The Formulation Of Emulsions In Biodiesel Production

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The Formulation of Emulsions in Biodiesel Production

Author : Faradila Rozali
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Formulation of Emulsions in Biodiesel Production by : Faradila Rozali

Download or read book The Formulation of Emulsions in Biodiesel Production written by Faradila Rozali and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In production of biodiesel, emulsions resulted from washing process is important as a method to remove sediment contaminant or by-product. Ironically, there have been a few cases when oil becomes a stable emulsion during water washing process. These situations normally cause by an aggressive washing biodiesel in the presence of soap and water. Formation of these emulsions is costly, due to chemical used and production losses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the stability of emulsions and to investigate the effectiveness of using microwave radiation to break the stable emulsions. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, emulsions were prepared in a lab with water and biodiesel as raw materials. Part 1 of experiment was investigated the formation and stabilizations of emulsions by using two different emulsifying agent; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Triton X100. Concentration of emulsifier varied between 1.5% to 3% total volume while water-to-oil ratio was varied from 30-50:70-50. The stability studies were carried out by analyzes the viscosity using viscometer and visually observes on separation layer. As a result, an existence correlation between the effect of using different emulsifying agent, the emulsifiers concentration, and water-oil ratio with emulsion stability were discovered. In term of demulsification study via microwave radiation, it has been found that the effect of microwave power is proportional to the separation efficiency of emulsions. Demulsification by using microwave is primarily due to heat temperature; therefore as the rate power output of microwave oven is increase, the temperature will increase and this lead to fast separation of water from emulsions. Microwave has features of penetrating power; in which can distributes its energy within the bulk of materials thus suspends water droplets in an emulsion.-Author.

Emulsification

Author : Kylie M. Tannen
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781628086799
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Emulsification by : Kylie M. Tannen

Download or read book Emulsification written by Kylie M. Tannen and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors discuss the processes, new technology and current applications of emulsification. Topics include ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction; microbial emulsifiers and their environmental applications potential; alternative methods for emulsification; the physical and chemical modifications on emulsifying properties of proteins; low-energy nano-emulsions and their applications as CT blood pool contrast media; and emulsification in mini-channels for biodiesel production.

A Study on Production of Emulsified Biodiesel

Author : Muhammad Asyraf Jusoh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis A Study on Production of Emulsified Biodiesel by : Muhammad Asyraf Jusoh

Download or read book A Study on Production of Emulsified Biodiesel written by Muhammad Asyraf Jusoh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engine is a preferred power source that is used for power plant and major source for inland transportation. Diesel engine power plants are preferred where power has to be generated in small quantity or used as standby sets, which are required for commercial use. The uses of diesel engine can cause pollutants such as damage ozone layer, enhance green house effect and produce acid rain because of the production Particulate Matter x, and PM emission. However, the uses of biodiesel can produce NO emission. The emulsified biodiesel is the fuel, which can solve the NO X x emissions. Emulsified biodiesel is combination of water and biodiesel with present of addition of surfactant. The objective in this study is to find out the optimum formulation and method to produce the highest emulsion stability of emulsified biodiesel. The study scope are study the optimum method of production, effect of the water and biodiesel contain, variation volume Span 80 and Tween 80, variation mixing speed, variation mixing time and types of biodiesel to the stability of emulsified biodiesel. Emulsified biodiesel produce by using the Mechanical Stir Machine and form the emulsified biodiesel types O/W phase. The biodiesel are produce from the palm oil. The volume of biodiesel, water and surfactant are measure by using syringe. From the experiment the uses of 95 % of biodiesel and 5 % of water can produce highest stability emulsion because the present of high volume of biodiesel fuel. The most suitable mixing time and mixing speed are 15 minutes and 700 rpm. The optimum volume Span 80 and Tween 80 are 0.7 ml and 1.5 ml. Both of surfactant are lipophilic and hypophlilic. The lipophile are function for absorb oil phase and hydrophilic absorb water phase. Both of the surfactant determine by the Hypophilic Lipophilic Balance.

Nanoemulsions

Author : Seid Mahdi Jafari
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128118393
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoemulsions by : Seid Mahdi Jafari

Download or read book Nanoemulsions written by Seid Mahdi Jafari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization provides detailed information on the production, application and characterization of food nanoemulsion as presented by experts who share a wealth of experience. Those involved in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries will find this a useful reference as it addresses findings related to different preparation and formulation methods of nanoemulsions and their application in different fields and products. As the last decade has seen a major shift from conventional emulsification processes towards nanoemulsions that both increase the efficiency and stability of emulsions and improve targeted drug and nutraceutical delivery, this book is a timely resource. - Summarizes general aspects of food nanoemulsions and their formulation - Provides detailed information on the production, application, and characterization of food nanoemulsion - Reveals the potential of nanoemulsions, as well as their novel applications in functional foods, nutraceutical products, delivery systems, and cosmetic formulations - Explains preparation of nanoemulsions by both low- and high-energy methods

ICPER 2020

Author : Faiz Ahmad
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811919399
Total Pages : 997 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis ICPER 2020 by : Faiz Ahmad

Download or read book ICPER 2020 written by Faiz Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-03 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains papers presented in the 7th International Conference on Production, Energy and Reliability (ICPER 2020) under the banner of World Engineering, Science & Technology Congress (ESTCON2020) held from 14th to 16th July 2020 at Borneo Convention Centre, Kuching, Malaysia. The conference contains papers presented by academics and industrial practitioners showcasing their latest advancements and findings in mechanical engineering areas with an emphasis on sustainability and the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The papers are categorized under the following tracks and topics of research: IoT, Reliability and Simulation Advanced Materials, Corrosion and Autonomous Production Efficient Energy Systems and Thermofluids Production, Manufacturing and Automotive

Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology

Author : Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533074809
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology by : Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes

Download or read book Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology written by Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme.

The Resolution of Oil-field Emulsions

Author : Harold Valby Dodd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Resolution of Oil-field Emulsions by : Harold Valby Dodd

Download or read book The Resolution of Oil-field Emulsions written by Harold Valby Dodd and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Green Organic Chemistry in Lecture and Laboratory

Author : Andrew P. Dicks
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439840776
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Organic Chemistry in Lecture and Laboratory by : Andrew P. Dicks

Download or read book Green Organic Chemistry in Lecture and Laboratory written by Andrew P. Dicks and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has seen a huge interest in green organic chemistry, particularly as chemical educators look to "green" their undergraduate curricula. Detailing published laboratory experiments and proven case studies, this book discusses concrete examples of green organic chemistry teaching approaches from both lecture/seminar and practical perspe

Biofuel Extraction Techniques

Author : Lalit Prasad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119829321
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuel Extraction Techniques by : Lalit Prasad

Download or read book Biofuel Extraction Techniques written by Lalit Prasad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels are a viable alternative to petroleum-based fuel because they are produced from organic materials such as plants and their wastes, agricultural crops, and by-products. The development of cutting-edge technology has increased the need for energy significantly, which has resulted in an overreliance on fossil fuels. Renewable fuels are an important subject of research because of their biodegradability, eco-friendliness, decrease in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and favorable socioeconomic consequences to counteract imitations of fossil fuels. Different extraction techniques are used for the production of biofuel from renewable feedstocks. Biodiesel is a promising biofuel which is produced by transesterification of plant-based oils. Extraction of oil includes old traditional methods, solvent extraction, mechanical extraction, microwave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted methods. Many innovative techniques are also used to overcome the limitations of conventional methods. Microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted is some of the new techniques which include the pre-treatment of the raw material using either ultrasonic waves or radio waves which helps in increasing the efficiency of the extraction of oil and improves the final quality of the oil. Written and edited a team of experts in the field, this exciting new volume covers all of these technologies with a view toward giving the engineer, scientist, or other professional the practical solutions for their day-to-day problems. It also contains the theory behind the practical applications, as well, making it the perfect reference for students and engineers alike. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.

Formulation, Characterisation, and Optimization of Emulsion Fuel

Author : Muhammad Hashrul Tahpiz Ibrahim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Formulation, Characterisation, and Optimization of Emulsion Fuel by : Muhammad Hashrul Tahpiz Ibrahim

Download or read book Formulation, Characterisation, and Optimization of Emulsion Fuel written by Muhammad Hashrul Tahpiz Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible substances. For the emulsion, we have two types which are Oil-in water emulsions (O/W) and Water -in-oil emulsions (W/O). Diesel fuel emulsions are blended mixtures of diesel fuel, water, emulsifying agents and other additives, that reduce particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen ( NOx) emissions, as a result of the added water. Addition of water to the emulsified fuel also reduces the energy content of the fuel, with corresponding reductions in fuel economy and engine power. Emulsified diesel fuel has been the subject of several studies, and for comparative purposes in several others. This emulsified diesel fuel is a combination of diesel fuel with 20% water by weight, and an "additive package" for stabilizing the fuel-water emulsion. To mixed diesel with water we should add surfactants. The surfactants that we used are Sorbitan monoolate, NF,(Span 80), Polysorbate 60,NF,(Tween 60), Polysorbate 80,NF,(Tween 80), Triton X-100. The components required for making emulsion are mechanical agitator, diesel, distillated water,surfactants, burette, and pipette.

Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers

Author : Shang-Tian Yang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118641949
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers by : Shang-Tian Yang

Download or read book Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers written by Shang-Tian Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sets the stage for large-scale production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals In response to diminishing supplies as well as the environmental hazards posed by fossil fuels and petrochemicals, interest and demand for green, sustainable biofuels and bio-based chemicals are soaring. Biomass may be the solution. It is an abundant carbon-neutral renewable feedstock that can be used for the production of fuels and chemicals. Currently, biorefineries use corn, soybeans, and sugarcane for bioethanol and biodiesel production; however, there are many challenges facing biorefineries, preventing biomass from reaching its full potential. This book provides a comprehensive review of bioprocessing technologies that use lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels, biochemicals, and biopolymers. It begins with an overview of integrated biorefineries. Next, it covers: Biomass feedstocks, including sugar, starch, oil, and energy crops as well as microalgae Pretreatment technologies for lignocellulosic biomass Hydrolytic enzymes used in biorefineries for the hydrolysis of starch and lignocelluloses Bioconversion technologies for current and future biofuels such as ethanol, biodiesel, butanol, hydrogen, and biogas Specialty chemicals, building block chemicals, and biopolymers produced via fermentation Phytochemicals and functional food ingredients extracted from plant materials All the chapters have been written and edited by leading experts in bioprocessing and biorefining technologies. Contributions are based on a thorough review of the literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience developing and working with bioprocessing technologies. By setting forth the current state of the technology and pointing to promising new directions in research, Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers will enable readers to move towards large-scale, sustainable, and economical production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems

Author : Miguel Torres García
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036513329
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems by : Miguel Torres García

Download or read book Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modeling of Chemical Combustion Systems written by Miguel Torres García and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.

ICREEM 2022

Author : Faiz Ahmad
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819959462
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis ICREEM 2022 by : Faiz Ahmad

Download or read book ICREEM 2022 written by Faiz Ahmad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production

Author : Abu Yousuf
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128175370
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production by : Abu Yousuf

Download or read book Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production written by Abu Yousuf and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-23 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microalgae Cultivation for Biofuels Production explores the technological opportunities and challenges involved in producing economically competitive algal-derived biofuel. The book discusses efficient methods for cultivation, improvement of harvesting and lipid extraction techniques, optimization of conversion/production processes of fuels and co-products, the integration of microalgae biorefineries to several industries, environmental resilience by microalgae, and a techno-economic and lifecycle analysis of the production chain to gain maximum benefits from microalgae biorefineries. - Provides an overview of the whole production chain of microalgal biofuels and other bioproducts - Presents an analysis of the economic and sustainability aspects of the production chain - Examines the integration of microalgae biorefineries into several industries

Formulation Technology

Author : Hans Mollet
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527612939
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Formulation Technology by : Hans Mollet

Download or read book Formulation Technology written by Hans Mollet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many chemical substances or compounds - organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic - are not used in their pure form. In order for the active ingredient to be most effective or to obtain the ideal delivery form for the market, the actual synthesis and purification steps are followed by formulation to give end products that range from powders, agglomerates, and granules to suspensions, emulsions, microemulsions, microcapsules, instant preparations, liposomes, and tablets. Formulation combines colloid and surface chemistry with chemical process engineering; sometimes it consists of a simple mixing operation, sometimes it requires an entire series of rather complicated engineering procedures such as comminution, dispersion, emulsification, agglomeration or drying. This book covers basic physico-chemical theory as well as its applications in the chemical industry for the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments and dyes, food, detergents, cosmetics and many other products; it also provides chemists and chemical engineers with the necessary practical tools for the understanding of the structure/ activity relationship.

The Science of Algal Fuels

Author : Richard Gordon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400751109
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Algal Fuels by : Richard Gordon

Download or read book The Science of Algal Fuels written by Richard Gordon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-04 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, The Science of Algal Fuels (volume 25 of COLE), contains 26 chapters dealing with biofuels contributed by experts from numerous countries and covers several aspects of algal products, one being “oilgae from algae,” mainly oils and fuels for engines. Among the prominent algal groups that participate in this process are the diatoms and green algae (Chlorophyceae). Their metabolism and breeding play an important role in biomass and extraction of crude oil and algal fuel. There is a strong relation between solar energy influencing algal culture and the photobiology of lipid metabolism. Currently, many international meetings and conferences on biofuel are taking place in many countries, and several new books and proceedings of conferences have appeared on this topic. All this indicates that this field is “hot” and in the forefront of applied bioscience.

Biomass to Biofuels

Author : Alain A. Vertes
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119965497
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomass to Biofuels by : Alain A. Vertes

Download or read book Biomass to Biofuels written by Alain A. Vertes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the key challenges that still impede the realization of the billion-ton renewable fuels vision, this book integrates technological development and business development rationales to highlight the key technological.developments that are necessary to industrialize biofuels on a global scale. Technological issues addressed in this work include fermentation and downstream processing technologies, as compared to current industrial practice and process economics. Business issues that provide the lens through which the technological review is performed span the entire biofuel value chain, from financial mechanisms to fund biotechnology start-ups in the biofuel arena up to large green field manufacturing projects, to raw material farming, collection and transport to the bioconversion plant, manufacturing, product recovery, storage, and transport to the point of sale. Emphasis has been placed throughout the book on providing a global view that takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of various biofuels markets from Brazil, the EU, the US, or Japan, to emerging economies as agricultural development and biofuel development appear undissociably linked.