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The Financing Of Pension Systems In Central And Eastern Europe An Overview Of Major Trends And Their Determinants 1990 1993
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Book Synopsis The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe by : Emily S. Andrews
Download or read book The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe written by Emily S. Andrews and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmentally Sustainable Development Agricultural Research and Extension Series: Banana Improvement Project Report No. 1. Presents an overview of current and planned activities in institutions working on the Banana Improvement Project, co-sponsored by the Common Fund for Commodities, the FAO Intergovernmental Group on Bananas, and the World Bank. The project has two important objectives: to develop improved banana varieties suitable for the international market and to improve pest and disease control practices with the object of reducing pesticide use and its harmful environmental impact.
Book Synopsis The financing of pension systems in central and eastern Europe : an overview of major trends and their determinants, 1990-1993 by : Emily S. Andrews
Download or read book The financing of pension systems in central and eastern Europe : an overview of major trends and their determinants, 1990-1993 written by Emily S. Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe by : Emily S. Andrews
Download or read book The Financing of Pension Systems in Central and Eastern Europe written by Emily S. Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Pension Systems in Eastern Europe and Central Asia by : David C. Lindeman
Download or read book The Evolution of Pension Systems in Eastern Europe and Central Asia written by David C. Lindeman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1990s the transition economy countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia have had to adapt their pension systems in minor and often very major ways. Some of the changes relate to shrinking contribution bases and the inability of government's to finance prior commitments, while still having to protect the pensioned populations from poverty. Other changes, however, reflect the need to make pension systems more sustainable in light of forthcoming demographic changes. The reforms entail a move away from a single-pillar pay-as-you-go defined benefit systems toward multi-pillar systems that include a funded defined contribution component, and change that convert remaining pay-as-you-go components into ones that are more self sustaining and transparent. The paper describes ongoing developments, assesses the effects of current and forthcoming challenges in light of potential labor market changes, and examines choices for a new pensions system with respect to the organization, administration, guarantees, transition arrangements, participation requirements, role of the government, annuitization, and other factors. The paper concludes that though a 'one-size-fits-all' approach is clearly not appropriate, some practices emerging from the experiences in this region and elsewhere may offer useful guidance to others as they undertake deeper pension reforms.
Book Synopsis Improving Women's Health Services in the Russian Federation by :
Download or read book Improving Women's Health Services in the Russian Federation written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 404. The health of Russian women has suffered during the economic crisis of recent years. Morbidity and mortality from chronic and infectious diseases have increased. Women's reproductive health has been compromised by an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and by lack of access to up-to-date, high quality maternity and family planning services. This paper summarizes this current situation and reports on the findings of one element of the World Banks assistance to improve health care in the Russian Federation: a field testing of revised protocols for the care of women and infants.
Book Synopsis Options for Rural Telecommunications Development by : Andrew Dymond
Download or read book Options for Rural Telecommunications Development written by Andrew Dymond and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 366. The quantitative and qualitative approaches to poverty measurement and analysis have often been treated by practitioners as two distinct--even opposing--approaches. This paper highlights the key characteristics of the two approaches, examines the strengths and weaknesses of each, and analyzes the potential for combining the two approaches in analytical work on poverty. The main conclusion of this paper is that sole reliance on either the quantitative or the qualitative approach is often likely to be less desirable than combining the two.
Book Synopsis Environmental Management and Institutions in OECD Countries by : Magda Lovei
Download or read book Environmental Management and Institutions in OECD Countries written by Magda Lovei and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As environmental protection is attracting increasing political attention and public support, many developing countries are designing and putting into practice environmental institutions. This study analyzes the experience of several OECD countries in order to identify factors that influence the role and success of environmental management; possible causes of the discrepancy between national environmental objectives and actual performance; and implications of lessons learned and recommendations for countries that are in the process of establishing or redesigning their environmental management systems.
Book Synopsis Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand by : Philip Sayeg
Download or read book Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in Thailand written by Philip Sayeg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Government of Thailand within a five-year period (1991-95) introduced a series of initiatives that resulted in the elimination of leaded gasoline and reduction of ambient lead by a factor of 10. This report describes the strategies the government employed: educating about the dangers of airborne lead; setting a lower at-pump price for unleaded gasoline; helping the oil companies establish a system to distribute unleaded gasoline throughout the country; conducting monitoring and follow-up studies; and adjusting environmental regulations as necessary to support these policies.
Book Synopsis Clean Fuels for Asia by : Michael Walsh
Download or read book Clean Fuels for Asia written by Michael Walsh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline, alternative fuels.
Book Synopsis From Farmers to Fishers by : Barry A. Costa-Pierce
Download or read book From Farmers to Fishers written by Barry A. Costa-Pierce and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With external financial help and advice, Poland has made great strides toward sustainable growth. The country's currency is stable, its international creditworthiness has been restored, and its private sector now accounts for two-thirds of GDP. This review evaluates the overall relevance, efficacy, and efficiency of World Bank assistance to Poland and finds that the Bank's technical advice and intellectual support were pivotal in facilitating the work of Polish reformers. The book explores various stages in the evolution of the Bank's assistance to Poland: systemic and institutional transformation and social improvement; private sector and infrastructure development; implementation and supervision; and, results and recommendations. Boxes, figures, and tables illustrate the Bank's assistance strategy, including information on the distribution of Bank resources among Central Eastern and European countries, total Bank commitments to Poland by fiscal year, and a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of Bank assistance to Poland.
Book Synopsis Financial Market Fragmentation and Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Ernest Aryeetey
Download or read book Financial Market Fragmentation and Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Ernest Aryeetey and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FIAS Occasional Paper No. 9. Many developing countries have made dramatic progress in promoting private sector participation in their infrastructure sectors, especially with the help of foreign investors. However, this has not been the case in Southern and Eastern Africa, which have been perceived as relatively unattractive locations for investment. This paper describes the state of infrastructure in the region, takes stock of actual and potential projects in the various sectors, and analyzes the main impediments to private investment in the region's infrastructure services.
Book Synopsis World Bank Group Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and Reform in Member Countries by : William Torrens Onorato
Download or read book World Bank Group Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and Reform in Member Countries written by William Torrens Onorato and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 399. This paper examines the increased role of the private sector in developing and maintaining critical infrastructure. It identifies governments' quest to shift part of the burden of new infrastructure investments to the private sector for the economic development of firms and industry and the improvement of quality of life and, given the constraints on public budgets, to finance growing infrastructure needs. Adequate infrastructure services include power, telecommunications, transport, water supply and sanitation. The paper also emphasizes the private sector involvement in bringing increased efficiency to investment and management and operation.
Book Synopsis Subsidies in World Fisheries by : Matteo Milazzo
Download or read book Subsidies in World Fisheries written by Matteo Milazzo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past six years, the world's fishery sector has reached a turning point with global fish production reaching a plateau of approximately 100 million tons annually. While aquaculture output continued to grow, yields from capture fisheries were uneven and showed increasing signs of stagnation because of widespread overfishing and overcapitalization, ineffective management, deteriorating resource health, declining or flat global harvests, and inefficient economic and trade policies. This paper examines the role of subsidies in fisheries.
Book Synopsis Civil Service Reform in Francophone Africa by : 'Ladipo Adamolekun
Download or read book Civil Service Reform in Francophone Africa written by 'Ladipo Adamolekun and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's financial markets are rapidly integrating into a single global marketplace, and developing countries are being drawn into this process starting from different points and moving at various speeds. Those with adequate institutions and sound policies in place may proceed smoothly along the road toward financial integration and gain the many benefits that integration can bring. Most of the developing economies lack many of the necesssary prerequisites for such a move; a few are so unprepared that integration may do them more harm than good. Developing countries may have little choice about whether to follow this path'advances in communications and new developments in finance have made the course inevitable'but they may still choose the ways in which they proceed, choosing the policies that benefit the economy and averting potential shocks. This World Bank report looks at the important challenges both sets of countries face in a new age of global capital. The book presents new and compelling evidence that, while low interest rates in industrial countries provided an initial impetus to the surge in private capital flows during 1989-93, these flows have entered a new phase, driven by increased financial integration . The report analyzes the causes and effects of integration, with a particular emphasis on how developing countries in the nascent stages of integration can learn from the experiences of the more rapidly integrating developing countries.
Book Synopsis Setting Priorities for Environmental Management by : Wendy S. Ayres
Download or read book Setting Priorities for Environmental Management written by Wendy S. Ayres and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining and industrial activities, if poorly managed, can damage the environment and leave behind contaminated soils, polluted groundwater, and waste material. The two papers in this volume illustrate the methodologies developed for selecting priority sites for remediating environmental problems due to mining. It also describes the high priority investments that would provide the greatest benefits for the available resources. The methodologies have broad application and could be used to identify priority remediation investments in other sectors where past activities have led to environmental problems.
Book Synopsis Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture by : Ariel Dinar
Download or read book Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture written by Ariel Dinar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the Ricardian approach (a cross sectional analysis of farm performance across different climate zones), this report examines the impact of climate change on the agriculture sector and the sector's adaptation to that change. Studies in the report measure the climate sensitivity of low-capital agriculture, test whether actual farm performance is as sensitive to climate as agronomic models predict, and compare the climate sensitivity of low-capital farms with the results already calibrated for U.S. agriculture. The goal of the study is to examine farm behavior and test whether there is any evidence that farmers in developing countries currently adjust to their local climates.
Book Synopsis Concessions for Infrastructure by : Michel Kerf
Download or read book Concessions for Infrastructure written by Michel Kerf and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the increased role of the private sector in developing and maintaining critical infrastructure. It identifies governments' quest to shift part of the burden of new infrastructure investments to the private sector for the economic development of firms and industry and the improvement of quality of life and, given the constraints on public budgets, to finance growing infrastructure needs. Adequate infrastructure services include power, telecommunications, transport, water supply and sanitation. The paper also emphasizes the private sector involvement in bringing increased efficiency to investment and management and operation.
