The Formation of Hell

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Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 150171175X
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Formation of Hell by : Alan E. Bernstein

Download or read book The Formation of Hell written by Alan E. Bernstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What becomes of the wicked? Hell—exile from God, subjection to fire, worms, and darkness—for centuries the idea has shaped the dread of malefactors, the solace of victims, and the deterrence of believers. Although we may associate the notion of hell with Christian beliefs, its gradual emergence depended on conflicting notions that pervaded the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before the birth of Christ. Asking just why and how belief in hell arose, Alan E. Bernstein takes us back to those times and offers us a comparative view of the philosophy, poetry, folklore, myth, and theology of that formative age.Bernstein draws on sources from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and Israel, as well as early Christian writings through Augustine, in order to reconstruct the story of the prophets, priests, poets, and charismatic leaders who fashioned concepts of hell from an array of perspectives on death and justice. The author traces hell's formation through close readings of works including the epics of Homer and Vergil, the satires of Lucian, the dialogues of Plato and Plutarch, the legends of Enoch, the confessions of the Psalms, the prophecies of Isaiah, Ezechiel, and Daniel, and the parables of Jesus. Reenacting lively debates about the nature of hell among the common people and the elites of diverse religious traditions, he provides new insight into the social implications and the psychological consequences of different visions of the afterlife.This superb account of a central image in Western culture will captivate readers interested in history, mythology, literature, psychology, philosophy, and religion.

Hell and Its Rivals

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Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501712489
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Hell and Its Rivals by : Alan E. Bernstein

Download or read book Hell and Its Rivals written by Alan E. Bernstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of punishment after death—whereby the souls of the wicked are consigned to Hell (Gehenna, Gehinnom, or Jahannam)—emerged out of beliefs found across the Mediterranean, from ancient Egypt to Zoroastrian Persia, and became fundamental to the Abrahamic religions. Once Hell achieved doctrinal expression in the New Testament, the Talmud, and the Qur'an, thinkers began to question Hell’s eternity, and to consider possible alternatives—hell’s rivals. Some imagined outright escape, others periodic but temporary relief within the torments. One option, including Purgatory and, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Middle State, was to consider the punishments to be temporary and purifying. Despite these moral and theological hesitations, the idea of Hell has remained a historical and theological force until the present.In Hell and Its Rivals, Alan E. Bernstein examines an array of sources from within and beyond the three Abrahamic faiths—including theology, chronicles, legal charters, edifying tales, and narratives of near-death experiences—to analyze the origins and evolution of belief in Hell. Key social institutions, including slavery, capital punishment, and monarchy, also affected the afterlife beliefs of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Reflection on hell encouraged a stigmatization of "the other" that in turn emphasized the differences between these religions. Yet, despite these rivalries, each community proclaimed eternal punishment and answered related challenges to it in similar terms. For all that divided them, they agreed on the need for—and fact of—Hell.

The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains

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Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 9780813723617
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains by : Joseph Herbert Hartman

Download or read book The Hell Creek Formation and the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in the Northern Great Plains written by Joseph Herbert Hartman and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2002 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Better to Reign in Hell, Than Serve In Heaven

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Publisher : Vernon Press
ISBN 13 : 1622732871
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Better to Reign in Hell, Than Serve In Heaven by : Allan Wright

Download or read book Better to Reign in Hell, Than Serve In Heaven written by Allan Wright and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, I argue that Satan was not perceived as a universal malevolent deity, the embodiment of evil, or the “ruler of Pandemonium” within first century Christian literature or even within second and third century Christian discourses as some scholars have insisted. Instead, for early “Christian” authors, Satan represented a pejorative term used to describe terrestrial, tangible, and concrete social realities, perceived of as adversaries. To reach this conclusion, I explore the narrative character of Satan selectively within the Hebrew Bible, intertestamental literature, Mark, Matthew, Luke, Q, the Book of Revelation, the Nag Hammadi texts, and the Ante-Nicene fathers. I argue that certain scholars’ such as Jeffrey Burton Russell, Miguel A. De La Torre, Albert Hernandez, Peter Stanford, Paul Carus, and Gerd Theissen, homogenized reconstructions of the “New Testament Satan” as the universalized incarnation of evil and that God’s absolute cosmic enemy is absent from early Christian orthodox literature, such as Mark, Matthew, Luke, Q, the Book of Revelation, and certain writings from the Ante-Nicene Fathers. Using Jonathan Z. Smith’s essay Here, There, and Anywhere, I suggest that the cosmic dualist approach to Satan as God’s absolute cosmic enemy resulted from the changing social topography of the early fourth century where Christian “insider” and “outsider” adversaries were diminishing. With these threats fading, early Christians universalized a perceived chaotic cosmic enemy, namely Satan, being influenced by the Gnostic demiurge, who disrupts God’s terrestrial and cosmic order. Therefore, Satan transitioned from a “here,” “insider,” and “there,” “outsider,” threat to a universal “anywhere” threat. This study could be employed as a characterization study, New Testament theory and application for classroom references or research purposes.

Heaven and Hell

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1501136747
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Heaven and Hell by : Bart D. Ehrman

Download or read book Heaven and Hell written by Bart D. Ehrman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over half of Americans believe in a literal heaven, in a literal hell. Most people who hold these beliefs are Christian and assume they are the age-old teachings of the Bible. Ehrman shows that eternal rewards and punishments are found nowhere in the Old Testament, and are not what Jesus or his disciples taught. He recounts the long history of the afterlife, ranging from The Epic of Gilgamesh up to the writings of Augustine, focusing especially on the teachings of Jesus and his early followers. Ehrman shows that competing views were intimately connected with the social, cultural, and historical worlds out of which they emerged. -- adapted from jacket

Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas

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Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813725038
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas by : Gregory P. Wilson

Download or read book Through the End of the Cretaceous in the Type Locality of the Hell Creek Formation in Montana and Adjacent Areas written by Gregory P. Wilson and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The chapters represent a surge of field and laboratory research activity, illustrating the impacts of new and refined methods and tools. This volume explores geologic and biologic history preserved in the strata bounding the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary"--Provided by publisher.

Hell Creek, Montana

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Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1250092523
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Hell Creek, Montana by : Dr. Lowell Dingus

Download or read book Hell Creek, Montana written by Dr. Lowell Dingus and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Given its wide range, this book should attract readers of history and lovers of the American West in addition to dinosaur junkies. " - Publishers Weekly Hell Creek, Montana, is one of the most windswept, hardscrabble locales in the American West-a quiet town of ranchers, farmers, and others who seek the beauty of the open spaces. It is also the unlikely setting of some of the most fascinating events in the history of the United States and North America. From the first-ever discovery of a Tyrannosaurus rex to Lewis and Clark's landmark expedition; from the Freeman compound standoff to Sitting Bull and Little Big Horn, Hell Creek has been a central player in the events of the last two hundred years-and the last 200 million. Now, with grace and quiet wit, renowned paleontologist and writer Lowell Dingus takes us on a tour of this desolate, beautiful, out-of-the-way place and illuminates its inhabitants, geology, paleontology, and surprising place in history. Nature lovers, dinosaur buffs, and people fascinated with the turbulent history--both ancient and modern--of the American West will find much to delight them in this journey to Hell Creek.

"That Fiend in Hell"

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Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806188200
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis "That Fiend in Hell" by : Catherine Holder Spude

Download or read book "That Fiend in Hell" written by Catherine Holder Spude and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Klondike gold rush peaked in spring 1898, adventurers and gamblers rubbed shoulders with town-builders and gold-panners in Skagway, Alaska. The flow of riches lured confidence men, too—among them Jefferson Randolph “Soapy” Smith (1860–98), who with an entourage of “bunco-men” conned and robbed the stampeders. Soapy, though, a common enough criminal, would go down in legend as the Robin Hood of Alaska, the “uncrowned king of Skagway,” remembered for his charm and generosity, even for calming a lynch mob. When the Fourth of July was celebrated in ’98, he supposedly led the parade. Then, a few days later, he was dead, killed in a shootout over a card game. With Smith’s death, Skagway rid itself of crime forever. Or at least, so the story goes. Journalists immediately cast him as a martyr whose death redeemed a violent town. In fact, he was just a petty criminal and card shark, as Catherine Holder Spude proves definitively in “That Fiend in Hell”: Soapy Smith in Legend, a tour de force of historical debunking that documents Smith’s elevation to western hero. In sorting out the facts about this man and his death from fiction, Spude concludes that the actual Soapy was not the legendary “boss of Skagway,” nor was he killed by Frank Reid, as early historians supposed. She shows that even eyewitnesses who knew the truth later changed their stories to fit the myth. But why? Tracking down some hundred retellings of the Soapy Smith story, Spude traces the efforts of Skagway’s boosters to reinforce a morality tale at the expense of a complex story of town-building and government formation. The idea that Smith’s death had made a lawless town safe served Skagway’s economic interests. Spude’s engaging deconstruction of Soapy’s story models deep research and skepticism crucial to understanding the history of the American frontier.

The Bride of Christ Goes to Hell

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812206932
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bride of Christ Goes to Hell by : Dyan Elliott

Download or read book The Bride of Christ Goes to Hell written by Dyan Elliott and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early Christian writer Tertullian first applied the epithet "bride of Christ" to the uppity virgins of Carthage as a means of enforcing female obedience. Henceforth, the virgin as Christ's spouse was expected to manifest matronly modesty and due submission, hobbling virginity's ancient capacity to destabilize gender roles. In the early Middle Ages, the focus on virginity and the attendant anxiety over its possible loss reinforced the emphasis on claustration in female religious communities, while also profoundly disparaging the nonvirginal members of a given community. With the rising importance of intentionality in determining a person's spiritual profile in the high Middle Ages, the title of bride could be applied and appropriated to laywomen who were nonvirgins as well. Such instances of democratization coincided with the rise of bridal mysticism and a progressive somatization of female spirituality. These factors helped cultivate an increasingly literal and eroticized discourse: women began to undergo mystical enactments of their union with Christ, including ecstatic consummations and vivid phantom pregnancies. Female mystics also became increasingly intimate with their confessors and other clerical confidants, who were sometimes represented as stand-ins for the celestial bridegroom. The dramatic merging of the spiritual and physical in female expressions of religiosity made church authorities fearful, an anxiety that would coalesce around the figure of the witch and her carnal induction into the Sabbath.

Where the Hell Is God?

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Publisher : Paulist Press
ISBN 13 : 1616430850
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (164 download)

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Book Synopsis Where the Hell Is God? by : Richard Leonard, Sj

Download or read book Where the Hell Is God? written by Richard Leonard, Sj and published by Paulist Press. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combines professional insights along with the author's own experience and insights to speculate on how believers can make sense of their Christian faith when confronted with tragedy and suffering.

Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell

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Publisher : Zondervan
ISBN 13 : 0310298288
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell by : Kenneth D. Boa

Download or read book Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell written by Kenneth D. Boa and published by Zondervan. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking Clearly and Biblically about Eternity, Afterlife, and Death Did you know that the original biblical languages use several words for heaven and hell that mean different things? Did you know that there are different beliefs about how many heavens and hells there are? To make matters still more confusing, other religions and philosophies have contributed their own ideas to the mix until it's hard to separate sound biblical teaching from speculation, falsehood, and folklore. Sense and Nonsense about Heaven and Hell by Kenneth Boa—author of spiritual formation bestseller Conformed to His Image—helps you cut through the clutter to see what the Bible really reveals about heaven and hell, salvation, and judgment. In this book, you'll learn: Why Jesus is the only means of understanding heaven or hell. Different biblical words for heaven and hell and what they likely meant to the authors who wrote them. A biblical understanding of whether "the fires of hell" are literal or figurative. What we can and can't know about heaven from what's been revealed in Scripture. A better understanding of God's judgment: who will go where, and why. Get ready for some surprises! This book will help you set aside your preconceptions and pierce through the myths and misinformation to gain an accurate, truly biblical perspective on heaven and hell.

Hell Hath No Fury

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300262663
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Hell Hath No Fury by : Meghan R. Henning

Download or read book Hell Hath No Fury written by Meghan R. Henning and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major book to examine ancient Christian literature on hell through the lenses of gender and disability studies Throughout the Christian tradition, descriptions of hell’s fiery torments have shaped contemporary notions of the afterlife, divine justice, and physical suffering. But rarely do we consider the roots of such conceptions, which originate in a group of understudied ancient texts: the early Christian apocalypses. In this pioneering study, Meghan Henning illuminates how the bodies that populate hell in early Christian literature—largely those of women, enslaved persons, and individuals with disabilities—are punished after death in spaces that mirror real carceral spaces, effectually criminalizing those bodies on earth. Contextualizing the apocalypses alongside ancient medical texts, inscriptions, philosophy, and patristic writings, this book demonstrates the ways that Christian depictions of hell intensified and preserved ancient notions of gender and bodily normativity that continue to inform Christian identity.

Crucible of Hell

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Publisher : Hachette Books
ISBN 13 : 031653465X
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Crucible of Hell by : Saul David

Download or read book Crucible of Hell written by Saul David and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the award-winning historian, Saul David, the riveting narrative of the heroic US troops, bonded by the brotherhood and sacrifice of war, who overcame enormous casualties to pull off the toughest invasion of WWII's Pacific Theater -- and the Japanese forces who fought with tragic desperation to stop them. With Allied forces sweeping across Europe and into Germany in the spring of 1945, one enormous challenge threatened to derail America's audacious drive to win the world back from the Nazis: Japan, the empire that had extended its reach southward across the Pacific and was renowned for the fanaticism and brutality of its fighters, who refused to surrender, even when faced with insurmountable odds. Taking down Japan would require an unrelenting attack to break its national spirit, and launching such an attack on the island empire meant building an operations base just off its shores on the island of Okinawa. The amphibious operation to capture Okinawa was the largest of the Pacific War and the greatest air-land-sea battle in history, mobilizing 183,000 troops from Seattle, Leyte in the Philippines, and ports around the world. The campaign lasted for 83 blood-soaked days, as the fighting plumbed depths of savagery. One veteran, struggling to make sense of what he had witnessed, referred to the fighting as the "crucible of Hell." Okinawan civilians died in the tens of thousands: some were mistaken for soldiers by American troops; but as the US Marines spearheading the invasion drove further onto the island and Japanese defeat seemed inevitable, many more civilians took their own lives, some even murdering their own families. In just under three months, the world had changed irrevocably: President Franklin D. Roosevelt died; the war in Europe ended; America's appetite for an invasion of Japan had waned, spurring President Truman to use other means -- ultimately atomic bombs -- to end the war; and more than 250,000 servicemen and civilians on or near the island of Okinawa had lost their lives. Drawing on archival research in the US, Japan, and the UK, and the original accounts of those who survived, Crucible of Hell tells the vivid, heart-rending story of the battle that changed not just the course of WWII, but the course of war, forever.

Heaven Is Real But So Is Hell

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Publisher : Tate Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9781631858864
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (588 download)

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Book Synopsis Heaven Is Real But So Is Hell by : Vassula Ryden

Download or read book Heaven Is Real But So Is Hell written by Vassula Ryden and published by Tate Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Some people hear music in their ears and write symphonies; others see numbers in their mind's eye and solve amazing mathematical equations. I've been called to see the supernatural."" Heaven is Real But So is Hell is the story of Vassula's amazing journey. It started one day in November of 1985 and has propelled her since then on God's mission to reveal the truth to the world. Her conversations with God bring a clear message for the whole of humanity to return to the path of virtue. It brings a timely and critical message for our world and will be one of the most thought provoking books you'll ever read. This book is the story of her amazing encounters and what they mean for all of us. It gives us a glimpse of God's love and justice and of what is to come. This is a book with a strong message of hope. It is a book that will awaken not only for those who have strayed but also those who are still seeking their way.

Hell Above Earth

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Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1429956828
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Hell Above Earth by : Stephen Frater

Download or read book Hell Above Earth written by Stephen Frater and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2012-03-13 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "After the twists and turns in Goering's many missions, Frater finishes with a stunning revelation . . . the author delivers an exciting read full of little-known facts about the war. A WWII thrill ride." - Kirkus Reviews The U.S. air battle over Nazi Germany in WWII was hell above earth. For bomber crews, every day they flew was like D-Day, exacting a terrible physical and emotional toll. Twenty-year-old U.S. Captain Werner Goering, accepted this, even thrived on and welcomed the adrenaline rush. He was an exceptional pilot—and the nephew of Hermann Göring, leading member of the Nazi party and commander-in-chief of the Luftwaffe. The FBI and the American military would not prevent Werner from serving his American homeland, but neither would they risk the propaganda coup that his desertion or capture would represent for Nazi Germany. J. Edgar Hoover issued a top-secret order that if Captain Goering's plane was downed for any reason over Nazi-occupied Europe, someone would be there in the cockpit to shoot Goering dead. FBI agents found a man capable of accomplishing the task in Jack Rencher, a tough, insular B-17 instructor who also happened to be one of the Army's best pistol shots. That Jack and Werner became unlikely friends is just one more twist in one of the most incredible untold tales of WWII.

Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190929278
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God by : R. Zachary Manis

Download or read book Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God written by R. Zachary Manis and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why would a perfectly good and loving God consign anyone to eternal suffering in hell? In Sinners in the Presence of a Loving God, R. Zachary Manis examines in detail the various facets of the problem of hell, considers the reasons why the usual responses to the problem are unsatisfying, and suggests how an adequate solution to the problem can be constructed. Historically, there are four standard explanations of the nature and purpose of hell: traditionalism, annihilationism, the choice model, and universalism. In Manis's assessment, all are deficient in some crucial respect. The alternative view that he develops and defends, the divine presence model, stands within the tradition that understands hell to be a state of eternal conscious suffering, but, Manis contends, avoids the worst problems of its competitors. The key idea is that the suffering of hell is not the result of a divine act that aims to inflict it, but rather is the way in which a sinful creature necessarily experiences the unmitigated presence of a holy God. Heaven and hell are not two "places" to which the saved and damned are consigned, respectively, but rather are two radically different ways in which different persons will experience the same reality of God's omnipresence once the barrier of divine hiddenness is finally removed.

The History of Hell

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Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
ISBN 13 : 9780156001373
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of Hell by : Alice K. Turner

Download or read book The History of Hell written by Alice K. Turner and published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. This book was released on 1993 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of how, over the past 4,000 years, religious leaders, poets, painters, and ordinary people have visualized Hell--its location, architecture, furnishings, purpose, and inhabitants.