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The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781723443695 Total Pages :116 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (436 download)
Book Synopsis The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The findings of the Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Board of Investigation are reported. The Board was formed to determine the cause of the flaw in the telescope, how it occurred, and why it was not detected before launch. The Board conducted its investigation to include interviews with personnel involved in the fabrication and test of the telescope, review of documentation, and analysis and test of the equipment used in the fabrication of the telescope's mirrors. The investigation proved that the primary mirror was made in the wrong shape (a 0.4-wave rms wavefront error at 632.8 nm). The primary mirror was manufactured by the Perkin-Elmer Corporation (Hughes Danbury Optical Systems, Inc.). The critical optics used as a template in shaping the mirror, the reflective null corrector (RNC), consisted of two small mirrors and a lens. This unit had been preserved by the manufacturer exactly as it was during the manufacture of the mirror. When the Board measured the RNC, the lens was incorrectly spaced from the mirrors. Calculations of the effect of such displacement on the primary mirror show that the measured amount, 1.3 mm, accounts in detail for the amount and character of the observed image blurring. No verification of the reflective null corrector's dimensions was carried out by Perkin-Elmer after the original assembly. There were, however, clear indications of the problem from auxiliary optical tests made at the time. A special optical unit called an inverse null corrector, designed to mimic the reflection from a perfect primary mirror, was built and used to align the apparatus; when so used, it clearly showed the error in the reflective null corrector. A second null corrector was used to measure the vertex radius of the finished primary mirror. It, too, clearly showed the error in the primary mirror. Both indicators of error were discounted at the time as being themselves flawed. The Perkin-Elmer plan for fabricating the primary mirror placed complete relia...
Book Synopsis The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report by :
Download or read book The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report by :
Download or read book The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Download or read book The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report by :
Download or read book The Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Failure Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Options for Extending the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Options for Extending the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-03-28 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has operated continuously since 1990. During that time, four space shuttle-based service missions were launched, three of which added major observational capabilities. A fifth â€" SM-4 â€" was intended to replace key telescope systems and install two new instruments. The loss of the space shuttle Columbia, however, resulted in a decision by NASA not to pursue the SM-4 mission leading to a likely end of Hubble's useful life in 2007-2008. This situation resulted in an unprecedented outcry from scientists and the public. As a result, NASA began to explore and develop a robotic servicing mission; and Congress directed NASA to request a study from the National Research Council (NRC) of the robotic and shuttle servicing options for extending the life of Hubble. This report presents an assessment of those two options. It provides an examination of the contributions made by Hubble and those likely as the result of a servicing mission, and a comparative analysis of the potential risk of the two options for servicing Hubble. The study concludes that the Shuttle option would be the most effective one for prolonging Hubble's productive life.
Book Synopsis Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Faiure Report by :
Download or read book Hubble Space Telescope Optical Systems Faiure Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722281908 Total Pages :28 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (819 download)
Book Synopsis Hubble Space Telescope by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Hubble Space Telescope written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Optical Systems Board of Investigation was established on July 2, 1990 to review, analyze, and evaluate the facts and circumstances regarding the manufacture, development, and testing of the HST Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA). Specifically, the board was tasked to ascertain what caused the spherical aberration and how it escaped notice until on-orbit operation. The error that caused the on-orbit spherical aberration in the primary mirror was traced to the assembly process of the Reflective Null Corrector, one of the three Null Correctors developed as special test equipment (STE) to measure and test the primary mirror. Therefore, the safety, reliability, maintainability, and quality assurance (SRM&QA) investigation covers the events and the overall product assurance environment during the manufacturing phase of the primary mirror and Null Correctors (from 1978 through 1981). The SRM&QA issues that were identified during the HST investigation are summarized. The crucial product assurance requirements (including nonconformance processing) for the HST are examined. The history of Quality Assurance (QA) practices at Perkin-Elmer (P-E) for the period under investigation are reviewed. The importance of the information management function is discussed relative to data retention/control issues. Metrology and other critical technical issues also are discussed. The SRM&QA lessons learned from the investigation are presented along with specific recommendations. Appendix A provides the MSFC SRM&QA report. Appendix B provides supplemental reference materials. Appendix C presents the findings of the independent optical consultants, Optical Research Associates (ORA). Appendix D provides further details of the fault-tree analysis portion of the investigation process. Rodney, George A. Unspecified Center ...
Book Synopsis Assessment of Options for Extending the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Options for Extending the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has operated continuously since 1990. During that time, four space shuttle-based service missions were launched, three of which added major observational capabilities. A fifth â€" SM-4 â€" was intended to replace key telescope systems and install two new instruments. The loss of the space shuttle Columbia, however, resulted in a decision by NASA not to pursue the SM-4 mission leading to a likely end of Hubble's useful life in 2007-2008. This situation resulted in an unprecedented outcry from scientists and the public. As a result, NASA began to explore and develop a robotic servicing mission; and Congress directed NASA to request a study from the National Research Council (NRC) of the robotic and shuttle servicing options for extending the life of Hubble. This report presents an assessment of those two options. It provides an examination of the contributions made by Hubble and those likely as the result of a servicing mission, and a comparative analysis of the potential risk of the two options for servicing Hubble. The study concludes that the Shuttle option would be the most effective one for prolonging Hubble's productive life.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :176 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Hubble Space Telescope Flaw by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
Download or read book Hubble Space Telescope Flaw written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. General Accounting Office. National Security and International Affairs Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Space Science by : United States. General Accounting Office. National Security and International Affairs Division
Download or read book Space Science written by United States. General Accounting Office. National Security and International Affairs Division and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wheels Stop written by Rick Houston and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity's first reusable spacecraft and the most complex machine ever built, NASA's Space Shuttle debuted with great promise and as a dependable source of wonder and national pride. But with the Challenger catastrophe in 1986, the whole Space Shuttle program came into question, as did NASA itself, so long an institution that was seemingly above reproach. Wheels Stop tells the stirring story of how, after the Challenger disaster, the Space Shuttle not only recovered but went on to perform its greatest missions. From the Return to Flight mission of STS-26 in 1988 to the last shuttle mission ever on STS-135 in 2011, Wheels Stop takes readers behind the scenes as the shuttle's crews begin to mend Cold War tensions with the former Soviet Union, conduct vital research, deploy satellites, repair the Hubble Space Telescope, and assist in constructing the International Space Station. It also tells the heart-wrenching story of the Columbia tragedy and the loss of the magnificent STS-107 crew. As complex as the shuttle was, the people it carried into orbit were often more so--and this is their story, too. Close encounters with astronauts, flight controllers, and shuttle workers capture the human side of the Space Shuttle's amazing journey--and invite readers along for the ride. Browse more spaceflight books atupinspace.org. Purchase the audio edition.
Book Synopsis With Stars in Their Eyes by : Jim Bernard Breckinridge
Download or read book With Stars in Their Eyes written by Jim Bernard Breckinridge and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aden B. Meinel and wife Marjorie P. Meinel stood at the confluence of several overarching technological developments of the 20th century: postwar aerial surveillance by spy planes and satellites, solar energy, the evolution of telescope design, interdisciplinary optics, and photonics. In 1945 he was a Navy Ensign ordered to find the secret tunnels in Nazi Germany where the V-2 rockets menacing Great Britain and Belgium were being manufactured. After receiving both his B.A. degree and Ph.D. in astronomy from the University of California at Berkeley within three years, Aden was invited to join the scientific staff at Yerkes Observatory/University of Chicago. While there he was selected by the National Science Foundation to manage the development of a new national observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona, and served as its first Director. In the early 1960s he founded the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona, which later metamorphosed into the College of Optical Sciences with the doctoral program in interdisciplinary optics. It was here that he also designed the first Multiple Mirror Telescope and with wife Marjorie pioneered the feasibility of solar energy power on a commercial scale. Aden's knowledge and expertise in optics made him invaluable in research on cameras for spy satellites and spy planes overflying the Soviet Union and Southeast Asia. After retirement the Meinels worked for NASA/JPL on the precursor of the James Webb Space Telescope and on the exoplanet program. They also served on the team that corrected spherical aberration in the Hubble Space Telescope"--
Book Synopsis Failed Historical Scientific Instruments by :
Download or read book Failed Historical Scientific Instruments written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a scientific instrument be regarded as a failure? Why and how? By shedding light on the complexity of these questions, the volume marks a step forward in the way historical scientific instruments can be analysed and displayed. The essays show how diverse failures can be, and how the assessment of scientific devices may change over time — some surprisingly becoming more successful. In addition to studies of how technical features led to failure, the authors examine the roles played by social bias and behaviour, commercial and economic circumstances, and political factors.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems Engineering by : Keith Kasunic
Download or read book Optical Systems Engineering written by Keith Kasunic and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-06-05 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide to optical system design and development Optical Systems Engineering emphasizes first-order, system-level estimates of optical performance. Building on the basic principles of optical design and engineering, the book uses numerous practical examples to illustrate the essential, real-world processes such as requirements analysis, feasibility and trade studies, subsystem interfaces, error budgets, requirements flow-down and allocation, component specifications, and vendor selection. Filled with detailed diagrams and photographs, this is an indispensable resource for anyone involved in developing optical, electro-optical, and infrared systems. Optical Systems Engineering covers: Systems engineering Geometrical optics Aberrations and image quality Radiometry Optical sources Detectors and focal plane arrays Optomechanical design
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
