elite, the "decision makers", to northernmost Syria and northern Mesopotamia as shown by comparable religious and funerary concepts. This volume comprises the collected papers of two workshops organised by the ERC Advanced Grant: "The Enigma of the Hyksos" under the direction of Manfred Bietak during the ASOR Conference held in Boston in November 2017 and the ICAANE Conference held in Munich in April 2018. They specifically aimed to gain a better understanding of the Western Asiatic populations settling in the eastern Delta of Egypt from the late Middle Kingdom to the early New Kingdom. Of particular interest are their exact origins and ways of migration that can be explored by means of different comparative cultural studies as well as bio-archaeological approaches.

The Enigma of the Hyksos: Transforming Egypt into the new kingdom : the impact of the Hyskos and Egyptian-Near Eastern relations

Author : Manfred Bietak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enigma of the Hyksos: Transforming Egypt into the new kingdom : the impact of the Hyskos and Egyptian-Near Eastern relations by : Manfred Bietak

Download or read book The Enigma of the Hyksos: Transforming Egypt into the new kingdom : the impact of the Hyskos and Egyptian-Near Eastern relations written by Manfred Bietak and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the Early Bronze Age, people were clearly on the move, settlements were abandoned and the reasons for this phenomenon, either political, economic, ecological or social in nature, are partly still mysterious. Although differentiated regional clusters are in many cases still not easy to pinpoint, it becomes clear that the "Greater Levantine Area" was, despite all differences, embedded into networks of interregional connectivity most likely sustained by trade relations. At Tell el-Dabʻa/Avaris, a major harbour town and trade centre in the Middle Bronze Age, it is not astonishing that diverse foreign contacts to different regions throughout the Levant can be established in the material culture. Concerning the origin of the inhabitants of Avaris, the current research seems to point to a provenance, at least of the elite, the "decision makers", to northernmost Syria and northern Mesopotamia as shown by comparable religious and funerary concepts. This volume comprises the collected papers of two workshops organised by the ERC Advanced Grant: "The Enigma of the Hyksos" under the direction of Manfred Bietak during the ASOR Conference held in Boston in November 2017 and the ICAANE Conference held in Munich in April 2018. They specifically aimed to gain a better understanding of the Western Asiatic populations settling in the eastern Delta of Egypt from the late Middle Kingdom to the early New Kingdom. Of particular interest are their exact origins and ways of migration that can be explored by means of different comparative cultural studies as well as bio-archaeological approaches.

The Enigma of the Hyksos: ASOR Conference Boston 2017 ; ICAANE Conference Munich 2018 - collected papers

Author : Manfred Bietak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enigma of the Hyksos: ASOR Conference Boston 2017 ; ICAANE Conference Munich 2018 - collected papers by : Manfred Bietak

Download or read book The Enigma of the Hyksos: ASOR Conference Boston 2017 ; ICAANE Conference Munich 2018 - collected papers written by Manfred Bietak and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the end of the Early Bronze Age, people were clearly on the move, settlements were abandoned and the reasons for this phenomenon, either political, economic, ecological or social in nature, are partly still mysterious. Although differentiated regional clusters are in many cases still not easy to pinpoint, it becomes clear that the "Greater Levantine Area" was, despite all differences, embedded into networks of interregional connectivity most likely sustained by trade relations. At Tell el-Dabʻa/Avaris, a major harbour town and trade centre in the Middle Bronze Age, it is not astonishing that diverse foreign contacts to different regions throughout the Levant can be established in the material culture. Concerning the origin of the inhabitants of Avaris, the current research seems to point to a provenance, at least of the elite, the "decision makers", to northernmost Syria and northern Mesopotamia as shown by comparable religious and funerary concepts. This volume comprises the collected papers of two workshops organised by the ERC Advanced Grant: "The Enigma of the Hyksos" under the direction of Manfred Bietak during the ASOR Conference held in Boston in November 2017 and the ICAANE Conference held in Munich in April 2018. They specifically aimed to gain a better understanding of the Western Asiatic populations settling in the eastern Delta of Egypt from the late Middle Kingdom to the early New Kingdom. Of particular interest are their exact origins and ways of migration that can be explored by means of different comparative cultural studies as well as bio-archaeological approaches.

The Bloomsbury Handbook of Material Religion in the Ancient Near East and Egypt

Author : Nicola Laneri
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350280836
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bloomsbury Handbook of Material Religion in the Ancient Near East and Egypt by : Nicola Laneri

Download or read book The Bloomsbury Handbook of Material Religion in the Ancient Near East and Egypt written by Nicola Laneri and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions spanning from the Neolithic Age to the Iron Age, this book offers important insights into the religions and ritual practices in ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern communities through the lenses of their material remains. The book begins with a theoretical introduction to the concept of material religion and features editor introductions to each of its six parts, which tackle the following themes: the human body; religious architecture; the written word; sacred images; the spirituality of animals; and the sacred role of the landscape. Illustrated with over 100 images, chapters provide insight into every element of religion and materiality, from the largest building to the smallest amulet. This is a benchmark work for further studies on material religion in the ancient Near East and Egypt.

The Enigma of the Hyksos. Volume III

Author : Silvia Prell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783447117067
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enigma of the Hyksos. Volume III by : Silvia Prell

Download or read book The Enigma of the Hyksos. Volume III written by Silvia Prell and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Im spaten Mittleren Reich und der 2. Zwischenzeit wurde die Bevolkerung Agyptens mit zwei vormals unbekannten Phanomenen konfrontiert: zum einen mit der Ansiedlung einer nicht unbedeutenden Anzahl von asiatischen Migranten im ostlichen Nildelta und zum anderen der daraus resultierenden Herrschaft zweier ausla?ndischer Dynastien, den Vorgangern der Hyksos (14. Dynastie) und den Hyksos selbst (15. Dynastie), die den Norden des Landes und den Handel mit der Levante ca. 200 Jahre kontrollierten. Nach Agypten waren diese Einwanderer gewiss mit Billigung der agyptischen Krone gekommen, um eine hybride agypto-levantinische Kultur in einem bedeutenden Handelszentrum seiner Zeit, Tell el-Dabca/Avaris, zu erschaffen. Den archaologischen Relikten zufolge, hatten diese Zuwanderer ihre Wurzeln im Nahen Osten, auch wenn ihre genaue geographische Herkunft und ihre kulturelle und "ethnische Identitat" immer noch Gegenstand aktueller Forschung sind. In dieser Publikation, die im Rahmen des ERC Advanced Grants "The Enigma of the Hyksos" unter der Leitung von Manfred Bietak entstanden ist, wird speziell untersucht, inwiefern fremde Bestattungssitten, die in der Mittleren Bronzezeit im Ostdelta Agyptens zu fassen sind (die Beigabe von Waffen, Eseln, Capriden, der Fakt, dass die Bestattungen innerhalb der Siedlung vorgenommen wurden, sowie mo?gliche Gefolgschaftsbestattungen), zur Erhellung der immer noch offenen Frage nach der genauen Herkunft der Zuwanderer beitragen ko?nnen.

The Enigma of the Hyksos Vol. II

Author : Anna-Latifa Mourad
Publisher : Harrassowitz
ISBN 13 : 9783447115902
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (159 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enigma of the Hyksos Vol. II by : Anna-Latifa Mourad

Download or read book The Enigma of the Hyksos Vol. II written by Anna-Latifa Mourad and published by Harrassowitz. This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Egypt's New Kingdom emerged from a period of regionalisation, when local communities had developed according to different trajectories that gave rise to diverse socio-cultural transformations. Dynamic and multifaceted, these processes involved a range of internal and external forces, some of which were influenced by cultural encounters. Indeed, those with the 'rulers of foreign lands', the Hyksos, have been commonly associated with the introduction of a host of ideas and entities into Egypt. However, the validity and extent of the impact of the Hyksos on the New Kingdom remain insufficiently addressed. Anna-Latifa Mourad explores these points of enquiry, but also expands its analysis in line with current theoretical understandings on the complexity of cultural encounters. Her study ascertains whether and how consistent Egyptian-Near Eastern encounters in the Middle Bronze Age influenced New Kingdom society, and culture. By assessing a range of archaeological, artistic, and textual material, it clarifies contexts of encounters as well as interrelated agents and mechanisms, questioning the fate of those ruled by the Hyksos. It elucidates the tangible and intangible effects of contact on historical, socio-political, religious, and technological developments, revealing how, amid the many processes of negotiation and change, elements from the Near East seeped into the dynamic and complex socio-cultural framework of Egypt, as it irreversibly transformed into the New Kingdom.

Ancient Israel in Egypt

Author : Daniel Tompsett
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1666741582
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Israel in Egypt by : Daniel Tompsett

Download or read book Ancient Israel in Egypt written by Daniel Tompsett and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks back over thousands of years to explore the period in Egyptian history when the Bible identifies that Ancient Israel was resident in Egypt. It asks and answers one very simple question: What new things can we learn about this period of history if we treat the Bible as a valid historical document? Whereas this topic is often approached from either the perspective of the Bible or Egyptology, this work genuinely attempts to occupy the ground between the two. It uses Scripture like a torch carried into the deepest recesses of the established historical facts and theories concerning the late Middle Kingdom period, the Second Intermediate period, and the early New Kingdom period in Egyptian history. Along the way, it considers some of the latest discoveries, innovations, and theories from the world of Egyptology and unearths a trove of tangible points of connection. As such, the narrative forms a two-way perspective, where the biblical account illuminates stubbornly opaque moments in Egyptian history and chronology and where the meticulous work of Egyptologists provides appropriate additional background to the Bible. The result is a sharper perspective of an ancient account that has a surprisingly current application for us all.

The Enigma of the Hyksos

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enigma of the Hyksos by :

Download or read book The Enigma of the Hyksos written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Hyksos

Author : John Van Seters
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1725228041
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (252 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hyksos by : John Van Seters

Download or read book The Hyksos written by John Van Seters and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hyksos, foreign rulers of Egypt in the Second Intermediate Period--from about 1700 to 1550 B.C.--have been a source of continuing debate among archaeologists and historians. Mr. Van Seters approaches the problems of their rise to power, their dynasties, the nature of their rule, and their religion from the joint perspectives of archaeology and literary criticism. Archaeological investigation shows the Middle Bronze culture of Syria-Palestine to have had highly developed fortifications, advanced urban life, fine buildings and temples, and a high quality of practical and artistic craftsmanship. Based on a revised date for the long-known The Admonitions of Ipuwer, this study offers a fresh explanation of the Hyksos' rise to power. A new examination of the location of Avaris, their capital, indicates that the previous identification with Tanis must give way to the region near Qantir. The Hyksos were not Hurrians or Indo-Aryans, but Ammurite princes who rose to power in Egypt following the dynastic weaknesses at the end of the Middle Kingdom.

“And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12)

Author : Erez Ben-Yosef
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031273303
Total Pages : 1956 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis “And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12) by : Erez Ben-Yosef

Download or read book “And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12) written by Erez Ben-Yosef and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-02 with total page 1956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book presents cutting-edge archaeological research, primarily as practiced in the Eastern Mediterranean region. These volumes’ key foci are inspired by the work of Thomas E. Levy. Volume 1 provides an in-depth look at new archaeological research in the southern Levant (primarily in modern Israel and Jordan) inspired by Levy’s commitment to understanding social, political, and economic processes in a long-term or “deep time” perspective. Volume 2 focuses on new research in several key areas of 21st century anthropological archaeology and archaeological science. Volume 1 is organized around two major themes: 1) the later prehistory of the southern Levant, or the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Bronze Age, and 2) new research in biblical archaeology, or the historical archaeology of the Iron Age. Each section contains a combination of new perspectives on key debates and studies introducing new research questions and directions. Volume 2 is organized around five major themes: 1) the archaeology of the Faynan copper ore district of southern Jordan, a key region for archaeometallurgical research in West Asia where Levy conducted field research for over a decade, 2) new research in archaeometallurgy beyond the Faynan region, 3) marine and maritime archaeology, focusing on issues of trade and environmental change, 4) cyber-archaeology, an important 21st century field Levy conceived as “the marriage of archaeology, engineering, computer science, and the natural sciences,” and 5) key issues in anthropological archaeological theory. In addition to presenting the reader with an up-to-date view of research in each of these areas, the volume also has chapters exploring the connections between these themes, e.g. the maritime trade of metals and cyber-/digital archaeological approaches to metallurgy. The work contains contributions from both up-and-coming early career researchers and key established figures in their fields. This book is an essential reference for archaeologists and scholars in related disciplines working in the southern Levant and the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt

Author : Wolfram Grajetzki
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350455555
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt by : Wolfram Grajetzki

Download or read book The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt written by Wolfram Grajetzki and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-05-16 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the ancient Egyptians, the Middle Kingdom (c. 2000-1700 BC) was a classical period of art, history and literature. The Twelfth Dynasty was one of the strongest ever to rule on the banks of the Nile: some of its kings were later worshipped as local gods, and were made famous by classical Greek authors. Yet Egyptologists tend not to look beyond the extraordinary royal sculpture and literary masterpieces of the time. Although the picture is fragmentary, as with any archaeological record, the last two hundred years of exploration and excavation have revealed much of the splendour of the period. This book examines the evidence for the culture, history and society of both central and provincial Egypt at the time, revealing the wealth of the entire country. In this second edition, Wolfram Grajetzki incorporates recent discoveries, discussions and publications which have emerged over the intervening fifteen years, including new excavation reports for the mastabas at Lisht and excavations at Abydos. Too often overshadowed by the better-preserved architecture of other periods, Middle Kingdom Egypt emerges for the reader as a fascinating age in its own right.

The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East

Author : Karen Radner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190687592
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East by : Karen Radner

Download or read book The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East written by Karen Radner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking, five-volume series offers a comprehensive, fully illustrated history of Egypt and Western Asia (the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Iran), from the emergence of complex states to the conquest of Alexander the Great. Written by a diverse, international team of leading scholars whose expertise brings to life the people, places, and times of the remote past, the volumes in this series focus firmly on the political and social histories of the states and communities of the ancient Near East. Individual chapters present the key textual and material sources underpinning the historical reconstruction, paying particular attention to the most recent archaeological finds and their impact on our historical understanding of the periods surveyed. The second volume covers broadly the first half of the second millennium BC or in archaeological terms, the Middle Bronze Age. Eleven chapters present the history of the Near East, beginning with the First Intermediate Period and Middle Kingdom Egypt and the Mesopotamian kingdoms of Ur (Third Dynasty), Isin and Larsa. The complex mosaic of competing states that arose between the Eastern Mediterranean, the Anatolian highlands and the Zagros mountains of Iran are all treated, culminating in an examination of the kingdom of Babylon founded by Hammurabi and maintained by his successors. Beyond the narrative history of each region considered, the volume treats a wide range of critical topics, including the absolute chronology; state formation and disintegration; the role of kingship, cult practice and material culture in the creation and maintenance of social hierarchies; and long-distance trade-both terrestrial and maritime-as a vital factor in the creation of social, political and economic networks that bridged deserts, oceans, and mountain ranges, binding together the extraordinarily diverse peoples and polities of Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, and Central Asia.

From House Societies to States

Author : Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia
Publisher : Oxbow Books
ISBN 13 : 1789258634
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis From House Societies to States by : Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia

Download or read book From House Societies to States written by Juan Carlos Moreno Garcia and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The organization and characteristics of early and ancient states have become the focus of a renewed interest from archaeologists, ancient historians and anthropologists in recent years. On the one hand, neo-evolutionary schemas of political transformation find it difficult to define some of their most basic concepts, such as ‘chiefdom’, ‘complex chiefdom’ and ‘state’, not to mention the transition between them. On the other hand, teleological interpretations based on linear dynamics, from less to increasingly more complex political structures, in successive steps, impose biased and too rigid views on the available evidence. In fact, recent research stresses the existence of other forms of socio-political organization, less vertically integrated and more heterarchical, that proved highly successful and resilient in the long term in tying together social groups. What is more, such forms quite often represented the basic blocks on which states were built and that managed to survive once states collapsed. Finally, nomadic, maritime and mountain populations provide fascinating examples of societies that experienced alternative forms of political organization, sometimes on a seasonal basis. In other cases, their consideration as ‘marginal’ populations that cultivated specialized skills ensured them a certain degree of autonomy when living either within or at the borders of states. This book explores such small-scale socio-political organizations, their potential and the historical trajectories they stimulated. A selection of historical case studies from different regions of the world may help rethink current concepts and views about the emergence and organization of political complexity and the mechanisms that prevented, occasionally, the emergence of solid polities. They may also cast some light over trajectories of historical transformation, still poorly understood as are the limits of effective state power. This book explores the importance of comparative research and long-term historical perspectives to avoid simplistic interpretations, based on the characteristics of modern Western states abusively used retrospectively.

Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt

Author : Morris L. Bierbrier
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538157500
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt by : Morris L. Bierbrier

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt written by Morris L. Bierbrier and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, Third Edition covers the whole range of the history of ancient Egypt from the Prehistoric Period until the end of Roman rule in Egypt based on the latest information provided by academic scholars and archaeologists. This is done through a revised introduction on the history of ancient Egypt, the dictionary section has over 1,000 dictionary entries on historical figures, geographical locations, important institutions and other facets of ancient Egyptian civilization. This is followed by two appendices one of which is a chronological table of Egyptian rulers and governors and the other a list of all known museums which contain ancient Egyptian objects. The volume ends with a detailed bibliography of Egyptian historical periods, archaeological sites, general topics such as pyramids, languages and arts and crafts and the publications of Egyptian material in museums throughout the world.

Rise of the Hyksos

Author : Anna-Latifa Mourad
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784911348
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis Rise of the Hyksos by : Anna-Latifa Mourad

Download or read book Rise of the Hyksos written by Anna-Latifa Mourad and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2015-10-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manetho's obscure reference to a race of invaders has been a constant source of debate and controversy. This book assesses the rise to power of the Hyksos, exploring the preliminary stages that enabled them to gain control over a portion of Egyptian territory and thus to merit a small mention in Manetho's history.

The Scepter of Egypt

Author : William C. Hayes
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 9780300091601
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Scepter of Egypt by : William C. Hayes

Download or read book The Scepter of Egypt written by William C. Hayes and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 1990-09-01 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed history of the art and civilization of ancient Egypt is an indispensable guide through the Museum's comprehensive holdings.

A Rosetta Key For History

Author : Michael A. Susko
Publisher : AllrOneofUs Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis A Rosetta Key For History by : Michael A. Susko

Download or read book A Rosetta Key For History written by Michael A. Susko and published by AllrOneofUs Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the use of a time chart based on generations as a way to understand history. A sole reliance on yearly dating tends to obscure the historical reality and deter us from further exploration. However, patterns are revealed if we number generations, and we become intrigued by the connections and hypotheses raised. The author uses 15-year intervals to date events and mark when people turn 30 and tend to enter history. The 15-year generational interval was first used by the medieval historian, Bede, and later advocated by Ortega E Gasset, a leading Spanish philosopher of the 20th century. In brief, the phases of history found are: 1) A partly invisible beginning phase; 0-15 generations; 2) An establishment phase at 15/20 generations; 3) A consolidating and opening up stage at 30 generations; 4) A crisis and creativity phase at 40 generations; 5) An empire and inclusionary phase at 50 generations; and 6) Renewal or rigidification phase at the 60 generational node. Importantly, special attention is given to the often neglected 30th generational period, in which an openess to beauty and light prevade. Interestingly, these phases also resonate with the human life cycle. The tour of cultures covered includes ancient Egypt, Israel-Judah, Rome, and the Medieval-Modern. Taking us into contemporary times, America/United States is addressed in a second volume to this work.You are invited to go on an intriguing journey in which generational patterning becomes a Rosetta key for understanding history.