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The Franklin Institute Of The State Of Pennsylvania Year Book 1912 Classic Reprint
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Book Synopsis The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Year Book, 1912 (Classic Reprint) by : Franklin Institute
Download or read book The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Year Book, 1912 (Classic Reprint) written by Franklin Institute and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Year Book, 1912 The plan of the founders contemplated the formation of a library of books relating to science and the useful arts, and the opening of a reading room; and, accordingly, in 1827, the first Committee on Library was appointed. The books forming the nucleus of the library were stored in the residence of a member of the committee until early in the year 1829, when the first reading room was opened. During the next year a Special committee of twenty issued an appeal for books and contributions of money in aid of the library. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1865 (Classic Reprint) by : Franklin Institute
Download or read book Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1865 (Classic Reprint) written by Franklin Institute and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1865 The former tends directly to deflect the beam, while the latter tends, in this case, to elongate it. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 10 (Classic Reprint) by : Franklin Institute
Download or read book Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 10 (Classic Reprint) written by Franklin Institute and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 10 Communication to the Committee of the Franklin Institute, on the Explosions of Steam Boilers, from thomas ewbank, of New York city. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis The United States Catalog; Books in Print January 1, 1912 by : Marion Effie Potter
Download or read book The United States Catalog; Books in Print January 1, 1912 written by Marion Effie Potter and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 2174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Franklin Institute by : Persifor Frazer
Download or read book The Franklin Institute written by Persifor Frazer and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Franklin Institute: Its Services and Deserts So with Franklin, whether we regard our educational inherit ance in the University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia publick library; our charitable institutions, such as the Penn sylvania Hospital, and the loans to artisans; our physical defences in the militia system; or our higher associations for the diffusion of knowledge like the American Philosophical Society, we find all originated in the mind of this many-sided man. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 18 by : Franklin Institute Philadelphia
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 18 written by Franklin Institute Philadelphia and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-04 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 18: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions It is well known that the bars become loose from vibra tion, and other causes, and in running round a curve in the direction of the arrow in the figure; the centrifugal force acting against the bar A, forces it from its place, which leaves the point ofthe bar B projecting; this defect is often increased by the bars being previously out of line. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 8 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 8 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 8: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions The general structure of this block is like those commonly used, having fixed lips or catches on one edge, and moveable, or sliding catches on the other. The two sliding catches are forced up against the edge of the plate simultaneously by turning a key which fits on to a pinion. The teeth of this pinion act upon a sliding plate, each end of which forms a wedge, these wedges acting upon the two slid ing lips, force them Up. There is a spiral Spring Upon the shanks of the sliding slips, which force them out when relieved by turning the pinion, so as to withdraw the wedges. Some other modes of movin the wedges are described, and considered as included in the genera principle. The claim is to so much and such parts of the machinery above described, in combination, as is or may be employed by moving the moveable lips to or from the stereotype plates, at one Operation, by inclined planes, or wedges and springs, acted upon by a rack and pinion with a key, or in either of the ways mentioned; and the mov ing of the moveable lips to or from the stereotype plate at one ope ration. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1830, Vol. 9 by : Philadelphia Franklin Institute
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1830, Vol. 9 written by Philadelphia Franklin Institute and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-11-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1830, Vol. 9: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions That tin being a softer metal and more easily abraded, the fric tion increases when a load is applied above 8 lbs. Per square inch, but remains nearly the same with the broad side as with the narrow side. Generally speaking, the friction is less with the broad side than with the narrow side. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 9 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 9 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-17 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1832, Vol. 9: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions As the temperature of the air on the outside of the chimney is not always thirty-two, it is desirable to know what the volume of such air would be at thirt -two. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 6 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 6 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 6: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions The question of who was the first inventor is one which we are not prepared to discuss, as it belongs to another tribunal. 2. For a mode of making Woollen Roping, or Slubbing, by the "Spiral Slabbing Machine;" Austin Steele, Waterbury, New Haven county, Connecticut, April 1. The main cylinder, doffers, combs, and small rollers, in this machine, are represented exactly like those in the drawing accompanying Mr. Charles Atwood's specification, page 378; but instead of the tubes between the doffers and small rollers, the wool, as it is separated by the combs, is received upon a short revolving apron; it passes along this apron, across which "is another apron, or belt, which presses upon and revolves on the said web, and rolls, or twists it; or a roller, working obliquely, may be used for the same purpose. The effect produced by the motion of the upper apron or roller, is to twist or roll up the roping or slubbing spirally." The claim is to "the mode of making woollen roping, or slubbing, by rolling it up spirally, as above described." Mr. Atwood refers to this mode of rubbing, and objects to it, as producing a degree of felting injurious in the subsequent operations upon the slubbing, and upon the fabric manufactured from it; so far as we may be allowed to judge without experience, we are inclined to prefer Mr. Atwood's plan. 3. For a machine for Thrashing all kind of Grain, called the "Paragon Thrashing Machine;" William C. Ross, Penfield, Monroe county, New York, April 1. The novelty and merit of this machine depend upon the "placing the apron on an inclination, and reducing the motion of the main, or thrashing cylinder, and consequently reducing friction, &c." The main cylinder is of wood, covered with iron, or furnished with six beaters, also covered with iron, to protect them against wearing. "The improvements relied on in this machine, are, in adding to the diameter of the main cylinder, consequently producing the same effect with half the revolutions, thereby reducing the friction, which the inventor considers the most discriminating feature of its utility; in the inclination of the apron; and in the conciseness of the machine and its appendages. I therefore claim all the above improvements, together with the privilege of varying the dimensions and proportions of the improved thrashing machine, as my fancy may from time to time hereafter dictate, so that all the while I adhere strictly to my principle, and depart not from it." Which principle is the making the cylinder twice as large as one of half the diameter, and inclining the apron by which the machinery is fed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 11 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 11 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-14 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 11: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions The dimensions of the mill, and the description of the mill work, gear, and machinery, are as follows. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 13 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 13 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1834, Vol. 13: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions Another seed valuable for oil is the sun flower: I have never tried this, but am told it produces a very excellent salad oil; I have no doubt the culture of it, properly managed, would be both useful and profitable. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, and American Repertory of Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and of American and Other Patented Inventions, 1842, Vol. 34 (Classic Reprint) by : Philadelphia Franklin Institute
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, and American Repertory of Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and of American and Other Patented Inventions, 1842, Vol. 34 (Classic Reprint) written by Philadelphia Franklin Institute and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, and American Repertory of Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and of American and Other Patented Inventions, 1842, Vol. 34 Where the curve of the arches comes below the line of t, the latter is dispensed with, and v rests against the arches themselves. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 11 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 11 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Vol. 11: And American Repertory of Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and of American and Other Patented Inventions Comparative Summary of the Operations of the Main Stem of the Baltimore and Ohio rail-road, - during Ten Years, - from 1836 to 1845, inclusive. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 12 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 12 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-12 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, 1833, Vol. 12: Devoted to the Mechanic Arts, Manufactures, General Science, and the Recording of American and Other Patented Inventions The great difficulty in resorting to this means of discrimination, is, that an electrified body may, by induction, produce in a conductor al ternately, Opposite states of electrical excitement. As it approximates the conductor, it may cause it to receive, or give out electricity; of course, when retracted, the conductor will have the opposite excite ment to that consequent to approximation. Supposing the brass ball of the electrometer in question, to be affected in the mode just de scribed, the leaf suspended from it, must be successively attracted by each pole. Besides, the excitement may be so strong, as to render that ofthe series nugatory; as in the case of a powerful magnet, which will attract either pole of a feeble one. The direction of the first pulsation of the leaf, is the best criterion; but reliance should not be accorded to one experiment, especially when so easily repeated. I find that a gilt pith ball, if suspended in place of the leaf, will vibrate for a time. It is, however, like the leaf, liable to have its movements arrested by an adherence, to one or other of the knobs. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 14 by : Thomas P. Jones
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 14 written by Thomas P. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 14: Of the State of Pennsylvania, and American Repertory of Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures, and of American and Other Patented Inventions The gross receipts from all sources for the year 1846, were, The expenditures for same period, including current expenses, additional machinery, improvements on depot, interest account, paving Meeting street, and damages, were Amount of dividends paid, Balance applied to improvements of property and reduction of indebtedness, The two semi-annual dividends were, for the first half year, $1.50, and the last $2.50, mailing $4 on each share, and equivalent to 5 per cent, on par value of stock, and leaving, as exhibited, $30,184.85 applicable to improvements. The large amount under the general head of expenditures for the year 1846, as compared with those of the previous years of 1844 and 1845, may be explained by an appropriation for the improvement of Meeting street, and for damages: particularly in the loss, from fire, (supposed to be the act of an incendiary, ) of a large amount of cotton, while in the cars on the track at Aiken, ready for departure by the downward train the next morning. If these amounts (as in the Auditor's comparative statement of ordinary expenses, since the consolidation of the two companies, ) be deducted, we have for the legitimate and unavoidable expenditures, under all the various heads of current, materials, property and interest account, $282,972.31 in the year 1844, $279,475.43 for 1845, and $300,672.22 for 1846 - shewing, as compared with 1844, an excess of expenditure of $17,699.91, against an increased receipt of $56,210.57: and, as compared with the last or previous year, an excess of $21,196.79 of expenditure against $30,383.81 of increased receipts. A considerable portion of this excess of expenditures may be accounted for in the enhanced cost of supplies; in the large amount of materials on hand; (as exhibited in the schedule from the master of the workshops;) in preparation for the construction of an additional number of cars; and in the increased expense necessary to preserve the track of the Hamburg road from the injuries inflicted by the heavy locomotives, and the higher speed of the passenger trains. The relative proportion likewise between the receipts and expenditures this year, were greatly disturbed by the low rate (with a view of relieving the suffering planters of the interior) at which the Company undertook to transport grains. Upwards of 250,000 bushels of corn alone, the last season, were transported to Columbia, Hamburg, and intermediate stations; and at the moderate rate of freight charged, a portion of it free, it is apparent that much the largest moiety of the amount was made chargeable in the columns of expenses, while a very small balance was carried to the credit side of receipts. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Book Synopsis Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, Vol. 79 by : John F. Frazer
Download or read book Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, Vol. 79 written by John F. Frazer and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Journal of the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts, Vol. 79: Devoted to Mechanical and Physical Science, Civil Engineering, the Arts and Manufactures; January-June, 1865 Essay on the Stadia. By john R. Mayer, C. E. To the Editor of the Journal of the Franklin Institute. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.