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The Formal Complexity Of Natural Language
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Book Synopsis The Formal Complexity of Natural Language by : W.J. Savitch
Download or read book The Formal Complexity of Natural Language written by W.J. Savitch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since Chomsky laid the framework for a mathematically formal theory of syntax, two classes of formal models have held wide appeal. The finite state model offered simplicity. At the opposite extreme numerous very powerful models, most notable transformational grammar, offered generality. As soon as this mathematical framework was laid, devastating arguments were given by Chomsky and others indicating that the finite state model was woefully inadequate for the syntax of natural language. In response, the completely general transformational grammar model was advanced as a suitable vehicle for capturing the description of natural language syntax. While transformational grammar seems likely to be adequate to the task, many researchers have advanced the argument that it is "too adequate. " A now classic result of Peters and Ritchie shows that the model of transformational grammar given in Chomsky's Aspects [IJ is powerful indeed. So powerful as to allow it to describe any recursively enumerable set. In other words it can describe the syntax of any language that is describable by any algorithmic process whatsoever. This situation led many researchers to reasses the claim that natural languages are included in the class of transformational grammar languages. The conclu sion that many reached is that the claim is void of content, since, in their view, it says little more than that natural language syntax is doable algo rithmically and, in the framework of modern linguistics, psychology or neuroscience, that is axiomatic.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing by : Alexander Clark
Download or read book The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing written by Alexander Clark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-24 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of the concepts, methodologies, and applications in computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). Features contributions by the top researchers in the field, reflecting the work that is driving the discipline forward Includes an introduction to the major theoretical issues in these fields, as well as the central engineering applications that the work has produced Presents the major developments in an accessible way, explaining the close connection between scientific understanding of the computational properties of natural language and the creation of effective language technologies Serves as an invaluable state-of-the-art reference source for computational linguists and software engineers developing NLP applications in industrial research and development labs of software companies
Book Synopsis Computational Complexity and Natural Language by : G. Edward Barton
Download or read book Computational Complexity and Natural Language written by G. Edward Barton and published by Bradford Books. This book was released on 1987-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Complexity and Natural Language heralds an entirely new way of looking at grammatical systems. It applies the recently developed computer science tool of complexity theory to the study of natural language. A unified and coherent account emerges of how complexity theory can probe the information-processing structure of grammars, discovering why a grammar is easy or difficult to process and suggesting where to look for additional grammatical constraints. For the linguist or cognitive scientist, the book presents a nontechnical introduction to complexity theory and discusses its strengths, its weaknesses, and how it can be used to study grammars. For the computer scientist, it offers a more sophisticated and efficient computational analysis of linguistic theories. Given the variety of new techniques rising from complexity theory, the authors foresee a developing cooperation among linguists, cognitive scientists, and computer scientists toward understanding the nature of human language. The book also describes a set of case studies that use complexity theory to analyze grammatical problems. And it examines several grammatical systems currently of interest to computational linguists - including spelling-change/dictionary lookup and morphological analysis, agreement processes in natural language, and lexical-functional grammar - demonstrating how complexity analysis can illuminate and improve each one. All of the authors are at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Robert C. Berwick is an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. A Bradford Book.
Book Synopsis Syntactic Complexity across Interfaces by : Andreas Trotzke
Download or read book Syntactic Complexity across Interfaces written by Andreas Trotzke and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syntactic complexity has always been a matter of intense investigation in formal linguistics. Since complex syntax is clearly evidenced by sentential embedding and since embedding of one clause/phrase in another is taken to signal recursivity of the grammar, the capacity of computing syntactic complexity is of central interest to the recent hypothesis that syntactic recursion is the defining property of natural language. In the light of more recent claims according to which complex syntax is not a universal property of all living languages, the issue of how to detect and define syntactic complexity has been revived with a combination of classical and new arguments. This volume contains contributions about the formal complexity of natural language, about specific issues of clausal embedding, and about syntactic complexity in terms of grammar-external interfaces in the domain of language acquisition.
Book Synopsis The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) by : Robert A. Wilson
Download or read book The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) written by Robert A. Wilson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-09-04 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s the cognitive sciences have offered multidisciplinary ways of understanding the mind and cognition. The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) is a landmark, comprehensive reference work that represents the methodological and theoretical diversity of this changing field. At the core of the encyclopedia are 471 concise entries, from Acquisition and Adaptationism to Wundt and X-bar Theory. Each article, written by a leading researcher in the field, provides an accessible introduction to an important concept in the cognitive sciences, as well as references or further readings. Six extended essays, which collectively serve as a roadmap to the articles, provide overviews of each of six major areas of cognitive science: Philosophy; Psychology; Neurosciences; Computational Intelligence; Linguistics and Language; and Culture, Cognition, and Evolution. For both students and researchers, MITECS will be an indispensable guide to the current state of the cognitive sciences.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Formal Language Theory by : Robert N. Moll
Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Language Theory written by Robert N. Moll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of formal languages and of related families of automata has long been at the core of theoretical computer science. Until recently, the main reasons for this centrality were connected with the specification and analy sis of programming languages, which led naturally to the following ques tions. How might a grammar be written for such a language? How could we check whether a text were or were not a well-formed program generated by that grammar? How could we parse a program to provide the structural analysis needed by a compiler? How could we check for ambiguity to en sure that a program has a unique analysis to be passed to the computer? This focus on programming languages has now been broadened by the in creasing concern of computer scientists with designing interfaces which allow humans to communicate with computers in a natural language, at least concerning problems in some well-delimited domain of discourse. The necessary work in computational linguistics draws on studies both within linguistics (the analysis of human languages) and within artificial intelligence. The present volume is the first textbook to combine the topics of formal language theory traditionally taught in the context of program ming languages with an introduction to issues in computational linguistics. It is one of a series, The AKM Series in Theoretical Computer Science, designed to make key mathematical developments in computer science readily accessible to undergraduate and beginning graduate students.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Computational Linguistics by : Roland Hausser
Download or read book Foundations of Computational Linguistics written by Roland Hausser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central task of future-oriented computational linguistics is the development of cognitive machines which humans can freely speak to in their natural language. This will involve the development of a functional theory of language, an objective method of verification, and a wide range of practical applications. Natural communication requires not only verbal processing, but also non-verbal perception and action. Therefore, the content of this book is organized as a theory of language for the construction of talking robots with a focus on the mechanics of natural language communication in both the listener and the speaker.
Book Synopsis Foundations of Computational Linguistics by : Roland Hausser
Download or read book Foundations of Computational Linguistics written by Roland Hausser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an interdisciplinary field, computational linguistics has its sources in several areas of science, each with its own goals, methods, and historical background. Thereby, it has remained unclear which components fit together and which do not. This suggests three possible approaches to designing a computational linguistics textbook. The first approach proceeds from one's own school of thought, usually determined of study, rather than by a well-informed, delib by chance, such as one's initial place erate choice. The goal is to extend the inherited theoretical framework or method to as many aspects of language analysis as possible. As a consequence, the issue of com pat ibility with other approaches in the field need not be addressed and one's assumptions are questioned at best in connection with 'puzzling problems. ' The second approach takes the viewpoint of an objective observer and aims to survey the field as completely as possible. However, the large number of different schools, methods, and tasks necessitates a subjective selection. Furthermore, the pre sumed neutrality provides no incentive to investigate the compatibility between the elements selected. The third approach aims at solving a comprehensive functional task, with the differ To arrive at the desired solution, suitability ent approaches being ordered relative to it. and compatibility of the different elements adopted must be investigated with regard to the task at hand.
Book Synopsis Two-Step Approaches to Natural Language Formalism by : Frank Morawietz
Download or read book Two-Step Approaches to Natural Language Formalism written by Frank Morawietz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified formal approach to various contemporary linguistic formalisms such as Government & Binding, Minimalism or Tree Adjoining Grammar. Through a careful introduction of mathematical techniques from logic, automata theory and universal algebra, the book aims at graduate students and researchers who want to learn more about tightly constrained logical approaches to natural language syntax. Therefore it features a complete and well illustrated introduction to the connection between declarative approaches formalized in monadic second-order logic (MSO) and generative ones formalized in various forms of automata as well as of tree grammars. Since MSO logic (on trees) yields only context-free languages, and at least the last two of the formalisms mentioned above clearly belong to the class of mildly context-sensitive formalisms, it becomes necessary to deal with the problem of the descriptive complexity of the formalisms involved in another way. The proposed genuinely new two-step approach overcomes this limitation of MSO logic while still retaining the desired tightly controlled formal properties.
Book Synopsis The Mathematics of Language by : Makoto Kanazawa
Download or read book The Mathematics of Language written by Makoto Kanazawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th Biennial Meeting on Mathematics in Language, MOL 12, held in Nara, Japan, in September 2011. Presented in this volume are 12 carefully selected papers, as well as the paper of the invited speaker Andreas Maletti. The papers cover such diverse topics as formal languages (string and tree transducers, grammar-independent syntactic structures, probabilistic and weighted context-free grammars, formalization of minimalist syntax), parsing and unification, lexical and compositional semantics, statistical language models, and theories of truth.
Book Synopsis Controlled Natural Language by : Norbert E Fuchs
Download or read book Controlled Natural Language written by Norbert E Fuchs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-07-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are subsets of natural languages, obtained by - stricting the grammar and vocabulary in order to reduce or eliminate ambiguity and complexity. Traditionally, controlled languagesfall into two major types: those that - prove readability for human readers, and those that enable reliable automatic semantic analysis of the language. [. . . ] The second type of languages has a formal logical basis, i. e. they have a formal syntax and semantics, and can be mapped to an existing formal language, such as ?rst-order logic. Thus, those languages can be used as knowledge representation languages, and writing of those languages is supported by fully au- matic consistency and redundancy checks, query answering, etc. Wikipedia Variouscontrollednatural languagesof the second type have been developedby a n- ber of organizations, and have been used in many different application domains, most recently within the Semantic Web. The workshop CNL 2009 was dedicated to discussing the similarities and the d- ferences of existing controlled natural languages of the second type, possible impro- ments to these languages, relations to other knowledge representation languages, tool support, existing and future applications, and further topics of interest.
Book Synopsis Formal Languages and Applications by : Carlos Martin-Vide
Download or read book Formal Languages and Applications written by Carlos Martin-Vide and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal Languages and Applications provides a comprehensive study-aid and self-tutorial for graduates students and researchers. The main results and techniques are presented in an readily accessible manner and accompanied by many references and directions for further research. This carefully edited monograph is intended to be the gateway to formal language theory and its applications, so it is very useful as a review and reference source of information in formal language theory.
Book Synopsis Encyclopaedia of Mathematics by : Michiel Hazewinkel
Download or read book Encyclopaedia of Mathematics written by Michiel Hazewinkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATHEMATICS aims to be a reference work for all parts of mathe matics. It is a translation with updates and editorial comments of the Soviet Mathematical Encyclopaedia published by 'Soviet Encyclopaedia Publishing House' in five volumes in 1977-1985. The annotated translation consists of ten volumes including a special index volume. There are three kinds of articles in this ENCYCLOPAEDIA. First of all there are survey-type articles dealing with the various main directions in mathematics (where a rather fine subdivi sion has been used). The main requirement for these articles has been that they should give a reasonably complete up-to-date account of the current state of affairs in these areas and that they should be maximally accessible. On the whole, these articles should be understandable to mathematics students in their first specialization years, to graduates from other mathematical areas and, depending on the specific subject, to specialists in other domains of science, en gineers and teachers of mathematics. These articles treat their material at a fairly general level and aim to give an idea of the kind of problems, techniques and concepts involved in the area in question. They also contain background and motivation rather than precise statements of precise theorems with detailed definitions and technical details on how to carry out proofs and constructions. The second kind of article, of medium length, contains more detailed concrete problems, results and techniques.
Book Synopsis Two-step Approaches to Natural Language Formalisms by : Frank Morawietz
Download or read book Two-step Approaches to Natural Language Formalisms written by Frank Morawietz and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2003 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unified formal approach to various contemporary linguistic formalisms such as Government & Binding, Minimalism or Tree Adjoining Grammar. Through a careful introduction of mathematical techniques from logic, automata theory and universal algebra, the book aims at graduate students and researchers who want to learn more about tightly constrained logical approaches to natural language syntax. Therefore it features a complete and well illustrated introduction to the connection between declarative approaches formalized in monadic second-order logic (MSO) and generative ones formalized in various forms of automata as well as of tree grammars. Since MSO logic (on trees) yields only context-free languages, and at least the last two of the formalisms mentioned above clearly belong to the class of mildly context-sensitive formalisms, it becomes necessary to deal with the problem of the descriptive complexity of the formalisms involved in another way. The proposed genuinely new two-step approach overcomes this limitation of MSO logic while still retaining the desired tightly controlled formal properties.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics by : Ruslan Mitkov
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics written by Ruslan Mitkov and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-23 with total page 1312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruslan Mitkov's highly successful Oxford Handbook of Computational Linguistics has been substantially revised and expanded in this second edition. Alongside updated accounts of the topics covered in the first edition, it includes 17 new chapters on subjects such as semantic role-labelling, text-to-speech synthesis, translation technology, opinion mining and sentiment analysis, and the application of Natural Language Processing in educational and biomedical contexts, among many others. The volume is divided into four parts that examine, respectively: the linguistic fundamentals of computational linguistics; the methods and resources used, such as statistical modelling, machine learning, and corpus annotation; key language processing tasks including text segmentation, anaphora resolution, and speech recognition; and the major applications of Natural Language Processing, from machine translation to author profiling. The book will be an essential reference for researchers and students in computational linguistics and Natural Language Processing, as well as those working in related industries.
Book Synopsis Foundations on Natural and Artificial Computation by : José M. Ferrández
Download or read book Foundations on Natural and Artificial Computation written by José M. Ferrández and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes, LNCS 6686 resp. LNCS 6687, constitute the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Work-Conference on the Interplay between Natural and Artificial Computation, IWINAC 2011, held in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain, in May/June 2011. The 108 revised full papers presented in LNCS 6686 resp. LNCS 6687 were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The first part, LNCS 6686, entitled "Foundations on Natural and Artificial Computation", includes all the contributions mainly related to the methodological, conceptual, formal, and experimental developments in the fields of neurophysiology and cognitive science. The second part, LNCS 6687, entitled "New Challenges on Bioinspired Applications", contains the papers related to bioinspired programming strategies and all the contributions related to the computational solutions to engineering problems in different application domains, specially Health applications, including the CYTED ``Artificial and Natural Computation for Health'' (CANS) research network papers.
Book Synopsis Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 15th International Conference by : Sara Rodríguez
Download or read book Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions, 15th International Conference written by Sara Rodríguez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the outcomes of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, held in Toledo (Spain) from 20th to 22nd June 2018 and hosted by the UCLM, and which brought together researchers and developers from industry, education and the academic world to report on the latest scientific research, technical advances and methodologies. Highlighting multi-disciplinary and transversal aspects, the book focuses on the conferences Special Sessions, including Advances in Demand Response and Renewable Energy Sources in Smart Grids (ADRESS); AI- Driven Methods for Multimodal Networks and Processes Modeling (AIMPM); Social Modelling of Ambient Intelligence in Large Facilities (SMAILF); Communications, Electronics and Signal Processing (CESP); Complexity in Natural and Formal Languages (CNFL); and Web and Social Media Mining (WASMM).
