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The Hygrothermal Performance Of Exterior Insulated Wall Systems
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Book Synopsis The Hygrothermal Performance of Exterior Insulated Wall Systems by : Trevor Trainor
Download or read book The Hygrothermal Performance of Exterior Insulated Wall Systems written by Trevor Trainor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As energy certification programs and mandatory governmental building codes demand better building energy performance, the development of durable, highly insulated wall systems has become a top priority. Wood framed walls are the most common form of residential wall in North America and the materials used are vulnerable to moisture damage. This damage typically occurs first at the wall sheathing in the form of mould, fungal growth and rot. Increased thermal resistance can lead to two potential issues related to moisture durability: 1) increased potential for air leakage condensation at the sheathing and 2) decreased ability of the wall to dry after a wetting event. A natural exposure experimental study was performed at the University of Waterloo's BEGHUT test facility to evaluate the hygrothermal performance of exterior insulated wall systems utilizing 3 different insulation types. These walls had approximately 2/3 of their total thermal resistance interior to the sheathing and 1/3 exterior to the sheathing. These walls were compared to a standard construction wall and a highly insulated double stud wall system. The test walls were evaluated during as-built conditions and during imposed wetting conditions. Moisture was introduced into the walls in two phases. The air injection wetting phase was designed to evaluate air leakage condensation potential during winter conditions, and the wetting mat wetting phase simulated an exterior rain leak and was used to evaluate the drying potential of the test walls. Hourly temperature, relative humidity and moisture content measurements were taken at multiple locations within each test wall. This data was analyzed to determine the air leakage condensation potential and the drying capability of each test wall. Results showed that the effective thermal resistance of the polyisocyanurate (PIC) insulation was significantly less than its nominal R-value rating under cold and moderate temperature conditions, and slightly higher under hot conditions. The effective thermal resistance of the extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation was slightly less than its rated value under cold and moderate temperature conditions and significantly less under hot conditions. The rockwool (RW) insulation performed slightly above its rated thermal resistance under cold and moderate conditions and slightly less under hot conditions. Results also showed that only the double stud wall was vulnerable to winter-time interstitial condensation during the as-built (air-sealed) condition. This was a result of the hygroscopic nature of the cellulose insulation and a large temperature gradient across the insulation cavity. During the air leakage wetting phase, all of the exterior insulated walls showed a significantly decreased risk of air leakage condensation compared to the Datum and Double stud walls. During and following the wetting mat wetting phase, the PIC and XPS walls showed significantly reduced drying capability, while the RW wall showed a small reduction in drying capacity compared to the Datum and Double stud walls. It was concluded that adding insulation exterior to the wall sheathing can be an effective method to minimize air leakage condensation. The minimum ratio of exterior to interior insulation, however, must be suitable for the local climate and interior humidity conditions. Exterior insulation materials with low vapour permeability can significantly reduce the drying capacity of a wall system, but may be appropriate where exterior solar vapour drive is a concern or sufficient drying to the interior is available. Exterior insulation materials with high vapour permeability facilitate drying to the exterior and dry nearly as well as wall systems with no exterior insulation.
Book Synopsis Impact of Added Insulation on the Hygrothermal Performance of Leaky Exterior Wall Assemblies by : Guylaine Desmarais
Download or read book Impact of Added Insulation on the Hygrothermal Performance of Leaky Exterior Wall Assemblies written by Guylaine Desmarais and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project proposes an experimental procedure to evaluate the effect of adding insulation to leak exterior wall assemblies and to monitor air leakage paths within them. The procedure involves the construction of a full-scale test hut exposed consecutively to climatic conditions representing winter and late spring, inside the environmental chamber. Two re-insulation strategies are studied, with three different air leakage patterns, and compared to an insulated base-case. The construction of the hut is typical of low-rise wood frame residences in Quebec, insulated with glass fiber batt insulation between the studs. The objectives of the experimental work are: (1) To study the effect of different insulating strategies for exterior wall assemblies having different air leakage characteristics on the moisture content and temperature distribution patterns in walls when exposed consecutively to wetting and drying conditions; (2) To develop and implement a method of characterizing air leakage paths so that more is known about the movement of air through exterior wall assemblies; (3) To produce patterns that could be used to validate existing models.
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements. Determination of the Resistance of External Wall Systems to Driving Rain Under Pulsating Air Pressure by : British Standards Institute Staff
Download or read book Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements. Determination of the Resistance of External Wall Systems to Driving Rain Under Pulsating Air Pressure written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2001-05-15 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Walls, Construction systems parts, Exterior walls, Rainfall, Environmental testing, Watertightness tests, Weather resistance, Atmospheric pressure, Pulsating flow
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements. Assessment of Moisture Transfer by Numerical Simulation by : British Standards Institute Staff
Download or read book Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements. Assessment of Moisture Transfer by Numerical Simulation written by British Standards Institute Staff and published by . This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Construction systems parts, Construction materials, Moisture, Moisture measurement, Water absorption, Water vapour, Condensation, Humidity, Rainfall, Heat transfer, Drying, Mathematical calculations, Simulation, Thermal design of buildings
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements by : British Standards Institution
Download or read book Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements written by British Standards Institution and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in Building Physics by : J. Carmeliet
Download or read book Research in Building Physics written by J. Carmeliet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 1037 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a broad view of the research performed in building physics at the start of the 21st century. The focus of this conference was on combined heat and mass flow in building components, performance-based design of building enclosures, energy use in buildings, sustainable construction, users' comfort and health, and the urban micro-climate.
Book Synopsis Research in Building Physics by : J. Carmeliet
Download or read book Research in Building Physics written by J. Carmeliet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides a broad view of the research performed in building physics at the start of the 21st century. The focus of this conference was on combined heat and mass flow in building components, performance-based design of building enclosures, energy use in buildings, sustainable construction, users' comfort and health, and the urban micro-climate.
Book Synopsis Developing Innovative Wall Systems that Improve Hygrothermal Performance of Residential Buildings by : Robert Tichy
Download or read book Developing Innovative Wall Systems that Improve Hygrothermal Performance of Residential Buildings written by Robert Tichy and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document serves as the Topical Report documenting work completed by Washington State University (WSU) under U.S. Department of Energy Grant, Developing Innovative Wall Systems that Improve Hygrothermal Performance of Residential Buildings. This project was conducted in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and includes the participation of several industry partners including Weyerhaeuser, APA - The Engineered Wood Association, CertainTeed Corporation and Fortifiber. This document summarizes work completed by Washington State University August 2002 through June 2006. WSU's primary experimental role is the design and implementation of a field testing protocol that monitored long term changes in the hygrothermal response of wall systems. During the project period WSU constructed a test facility, developed a matrix of test wall designs, constructed and installed test walls in the test facility, installed instrumentation in the test walls and recorded data from the test wall specimens. Each year reports were published documenting the hygrothermal response of the test wall systems. Public presentation of the results was, and will continue to be, made available to the building industry at large by industry partners and the University.
Book Synopsis A Comparative Assessment of Insulated Concrete Wall Technologies and Wood-frame Walls in Residential Buildings by : Jafarpour Aliakbar
Download or read book A Comparative Assessment of Insulated Concrete Wall Technologies and Wood-frame Walls in Residential Buildings written by Jafarpour Aliakbar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing appropriate materials and assemblies in building envelope components could lead to energy savings, increased durability, and sustainability gains. This study aims at providing an integrated assessment framework to compare three different types of exterior wall systems: wood frame, insulated concrete forms (ICFs), and pre-cast insulated concrete panel (PICP). The focus will be on assessing the building envelope performance, cost efficiency, and environmental impacts of these technologies. Such an assessment will influence the decisions on design characteristics of exterior walls as well as the selection of required materials. In doing so, first, the exterior wall technologies will be compared in terms of hygrothermal performance according to ASHREA standards and other relevant literature. Then, a life cost analysis is conducted in order to establish the cost profile of each technology in buildings including capital costs as well as space heating costs over their service life. Finally, we will turn to assessing the environmental footprints of each technology and its components through life cycle assessment (LCA) using Simapro software. The proposed framework incorporates multiple performance assessment criteria including well-being aspects, hygrothermal performance, life cycle assessment (LCA), and life cycle cost (LCC). Using these criteria, a decision making framework is developed to compare and rank the alternative exterior wall technologies, identifying the one that is best suited to particular case study buildings.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of the Hygrothermal Performance of Single and Multi-layer Wall Systems in the Context of Iran's Construction Techniques by : Shaghayegh Mohammad
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Hygrothermal Performance of Single and Multi-layer Wall Systems in the Context of Iran's Construction Techniques written by Shaghayegh Mohammad and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stochastic Modelling of Hygrothermal Performance of Highly Insulated Wood Framed Envelopes by : Lin Wang
Download or read book Stochastic Modelling of Hygrothermal Performance of Highly Insulated Wood Framed Envelopes written by Lin Wang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-framed construction is one of the main building types for residential buildings in North America because of their features such as light-weight, easily built and environmental friendly. However, prolonged exposure to moisture during construction and in service is a durability concern for wood framed envelopes. As building energy consumption has gained increasing attention in recent years, the majority of building codes in North America require higher insulation levels in building envelopes to improve the building energy efficiency. However, the highly insulated wood framed envelopes may have higher risk of moisture problems such as mold growth and wood decay depending on their configurations. Hygrothermal simulation programs have been widely used for evaluating hygrothermal performance of wood framed envelopes. However, the uncertainties of the input parameters may result in a discrepancy between simulation results and the real performance of the wood framed envelopes, thereafter, unable to reveal the actual risks of moisture problems. Stochastic modelling has been used to investigate the uncertainties of the input parameters and their influence, however, the stochastic parameters were only limited to material properties and boundary conditions in previous studies without considering the moisture loads such as air leakage and rain leakage. This thesis focuses on developing a methodology to evaluate the hygrothermal performance of wood framed envelopes under various moisture loads using stochastic approach. A stochastic modelling framework is developed based on a well-developed hygrothermal simulation program- DELPHIN and a robust programming platform- MATLAB. Latin Hypercube Sampling technique and Factorial Design Experiment are combined to organize the stochastic material properties, boundary conditions and moisture loads, and generate stochastic models. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are performed based on the stochastic input parameters and results to evaluate the moisture content level and mold growth risk, as well as the sensitivity of the moisture performance to each influential factor. The developed stochastic modelling framework is applied to analyze the hygrothermal performance of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) wall assemblies and compared with parametric study to demonstrate the advantages of stochastic approach. Then, the hygrothermal performance of the highly insulated wood framed walls (deep cavity walls and exterior insulated walls) are analyzed using the stochastic modelling framework. It is found that the exterior insulated walls have lower mold growth risk than deep cavity walls, and the wall with high permeance exterior insulation (mineral wool) is safer than that with low permeance exterior insulation (polyisocyanurate) in terms of mold growth. The moisture performance of the walls is more sensitive to moisture loads than to material properties, and the significance of the moisture loads (air leakage and rain leakage) depends on climate condition. The thresholds of air leakage rate and rain deposition factor are obtained for the highly insulated wood framed walls to avoid mold growth risk. The design guidelines are formulated for energy efficient and durable wood framed envelopes. The developed stochastic modelling framework can be also applied to other moisture damage risk analysis such as wood decay and the damage caused by freeze/thaw cycles.
Book Synopsis Hemp Lime Construction by : Rachel Bevan
Download or read book Hemp Lime Construction written by Rachel Bevan and published by Building Research Establishment. This book was released on 2008 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive guidance on using hemp lime for housing and low-rise buildings is given for the first time in this book, which is full of practical information on materials, design and construction.
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Performance of Energy-efficient Walls Constructed with Wood Structural Panels and Continuous Foam Plastic Insulation by : B. J. Yeh
Download or read book Hygrothermal Performance of Energy-efficient Walls Constructed with Wood Structural Panels and Continuous Foam Plastic Insulation written by B. J. Yeh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Performance of Metal Furred/Foam Board Insulated Wall Systems by : RG. Miller
Download or read book Thermal Performance of Metal Furred/Foam Board Insulated Wall Systems written by RG. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: System thermal resistance, R, values were measured in full-scale guarded hot box tests [according to the ASTM Test for Steady-State Thermal Performance of Building Assemblies by Means of a Guarded Hot Box (C 236-80)] on a series of foam board insulated wall systems. Tests were run on Hi-Hat, Temp Guard insulation furring (TGIF), and Z-furring securement systems at a mean temperature of approximately 24°C (75°F).
Book Synopsis Moisture Control Handbook by : Joseph Lstiburek
Download or read book Moisture Control Handbook written by Joseph Lstiburek and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-01-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the climate-controlled buildings of today, moisture problemsaffect not only the useable life expectancy of the structure, butthe comfort and health of the occupants. This reference is thefirst to apply up-to-date moisture control and treatment techniquesin a problem/solution format. Opening with an introductoryexplanation of the nature and causes of mold, mildew, andcondensation, the book gives specific advice on heated, cooled, andcombination environments, plus a short course in the dynamics ofmoisture movement within buildings. Other invaluable coverageincludes: * clear, detailed recommended practices for all United Statesclimates * practices for cooling as well as heating climates (often, heatingclimate solutions are applied in cooling climates, where problemsand solutions are completely different) * an overall, systematic view of moisture problems--including howmechanical systems and occupant lifestyles can create and alsoresolve moisture problems * actual case studies of buildings with moisture problems thatillustrate the principles and practices presented in the book This detailed, no-nonsense exploration of moisture cause andeffect--as well as its protection and remediation--will expandreaders' knowledge on this crucial subject. Moisture ControlHandbook will be welcomed by building contractors, architects,mechanical engineers, building science researchers, buildingproduct manufacturers, homeowners, and small commercial buildingowners.
Book Synopsis External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) by : Eva Barreira
Download or read book External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS) written by Eva Barreira and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the hygrothermal behaviour of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), components that increase the thermal efficiency of buildings. Treating a topic that has largely been neglected, it explores the main cause of biological growth within ETICS. The results of two experimental test series are presented: (i) a long-term assessment of four façades covered with ETICS and (ii) an evaluation of the factors affecting the façades’ hygrothermal behaviour. Furthermore, using a previously validated numerical model, it presents a sensitivity analysis of the hygrothermal behaviour of façades coated with ETICS. It also provides a methodology to assess the surface humidification of ETICS, which combines the effect of surface condensation, wind-driven rain and the drying process (three of the most prevalent parameters influencing the surface moisture content), which can then be used as a decision-support tool. ETICS are now frequently used in Europe to improve the thermal efficiency of buildings. Despite their advantages in terms of thermal efficiency, their low cost and their ease of application, these systems are adversely affected by microbiological growth, which causes defacement of cladding. Although the thermal and mechanical performance of the system is not impaired, biological defacement has an enormous aesthetic impact, affecting the inhabitants’ living experience and restricting the full implementation of this technology. External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems (ETICS): An Evaluation of Hygrothermal Behaviour provides a valuable resource to engineers and architects utilizing ETICS in their work, and for researchers and students interested in the hygrothermal behaviour of ETICS. It is also intended for those employed in industry and manufacturers of ETICS.
Book Synopsis Hygrothermal Design Methodology for Exterior Wood-frame Walls in Canadian Low-rise Residential Construction by : Svetlana Valeryevna Melnichuk
Download or read book Hygrothermal Design Methodology for Exterior Wood-frame Walls in Canadian Low-rise Residential Construction written by Svetlana Valeryevna Melnichuk and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a design methodology for the satisfactory long-term hygrothermal performance of exterior wood-frame walls in low-rise residential construction as constructed in the cold climate of Canada. Two wall types are considered: a 38mm x 140mm brick-clad wood stud wall insulated internally with fibreglass and externally with extruded polystyrene, and a 38mm x 140mm EIFS-clad wood stud wall insulated internally with fibreglass and externally with expanded polystyrene. The hygrothermal performance of walls exposed to simulated climates in Halifax, Ottawa, Toronto, Saskatoon and Vancouver is examined. The methodology uses an advanced hygrothermal model hygIRC 1-D (NRC) to simulate the performance of the wall and analyze the results. Quasi-limit state design principles are applied. The maximum amounts of extra added external insulation necessary for satisfactory long-term hygrothermal performance are determined for both wall types in all five cities. The thesis makes recommendations for the National Building Code of Canada.
