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Author : C. P. Immirzi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Global Status of Peatlands and Their Role in Carbon Cycling written by C. P. Immirzi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew J. Baird
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118671635
Total Pages : 779 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands written by Andrew J. Baird and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 184. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands examines the role that northern peatlands play in regulating the atmospheric carbon budget. It summarizes current research in four interconnected areas: large-scale peatland dynamics and carbon cycling; plant and microbial dynamics and their effect on carbon fluxes to the atmosphere; methane accumulation in, and loss from, peatlands; and water and dissolved carbon fluxes through peatlands. The volume highlights include A thorough assessment of the challenges involved in incorporating carbon cycling in northern peatlands into global climate models; A conceptual model to examine the partitioning of terminal carbon mineralization into production of CO2 and CH4; A comprehensive review of the evidence for the accumulation of methane in deep and shallow peat; and A description of the hydrologic changes induced by peat harvesting and associated challenges in restoring altered peatlands to their natural hydrologic regime. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands will be of interest to research scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, particularly those who wish to know more about the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and their role as modifiers of climate.
Author : David Archer
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400837073
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book The Global Carbon Cycle written by David Archer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must-have introduction to this fundamental driver of the climate system The Global Carbon Cycle is a short introduction to this essential geochemical driver of the Earth's climate system, written by one of the world's leading climate-science experts. In this one-of-a-kind primer, David Archer engages readers in clear and simple terms about the many ways the global carbon cycle is woven into our climate system. He begins with a concise overview of the subject, and then looks at the carbon cycle on three different time scales, describing how the cycle interacts with climate in very distinct ways in each. On million-year time scales, feedbacks in the carbon cycle stabilize Earth's climate and oxygen concentrations. Archer explains how on hundred-thousand-year glacial/interglacial time scales, the carbon cycle in the ocean amplifies climate change, and how, on the human time scale of decades, the carbon cycle has been dampening climate change by absorbing fossil-fuel carbon dioxide into the oceans and land biosphere. A central question of the book is whether the carbon cycle could once again act to amplify climate change in centuries to come, for example through melting permafrost peatlands and methane hydrates. The Global Carbon Cycle features a glossary of terms, suggestions for further reading, and explanations of equations, as well as a forward-looking discussion of open questions about the global carbon cycle.
Author : R.K. Wieder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540319131
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Boreal Peatland Ecosystems written by R.K. Wieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first truly ecosystem-oriented book on peatlands. It adopts an ecosystems approach to understanding the world's boreal peatlands. The focus is on biogeochemical patterns and processes, production, decomposition, and peat accumulation, and it provides additional information on animal and fungal diversity. A recurring theme is the legacy of boreal peatlands as impressive accumulators of carbon as peat over millennia.
Download or read book CARBON CYCLING AND RESTORATION IN TEMPERATE FORESTED PEATLANDS written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Forested peatlands are important natural ecosystems in the global carbon cycle due to their large carbon pools in both standing biomass and thick organic soils. Northern white cedar (cedar; Thuja occidentalis L.) peatlands are a common and ecologically important forested peatland type in the Great Lakes Region of North America. Despite the great potential of cedar peatlands to store carbon, very few studies have characterized the fluxes or cycling of carbon in these ecosystems. Furthermore, the last 100-150 years have seen a dramatic shift in the age distribution of cedar stands, due primarily to harvesting for forest products and overbrowsing by large deer herds in the region. The aims of this thesis are to 1) evaluate the feasibility of enrichment planting as a restoration option in cedar peatlands, and 2) characterize the production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the soil emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in a cedar peatland. Five restoration sites across northern Minnesota were used in investigating the conditions that fostered optimum height growth and survival of planted cedar seedlings. Planted cedar were found to grow and survive best when planted on hummocks. Additionally, a combination of protection from browse and high light maximized height growth of planted cedar. One site in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was used for measurements of soil emissions of CO2 and CH4 and concentrations and characterizations of DOC. Soil CO2 emissions were correlated with water table level but CH4 emissions were not, possibly due to sufficiently high water tables throughout the measurement season. The quantity and quality of DOC changed with depth, suggesting that DOC lower in the peat profile was microbially sourced. When compared to other northern peatlands, soil CO2 emissions were relatively low, and soil CH4 emissions were approximately average. Dissolved organic carbon was also within the range of values from other northern peatlands, but was less aromatic and had a lower molecular weight. The results from this study suggest that the carbon dynamics of cedar peatlands are important. Additionally, enrichment planting appears to be a feasible strategy in restoration of degraded peatlands for at least two years after planting.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)
Download or read book Late Quaternary Evolution and Carbon Cycling of Tropical Peatlands in Equatorial Southeast Asia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Andrew J. Baird
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 9780875904498
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands written by Andrew J. Baird and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 184. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands examines the role that northern peatlands play in regulating the atmospheric carbon budget. It summarizes current research in four interconnected areas: large-scale peatland dynamics and carbon cycling; plant and microbial dynamics and their effect on carbon fluxes to the atmosphere; methane accumulation in, and loss from, peatlands; and water and dissolved carbon fluxes through peatlands. The volume highlights include A thorough assessment of the challenges involved in incorporating carbon cycling in northern peatlands into global climate models; A conceptual model to examine the partitioning of terminal carbon mineralization into production of CO2 and CH4; A comprehensive review of the evidence for the accumulation of methane in deep and shallow peat; and A description of the hydrologic changes induced by peat harvesting and associated challenges in restoring altered peatlands to their natural hydrologic regime. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands will be of interest to research scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, particularly those who wish to know more about the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and their role as modifiers of climate.
Author : Sigit D Sasmito
Publisher : CIFOR
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Carbon stocks and fluxes associated with land-use and land-cover change in mangrove ecosystems: A systematic review protocol written by Sigit D Sasmito and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal mangrove forests are known as one of the most productive ecosystems and efficient carbon (C) sinks on the planet. Mangroves store a substantial amount of organic C in below-ground sediment, which is known as “blue carbon (C)”. As anthropogenic factors have caused greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sea levels to increase, mangrove blue C has become a part of global climate change negotiations due to its potential for storing C and mitigating GHG emissions. However, these coastal forests are also currently under threat from major land-use and land-cover changes (LULCC) for aquaculture and agriculture, resulting in large amounts of deforested and degraded mangrove areas globally. Little is known about the range of impacts different LULCC have upon mangrove C dynamics (e.g. C storage, emission and sequestration). This systematic review protocol outlines the methodology to identify and quantify the impacts of LULCC upon the C dynamics of global mangrove forests. The forthcoming review will assess the magnitude of LULCC on natural and impacted mangroves and identify where research gaps remain on mangrove C dynamics
Author : Harper Jackson
Publisher : Take The Leap Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Smoke on the Water written by Harper Jackson and published by Take The Leap Publishing. This book was released on 2024-05-03 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I've lived with the stares, whispers, and hateful accusations of small-town gossips for years. Being the sister of the town pariah comes with consequences. But when the petty harassment turns darker, more drastic measures are required. I just didn't expect those measures to include my former high school crush—the golden boy turned smoking hot firefighter—offering protection… as my boyfriend. Are we just pretending, or is this becoming something real? And can it survive the string of arsons that threaten us both?
Author : I.P. Martini
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080468051
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (68 download)
Download or read book Peatlands written by I.P. Martini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the past two decades there has been considerable work on global climatic change and its effect on the ecosphere, as well as on local and global environmental changes triggered by human activities. From the tropics to the Arctic, peatlands have developed under various geological conditions, and they provide good records of global and local changes since the Late Pleistocene. The objectives of the book are to analyze topics such as geological evolution of major peatlands basins; peatlands as self sustaining ecosystems; chemical environment of peatlands: water and peat chemistry; peatlands as archives of environmental changes; influence of peatlands on atmosphere: circular complex interactions; remote sensing studies of peatlands; peatlands as a resource; peatlands degradation, restoration, plus more.' * Presents an interdisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on Earth Science, and addresses the need for intergration between subdisciplines and the developing of new approaches * Synthesizes the evolutionary, ecological, and chemical characteristics of major peatlands, as well as focuses on the environmental changes, from climate changes to surface ares changes due to human activities * Covers topical studies of worldwide interest and provides examples from many different countries
Author : Howard Griffith
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1135322589
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (353 download)
Download or read book The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes written by Howard Griffith and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes provides an informed synthesis on the current status of forests and their future potential for carbon sequestration. This volume is timely, since convincing models which scale from local to regional carbon fluxes are needed to support these international agreements, whilst criticisms have been levelled at existing empirical approaches. One key question is to determine how well eddy-flux measurements at the stand-level represent regional-scale processes. This may be related to specific management practices (age, plantation, fertilisation) or simple bias in choosing representative sites (ease of access, roughness, proximity to physical barriers). The ecology and regeneration state of temperate, tropical and boreal forests under current climatic conditions are discussed, together with partitioning of photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from soils and vegetation. The volume considers how to integrate contrasting methodologies, and the latest approaches for scaling from stand to the planetary boundary layer.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Climate Feedbacks and the Role of Peatlands, Tundra, and Boreal Ecosystems in the Global Carbon Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rattan Lal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400741596
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Recarbonization of the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.
Author : Ian D. Rotherham
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429799527
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Peatlands written by Ian D. Rotherham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to peatlands for the non-specialist student reader and for all those concerned about environmental protection, and is an essential guide to peatland history and heritage for scientists and enthusiasts. Peat is formed when vegetation partially decays in a waterlogged environment and occurs extensively throughout both temperate and tropical regions. Interest in peatlands is currently high due to the degradation of global peatlands which is disrupting hydrology and contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. This book opens by explaining how peat is formed, its properties and worldwide distribution, and defines related terms such as mires, wetlands, bogs and marshes. There is discussion of the ecology and wildlife of peatlands as well as their ability to preserve pollen and organic remains as environmental archives. It also addresses the history, heritage and cultural exploitation of peat, extending back to pre-Roman times, and the degradation of peatlands over the centuries, particularly as a source of fuel but more recently for commercial horticulture. Other chapters discuss the ecosystem services delivered by peatlands, and how their destruction is contributing to biodiversity loss, flooding or drought, and climate change. Finally, the many current peatland restoration projects around the world are highlighted. Overall the book provides a wide-ranging but concise overview of peatlands from both a natural and social science perspective, and will be invaluable for students of ecology, geography, environmental studies and history.
Author : Mitsuru Osaki
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 4431556818
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Tropical Peatland Ecosystems written by Mitsuru Osaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an excellent resource for scientists, political decision makers, and students interested in the impact of peatlands on climate change and ecosystem function, containing a plethora of recent research results such as monitoring-sensing-modeling for carbon–water flux/storage, biodiversity and peatland management in tropical regions. It is estimated that more than 23 million hectares (62 %) of the total global tropical peatland area are located in Southeast Asia, in lowland or coastal areas of East Sumatra, Kalimantan, West Papua, Papua New Guinea, Brunei, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak and Southeast Thailand. Tropical peatland has a vital carbon–water storage function and is host to a huge diversity of plant and animal species. Peatland ecosystems are extremely vulnerable to climate change and the impacts of human activities such as logging, drainage and conversion to agricultural land. In Southeast Asia, severe episodic droughts associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, in combination with over-drainage, forest degradation, and land-use changes, have caused widespread peatland fires and microbial peat oxidation. Indonesia's 20 Mha peatland area is estimated to include about 45–55 GtC of carbon stocks. As a result of land use and development, Indonesia is the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases (2–3 Gtons carbon dioxide equivalent per year), 80 % of which is due to deforestation and peatland loss. Thus, tropical peatlands are key ecosystems in terms of the carbon–water cycle and climate change.
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251348375
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)
Download or read book Recarbonizing global soils – A technical manual of recommended management practices written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 15, “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” with the SOC stock being explicitly cited in Indicator 15.3.1. This technical manual is the first attempt to gather, in a standardized format, the existing data on the impacts of the main soil management practices on SOC content in a wide array of environments, including the advantages, drawbacks, and constraints. This manual presents different sustainable soil management (SSM) practices at different scales and in different contexts, supported by case studies that have been shown with quantitative data to have a positive effect on SOC stocks and successful experiences of SOC sequestration in practical field applications. Volume 2 includes a description of hot spots of SOC stocks. This manual defines hot spots of SOC as areas that represent a proportionally little of the global land surface but on which SOC storage is highly effective; bright spots as large land areas with low SOC stocks per km2 that represent a potential for further carbon sequestration.
Author : Kelly Nugent
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Carbon Cycling at a Post-extraction Restored Peatland written by Kelly Nugent and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon (C) and are an important component of the global climate system. Climate and peatland land surfaces are closely coupled through land-atmosphere exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). When undisturbed, peatlands exert a long-term (millennia) negative radiative GHG forcing (climate cooling) through CO2 removal from the atmosphere, and a short-term (decades) positive forcing (climate warming) with the addition of CH4 to the atmosphere. Peatland drainage and extraction, however, results in mineralization of stored peat, releasing large amounts of CO2 while generally reducing CH4 to minimal levels. Rewetting and actively restoring vegetation is now a restoration approach used to reduce CO2 emissions from degraded peatlands. However, the timeframe needed for restoration to re-establish the C sink function of an undisturbed peatland remains poorly constrained due to a lack of multi-year measurements. In this thesis, I analyze three years of eddy covariance flux measurements from a post-extraction restored peatland in eastern Quebec, Canada that was restored 14 years prior. I link these measurements with flux footprint modelling, stable isotope fractionation data and pore water concentrations to characterize how belowground C cycling and fluxes are impacted by restoration. I combine a series of flux towers at post-extraction unrestored and restored peatlands in eastern and western Canada with an atmospheric perturbation model to further reveal how after-use management is affecting the global climate.The post-extraction restored peatland was a C sink of 78 ± 17 g C m-2 yr-1 within fourteen years of restoration, due to strong CO2 uptake and small CH4 emission and dissolved organic carbon export. A comparison with an undisturbed reference peatland (Mer Bleue) revealed annual NEE at the restored peatland was most similar to wetter, more productive years at the reference peatland. A mapping of post-extraction (1980 onwards) canopy structure changes showed broad comparability between the restored peatland and surrounding intact peatland within five years of restoration. The enhanced vegetation index results suggest that the developing vegetation in general had a normal response to environmental factors and was not experiencing any enduring stress from the underlying cutover peat. While the processes behind the surface net CO2 flux appear successfully recovered, approximately two thirds of the restored peatland was a minimal source of CH4, suggesting a lag in the recovery of belowground C cycling processes. Carbon turnover in the cutover peat beneath the new Sphagnum layer was slow and appeared to occur only with E. vaginatum substrate input and plant-mediated transport. The C isotopic fractionation factor for CH4 and CO2 in the restored field pore water exhibited a dominance of acetoclastic methane production, even deeper in the cutover peat profile. In contrast, isotopic fractionation in the former drainage ditches showed a balance of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis deeper in the profile, indicating that some bulk peat C turnover was occurring. Over time (decades), C turnover of the new peat is expected to limit the impacts of the cutover peat on the surface CH4 flux.Flux measurements at unrestored sites in eastern and western Canada reveal that not restoring post-extraction peatlands leads to decades of CO2 addition to the atmosphere, with low CH4 emission. The after-use decision to not restore results in a positive radiative forcing seven times more powerful than the negative forcing achieved by active restoration after 500 years. Prompt active restoration achieves a neutral climate impact about 155 years earlier than restoration after a 20-year delay. In contrast, IPCC Tier 1 emission factors based on a wide range of rewetting activities display a continually positive radiative forcing, even with prompt rewetting"--
