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The Facilitative Role Of Trees In Tree Grass Interactions In Savannas
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Book Synopsis The Facilitative Role of Trees in Tree-grass Interactions in Savannas by :
Download or read book The Facilitative Role of Trees in Tree-grass Interactions in Savannas written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tree-grass and Tree-tree Interactions in a Temperate Savanna by : Mark Trevor Simmons
Download or read book Tree-grass and Tree-tree Interactions in a Temperate Savanna written by Mark Trevor Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Savannas comprise over one eighth of the world's land surface with some 50 Mha in North America alone. They are productive systems supporting a high level of both faunal and floral diversity and are of increasing socioeconomic importance. The maintenance and formation of savannas have been attributed to climate, soils, herbivory and fire. However, the reasons for the coexistence of trees and the grass layer have still to be determined. These two contrasting life forms create a complex of intra- and interspecific positive, negative, and neutral interactions, few of which have been quantified. Under lower-than-average rainfall, tree effects on grasses in a Prosopis savanna in northern Texas were largely neutral with few measurable competitive or facultative effects from the tree canopy. However, grasses demonstrated increased productivity where belowground competition with neighboring trees was removed. Similarly, tree growth increased following the removal of grasses under and around individual trees, particularly on shallower soils, but only during a season of significant precipitation. Low intensity burning of grasses enhanced growth of adult trees, but patterns were inconsistent between two different sites. Moderate clipping around individual trees had no apparent effect on tree growth. Intraspecific competition between savanna trees was not evident, but may have been blurred by an extensive, lateral distribution of near-surface roots. Overall, tree intraspecific competition was neutral regardless of soil depth, suggesting lateral tree roots may be only used opportunistically. Although some competitive relationships were verified, the differences in the responses between the two years of study, and at different sites indicated that soil depth and climate may have overriding impacts on tree-grass interactions and savanna dynamics in this system.
Book Synopsis Tree-grass Interactions in an East African Savanna by : Corinna Riginos
Download or read book Tree-grass Interactions in an East African Savanna written by Corinna Riginos and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Function in Savannas by : Michael J. Hill
Download or read book Ecosystem Function in Savannas written by Michael J. Hill and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fascinating and diverse, savanna ecosystems support a combination of pastoral and agropastoral communities alongside wild and domestic herbivores that can be found nowhere else. This diversity has made the study of these areas problematic. Ecosystem Function in Savannas: Measurement and Modeling at Landscape to Global Scales addresses some of the d
Book Synopsis Tree-grass Interactions on an East African Savanna by : Fulco Ludwig
Download or read book Tree-grass Interactions on an East African Savanna written by Fulco Ludwig and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Rangelands, Semi-arid areas, stable isotopes, Acacia, C 4- grasses, plant nutrients, soil nutrients, soil water, plant water relations.
Book Synopsis Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Savanna Tree Species to Grass Competiton by : Benjamin Luke Ketter
Download or read book Morphological and Physiological Responses of Two Savanna Tree Species to Grass Competiton written by Benjamin Luke Ketter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between trees and grasses in savannas have been studies quite extensively, yet the mechanism by which trees and grasses coexist is still not completely clear. The strength of tree-grass interactions can potentially vary across environmental gradients and among tree species, but the ecophysiological explanations for this remain poorly understood. In particular, it remains unclear to what extent tree-grass rooting differences affect the strength of tree-grass competition. I conducted a greenhouse experiment in which I grew 20 seedlings of each of two common African savanna tree species (Acacia nigrescens and Colophospermum mopane) with and without grasses in large containers. To assess how water availability in upper vs. lower soil layers affects tree-grass interactions, I crossed the grass competition treatment with a watering treatment that provided irrigation at two different depths (surface irrigation vs. irrigation at 20 cm depth). I tied back the grasses to minimize effects of light limitation in containers with vs. without grass. I monitored tree seedling growth, soil moisture availability, photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance over the course of 14 weeks. I simulated a watering regime of 650 mm y−1 . Grass presence exerted clear effects on both tree species. I found significant negative effects on total seedling biomass, and leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rates. In all cases I found significant species × grass competition effects, suggesting that the extent of the grass effect varied by tree species. A. nigrescens, which was faster-growing and had higher photosynthetic rates than C. mopane, experienced proportionately greater declines in growth, photosynthesis and transpiration than C. mopane. The irrigation treatment had no impact on the tree response, either alone or in the presence of grass competition. I had assumed a priori that trees would be deeper-rooted than grasses, and benefit relative to grasses from deep irrigation, but an analysis of root profiles found that trees and and grasses did not differ in terms of median rooting depth. This result is somewhat consistent with field studies that find relatively little rooting separation in savanna trees and grasses in relatively mesic, sandy environments. I also found that the presence of grass in the containers had little to no effect of soil moisture availability, suggesting that the strong response of the tree seedlings to grass competition may not have been mediated by water limitation. Although I found evidence of a small effect of light limitation effects as a result of tree shading by grasses, the strong reduction in photosytnthesis rates in the presence of grasses is most likely the result of N limitation. Further research on the relative importance of water vs. N limitation in the tree-grass interaction would help resolve this question. My results are the first to show strong leaf-level physiological impacts of African savanna grasses on tree seedlings, and have important implications for our understanding of treegrass interactions in the savanna biome.
Book Synopsis Tree-grass Interactions on an East African Savanna by : Fulco Ludwig
Download or read book Tree-grass Interactions on an East African Savanna written by Fulco Ludwig and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Rangelands, Semi-arid areas, stable isotopes, Acacia, C 4- grasses, plant nutrients, soil nutrients, soil water, plant water relations.
Book Synopsis Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture by : Devendra K. Choudhary
Download or read book Plant-Microbe Interaction: An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture written by Devendra K. Choudhary and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses current public concern about the adverse effect of agrochemicals and their effect on the agro-ecosystem. This book also aims to satisfy and contribute to the increasing interest in understanding the co-operative activities among microbial populations and their interaction with plants. It contains chapters on a variety of interrelated aspects of plant-microbe interactions with a single theme of stress management and sustainable agriculture. The book will be very useful for students, academicians, researcher working on plant-microbe interaction and also for policy makers involved in food security and sustainable agriculture.
Book Synopsis Agroforestry by : Jagdish Chander Dagar
Download or read book Agroforestry written by Jagdish Chander Dagar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroforestry (AF) is a dynamic, ecologically based, natural resources management system that, by integrating trees on farms, ranches, and in other landscapes, diversifies and increases production and promotes social, economic, and environmental benefits for land users. Further, it is receiving increasing attention as a sustainable land-management option worldwide because of its ecological, economic, and social attributes. Advances have been achieved by building on past research accomplishments and expanding AF’s stakeholder base, which now includes private/public partnerships, communities, ecologists, farmers, indigenous peoples, and policymakers in both temperate and tropical countries. AF has now been recognized as a valuable problem-solving approach to ensuring food security and rebuilding resilient rural environments. Recent studies have shown that more than 1 billion hectares of agricultural land have more than 10% tree cover. Of this area, 160 million hectares have more than 50% tree cover. Agricultural ecosystems can be further improved through AF to achieve environmental restoration, greater farm productivity, and key ecological services, including climate change mitigation and adaptation for improved rural livelihood. In fact, it is largely considered synonymous with climate smart agriculture and a remedy for many modern environmental challenges. Consequently, AF’s knowledge base is being expanded at a rapid rate, as illustrated by the increasing number and quality of scientific publications on various forms and different aspects of AF. This book offers state-of-the-art information on the fundamental concepts and history of AF and its evolution as a science, presenting a wealth of advanced research results and evaluations relating to different aspects of AF. Accordingly, it will be useful for a broad readership, including students, foresters, farmers, local communities, indigenous peoples, civil society institutions, media, policymakers and the general public.
Book Synopsis Positive Interactions and Interdependence in Plant Communities by : Ragan M. Callaway
Download or read book Positive Interactions and Interdependence in Plant Communities written by Ragan M. Callaway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book marshals ecological literature from the last century on facilitation to make the case against the widely accepted individualistic notion of community organization. It examines the idea that positive interactions are more prevalent in physically stressful conditions. Coverage also includes species specificity in facilitative interactions, indirect facilitative interactions, and potential evolutionary aspects of positive interactions.
Book Synopsis Rangeland Systems by : David D. Briske
Download or read book Rangeland Systems written by David D. Briske and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book provides an unprecedented synthesis of the current status of scientific and management knowledge regarding global rangelands and the major challenges that confront them. It has been organized around three major themes. The first summarizes the conceptual advances that have occurred in the rangeland profession. The second addresses the implications of these conceptual advances to management and policy. The third assesses several major challenges confronting global rangelands in the 21st century. This book will compliment applied range management textbooks by describing the conceptual foundation on which the rangeland profession is based. It has been written to be accessible to a broad audience, including ecosystem managers, educators, students and policy makers. The content is founded on the collective experience, knowledge and commitment of 80 authors who have worked in rangelands throughout the world. Their collective contributions indicate that a more comprehensive framework is necessary to address the complex challenges confronting global rangelands. Rangelands represent adaptive social-ecological systems, in which societal values, organizations and capacities are of equal importance to, and interact with, those of ecological processes. A more comprehensive framework for rangeland systems may enable management agencies, and educational, research and policy making organizations to more effectively assess complex problems and develop appropriate solutions.
Book Synopsis Savanna Woody Plants and Large Herbivores by : Peter Frank Scogings
Download or read book Savanna Woody Plants and Large Herbivores written by Peter Frank Scogings and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-30 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insights on current research and recent developments in understanding global savanna systems Increasingly recognized as synonymous with tropical grassy biomes, savannas are found in tropical and sub-tropical climates as well as warm, temperate regions of North America. Savanna Woody Plants and Large Herbivores examines the interactions between woody plants and browsing mammals in global savannas—focusing primarily on the C4 grassy ecosystems with woody components that constitute the majority of global savannas—and discusses contemporary savanna management models and applications. This much-needed addition to current research examines topics including the varying behavior of browsing mammals, the response to browsing by woody species, and the factors that inhibit forage intake. Contributions from an international team of active researchers and experts compare and contrast different savanna ecosystems, offering a global perspective on savanna functioning, the roles of soil and climate in resource availability and organism interaction, and the possible impacts of climate change across global savannas. Fills a gap in literature on savanna management issues, including biodiversity conservation and animal production Applies concepts developed in other biomes to future savanna research Complements contemporary books on savanna or large herbivore ecology Focuses on the woody component of savanna ecosystems and large herbivore interactions in savannas Compares tree-mammal systems of savannas and other eco-systems of temperate and boreal regions Provides numerous case studies of plant-mammal interactions from various savanna ecosystems Savanna Woody Plants and Large Herbivores is a valuable addition to those in fields such as ecology, wildlife and conservation biology, natural resource management, and environmental science.
Book Synopsis Vegetation Ecology by : Eddy van der Maarel
Download or read book Vegetation Ecology written by Eddy van der Maarel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-24 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/vandermaarelfranklin/vegetationecology. Vegetation Ecology, 2nd Edition is a comprehensive, integrated account of plant communities and their environments. Written by leading experts in their field from four continents, the second edition of this book: covers the composition, structure, ecology, dynamics, diversity, biotic interactions and distribution of plant communities, with an emphasis on functional adaptations; reviews modern developments in vegetation ecology in a historical perspective; presents a coherent view on vegetation ecology while integrating population ecology, dispersal biology, soil biology, ecosystem ecology and global change studies; tackles applied aspects of vegetation ecology, including management of communities and invasive species; includes new chapters addressing the classification and mapping of vegetation, and the significance of plant functional types Vegetation Ecology, 2nd Edition is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers and teachers in plant ecology, geography, forestry and nature conservation. Vegetation Ecology takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and will be welcomed as an essential reference for plant ecologists the world over.
Book Synopsis Ecology, conservation, and restoration of grazing ecosystems in the anthropocene by : Steve Monfort
Download or read book Ecology, conservation, and restoration of grazing ecosystems in the anthropocene written by Steve Monfort and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Biology of African Savannahs by : Bryan Shorrocks
Download or read book The Biology of African Savannahs written by Bryan Shorrocks and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Savannah habitats comprise an ecologically important, but ultimately fragile, ecosystem. They constitute one of the largest biomes on Earth, covering almost 20% of the land surface, and can be simply described as tropical and subtropical grasslands with scattered bushes and trees. Most savannahs occur in Africa, although smaller areas can be found in South America, India, and Australia. They form a rich mosaic of diverse ecosystems, and this book offers a concise but comprehensive introduction to their ecology, biodiversity, and conservation. The Biology of African Savannahs describes the major plants (grasses, and trees such as Acacia) and animals (mainly large mammals) that live in this habitat, and examines the biological and ecological factors that influence their population size, interactions (such as predation), and community composition. Conservation issues such as climate change, hunting, and conflict between wildlife and domestic animals are also discussed. This new edition has been updated throughout with the latest research in the field, and contains new technique boxes which introduce readers to some of the analytical methods used to study African savannahs. This accessible text is suitable for both senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in savannah and tropical ecology as part of a wider ecology and/or conservation biology degree programme. It will also be of relevance and use to the many professional ecologists and conservation practitioners requiring a concise but authoritative overview of the topic.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II by : Iain J. Gordon
Download or read book The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing II written by Iain J. Gordon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic and wild large mammalian herbivores occur on every continent except Antarctica. Through their browsing and grazing, they affect the structure and distribution not only of vegetation, but also of associated fauna. Consequently, the interactions between management practices and herbivore populations influence the biodiversity, structure and dynamics of ecosystems across vast expanses around the globe: signs of human activity that will be detectable for epochs to come. As a follow-up work to The Ecology of Browsing and Grazing, published in 2008, this new volume presents cutting-edge research on the behaviour, distribution, movement, and direct and indirect impacts of domestic and wild herbivores on terrestrial ecosystems. The respective chapters highlight strategic and applied research on cross-cutting issues in palaeontology and ecology, and provide concrete recommendations on the management of large herbivores to integrate production and conservation in terrestrial systems. Given its scope, the book will appeal to students, researchers and anyone interested in understanding these fascinating wild animals and how they shape the natural world.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Neotropical Savannas by : Guillermo Sarmiento
Download or read book The Ecology of Neotropical Savannas written by Guillermo Sarmiento and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1984 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated view of the genesis of grasslands of the New World tropics, especially those of Venezuela.