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The Evolution Of The Airborne Forward Air Controller
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Book Synopsis The History Of The Airborne Forward Air Controller In Vietnam by : Lt.-Cmdr. Andrew R. Walton
Download or read book The History Of The Airborne Forward Air Controller In Vietnam written by Lt.-Cmdr. Andrew R. Walton and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Defense predicts that ground forces of the future will wage tomorrow’s wars by replacing large numbers of personnel and organic firepower for advanced technology and superior maneuverability. Those forces must be prepared to face an unconventional enemy who will operate in small, lethal units interspersed with the civilian population rather than facing coalition forces with massed formations. This scenario of blurred lines of battle and difficulty determining friend from foe resembles very closely what the U.S. military faced in Vietnam. This paper will address the successes and failures of United States airborne forward air controllers (FACs), particularly in Vietnam, and whether combat lessons learned were passed from service to service or historically from conflict to conflict. The FAC mission has not significantly changed since the end of the Vietnam War, and a thorough study of operational and tactical lessons learned by those aircrew will significantly enhance today’s FACs ability to find and destroy dispersed enemy forces in a wide array of environments.
Book Synopsis Mosquitoes to Wolves. The Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller by :
Download or read book Mosquitoes to Wolves. The Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Partial Contents: EVOLUTION OF CLOSE AIR SUPPORT CLOSE AIR SUPPORT DOCTRINE, KOREA: FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS EMERGE, MOSQUITO OPERATIONS IN KOREA KOREA: THE STAGNANT WAR VIETNAM: THE ADVISORY YEARS VIETNAM: SLOW FAC OPERATIONS EXPANDING MISSIONS, THE FAST FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS VIETNAMIZATION AND AMERICAN WITHDRAWAL, A PERSPECTIVE ON CLOSE AIR SUPPORT.
Book Synopsis Mosquitoes to Wolves by : Gary Robert Lester
Download or read book Mosquitoes to Wolves written by Gary Robert Lester and published by University Press of the Pacific. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparable to twentieth century cavalry, early forward air controllers (FAC) probed, observed, and reported enemy activity. Flying rickety, underpowered, and unarmed aircraft, they operated on the leading edge of ground combat. The efficient use of airborne FACs never developed in a meaningful way in World War II, with the possible exception of their use in Marine amphibious operations in the Pacific. But the rugged terrain of Korea and the jungle mazes of Vietnam restricted the capabilities of ground controllers to identify targets, thus expanding the need for "eyes in the air." FAC roles changed from those of probing, observing, and reporting, to those of locating targets, marking them for air strikes, and taking an active role in their destruction. This expanded mission resulted in the inevitable evolution of FAC equipment and responsibilities.
Book Synopsis Mosquitoes to Wolves: the Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller - FACs Emerge in the Korean War with Mosquito Operations, Use in Close Air Support in the Vietnam War with F-100 Aircraft by : Air University Press
Download or read book Mosquitoes to Wolves: the Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller - FACs Emerge in the Korean War with Mosquito Operations, Use in Close Air Support in the Vietnam War with F-100 Aircraft written by Air University Press and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparable to twentieth century cavalry, early forward air controllers (FAC) probed, observed, and reported enemy activity. Flying rickety, underpowered, and unarmed aircraft, they operated on the leading edge of ground combat. The efficient use of airborne FACs never developed in a meaningful way in World War II, with the possible exception of their use in Marine amphibious operations in the Pacific. But the rugged terrain of Korea and the jungle mazes of Vietnam restricted the capabilities of ground controllers to identify targets, thus expanding the need for "eyes in the air." FAC roles changed from those of probing, observing, and reporting, to those of locating targets, marking them for air strikes, and taking an active role in their destruction. This expanded mission resulted in the inevitable evolution of FAC equipment and responsibilities.Interservice differences regarding the definition of close air support (CAS) caused controversies which clouded ground-support operations in both Korea and Vietnam. The Navy and the Marines saw CAS as the primary mission for airpower. The Air Force and the Army saw CAS as the last priority, to be employed after air superiority has been gained and maintained, supplies have been interdicted, and the enemy's infrastructure has been damaged.Contents * PREFACE * 1 EVOLUTION OF CLOSE AIR SUPPORT * World War I * Between the Wars * The American Experience, 1918-42 * World War II * Notes * 2 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT DOCTRINE * Early Navy-Marine Close Air Support * Close Air Support in Korea * Air Force Philosophy in Korea * Navy/Marine Air in Vietnam * Notes * 3 KOREA: FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS EMERGE * The Fight for Air Superiority * Phase One--Retreat to Pusan * Phase Two--Advance to the Yalu * Phase Three--Second Retreat * Phase Four--Main Line of Resistance Stabilized * Phase Five--Air Pressure for Peace * A Substitute for Artillery * Close Air Support in Korea * The Extemporized Air War * The Need for Airborne FACs * Command and Control Support * 6132d Tactical Air Control Group * 6147th Squadron Organized * Immediate Air Requests * Mosquitoes Assigned to Divisions * Mosquito Mission Expands * The 502d Tactical Control Group * Notes * 4 MOSQUITO OPERATIONS IN KOREA * The Role of the Mosquito * Forward Air Controller Equipment * Visual Reconnaissance * The Tactical Air Control System * Mosquito Mellow * Strike Control Procedures * Problems Encountered * Forward Air Controller Training * Notes * 5 KOREA: THE STAGNANT WAR * The Argument for Interdiction * CAS along a Stabilized Front * Radar-Controlled Air Strikes * Communications Upgrades * T-6 Upgrades * Operation Thunderbolt * Operation Ripper * Communist Losses in the First Year * Strategy Changes * Pathfinder Operations * The Truce Ceremony * 6147th TCG Deactivated * Joint Air-Ground Doctrine * Post Korea * Notes * 6 VIETNAM: THE ADVISORY YEARS * Wars of National Liberation * Developing the Counterinsurgency Force * Farm Gate * Command Structure * Air Operations in 1962 * Air Operations in 1963 * Air Operations in 1964 * The Gulf of Tonkin * New Demands * Notes . * 7 VIETNAM: SLOW FAC OPERATIONS * FACs Come of Age * FAC Aircraft * Personnel Requirements * Seventh Air Force * 504th Tactical Air Support Group * Increased Manning Requirements * Qualifications * Rules of Engagement * Locating the Enemy * Visual Reconnaissance Process * In-Country Operations, 1965-72 * Employing the FAC Force * Navy Participation * The Battle of Khe Sanh * The Tet Offensive * Cleared in Wet! * Notes * 8 EXPANDING MISSIONS * Night Operations * Air Operations in Laos * USAF Controllers in Cambodia * Notes . * 9 THE FAST FORWARD AIR CONTROLLERS * Out-Country Operations, 1964-65 * Commando Sabre * F-4 "Phantom" FACs * Notes * 10 VIETNAMIZATION AND AMERICAN WITHDRAWAL * Vietnamization and Close Air Support * The South Vietnamese Air Force * Cambodia * Lam Son 719 * Interdiction in Route Packages I and II * The 1972 Spring Offensive * Linebacker * Notes
Author :U.s. Army Command and General Staff College Publisher :CreateSpace ISBN 13 :9781500830915 Total Pages :92 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (39 download)
Book Synopsis The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam by : U.s. Army Command and General Staff College
Download or read book The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam written by U.s. Army Command and General Staff College and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Department of Defense predicts that ground forces of the future will wage tomorrow's wars by replacing large numbers of personnel and organic firepower for advanced technology and superior maneuverability. Those forces must be prepared to face an unconventional enemy who will operate in small, lethal units interspersed with the civilian population rather than facing coalition forces with massed formations. This scenario of blurred lines of battle and difficulty determining friend from foe resembles very closely what the US military faced in Vietnam. This book will address the successes and failures of United States airborne forward air controllers (FACs), particularly in Vietnam, and whether combat lessons learned were passed from service to service or historically from conflict to conflict. The FAC mission has not significantly changed since the end of the Vietnam War, and a thorough study of operational and tactical lessons learned by those aircrew will significantly enhance today's FACs ability to find and destroy dispersed enemy forces in a wide array of environments.
Book Synopsis The Airborne Forward Air Controller by : John W. Ellis
Download or read book The Airborne Forward Air Controller written by John W. Ellis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller by : James A. Farmer
Download or read book The Evolution of the Airborne Forward Air Controller written by James A. Farmer and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An assessment of the role of the airborne forward air controller (FAC) in the Korean conflict--organization, tactics, equipment, and operational procedures. The function for which the airborne FAC was initially conceived was strike control. To this was soon added the responsibility for performing visual reconnaissance over the entire front line and for calling for strike aircraft for immediate close air support. With these three functions--strike control, visual reconnaissance, and strike aircraft procurement--the airborne FAC became the focal point of the TACS. The organization, tactics, and operational procedures developed 'under fire and in crisis' in Korea failed to survive after the war. The stature of the airborne FAC in Air Force doctrine and attitudes did not change from 1946 until 1966, when the operation had to be 'reinvented' in Vietnam. (Author).
Book Synopsis The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam by :
Download or read book The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Defense predicts that ground forces of the future will wage tomorrow's wars by replacing large numbers of personnel and organic firepower with advanced technology and superior maneuverability. Those forces must be prepared to face an unconventional enemy who will operate in small, lethal units interspersed with the civilian population rather than facing coalition forces with massed formations. This scenario of blurred lines of battle and difficulty determining friend from foe resembles very closely what the U.S. military faced in Vietnam. This paper will address the successes and failures of United States airborne forward air controllers (FACs), particularly in Vietnam, and whether combat lessons learned were passed from service to service or historically from conflict to conflict. The FAC mission has not significantly changed since the end of the Vietnam War, and a thorough study of operational and tactical lessons learned by those aircrew will significantly enhance today's FACs ability to find and destroy dispersed enemy forces in a wide array of environments.
Book Synopsis History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller (FAC), Mosquito Aircraft, Joint Air Tasking Doctrine, World War I and II, Korea, Vietnam War, Marine Corps, Kosovo, War on Terror, A-10, F-16, F-14, F-18 by : U. S. Military
Download or read book History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller (FAC), Mosquito Aircraft, Joint Air Tasking Doctrine, World War I and II, Korea, Vietnam War, Marine Corps, Kosovo, War on Terror, A-10, F-16, F-14, F-18 written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-05-07 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two excellent reports provide an excellent history of the FAC: The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller and Rebuilding the Joint Airborne Forward Air Controller: Analyzing Joint Air Tasking Doctrine's Ability to Facilitate Effective Air-Ground Integration. The US Department of Defense predicts that ground forces of the future will wage tomorrow's wars by replacing large numbers of personnel and organic firepower for advanced technology and superior maneuverability. Those forces must be prepared to face an unconventional enemy who will operate in small, lethal units interspersed with the civilian population rather than facing coalition forces with massed formations. This scenario of blurred lines of battle and difficulty determining friend from foe resembles very closely what the US military faced in Vietnam. This paper will address the successes and failures of United States airborne forward air controllers (FACs), particularly in Vietnam, and whether combat lessons learned were passed from service to service or historically from conflict to conflict. The FAC mission has not significantly changed since the end of the Vietnam War, and a thorough study of operational and tactical lessons learned by those aircrew will significantly enhance today's FACs ability to find and destroy dispersed enemy forces in a wide array of environments. CHAPTER 1 - AIRBORNE FACs AT WAR * Airborne Observer History * World War I: The Birth of a Concept * The Interwar Years * World War II: Lessons Learned and Forgotten * Korea: Mosquitoes Take Flight * CHAPTER 2 - THE ADVISORY YEARS * US Air Force Counterinsurgency Operations * Farm Gate * O-1 Birddog * CHAPTER 3 - THE SLOW-FAC AIR WAR * FAC Aircraft in Vietnam * USAF FAC Involvement in Vietnam * US Navy FAC Involvement * US Marine Corps FAC Involvement * FAC Operations 1965-1970 * Out-of-Country Operations * Visual Reconnaissance * CHAPTER 4 - THE FAST-FAC AIR WAR * US Marine Corps Fast-FAC: F9F Panther and OA-4 Skyhawk * Operation Commando Sabre: The Misty FAC * Stormy, Wolf, Tiger, and Night Owl: Phantom FACs * Vietnam Lessons Forgotten * CHAPTER 5 - BEYOND VIETNAM: THE DEATH OF LARGE-SCALE AIRBORNE FAC * Marine Corps FACs After Vietnam * New FACs Emerge: Air Force A-10 and F-16 * New FACs Emerge: Navy F-14 and F-18F * Special Operations Forward Air Control * The Next Test: Kosovo 1998 * The Global War On Terror * Where Do We Go From Here? * The Mission of Forward Air Control * The People of Forward Air Control * The Aircraft of Forward Air Control * Conclusion * BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Two: Lessons learned from Operation Anaconda point to deficiencies in current joint FAC(A) air-ground integration. The primary purpose of this thesis is to determine if current joint air tasking doctrine allows the FAC(A) to effectively integrate into supported ground operations. This study examines potential modifications to joint air tasking doctrine that will allow FAC(A)s to integrate with their supported ground units more effectively. Based on this study, there are two primary methods to successfully integrate the FAC(A) into supported ground operations. The first method is through detailed pre-mission coordination, currently called for in joint doctrine. Consequently, this analysis compares the integration opportunities available in current joint air tasking doctrine to the established requirement for effective FAC(A) integration to determine if current joint air tasking doctrine facilitates effective air-ground integration. Consequently, the analysis also compares current joint air tasking doctrine to the successful models illustrated in the Vietnam War TASS system and the USMC MAGTF to identify potential avenues for improved FAC(A) integration. Finally, the study recommends modifications to joint air tasking doctrine to help improve FAC(A) integration.
Book Synopsis The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam by :
Download or read book The History of the Airborne Forward Air Controller in Vietnam written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Defense predicts that ground forces of the future will wage tomorrow's wars by replacing large numbers of personnel and organic firepower with advanced technology and superior maneuverability. Those forces must be prepared to face an unconventional enemy who will operate in small, lethal units interspersed with the civilian population rather than facing coalition forces with massed formations. This scenario of blurred lines of battle and difficulty determining friend from foe resembles very closely what the U.S. military faced in Vietnam. This paper will address the successes and failures of United States airborne forward air controllers (FACs), particularly in Vietnam, and whether combat lessons learned were passed from service to service or historically from conflict to conflict. The FAC mission has not significantly changed since the end of the Vietnam War, and a thorough study of operational and tactical lessons learned by those aircrew will significantly enhance today's FACs ability to find and destroy dispersed enemy forces in a wide array of environments.
Download or read book Mosquitoes to Wolves written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mosquitoes to Wolves by : Gary Robert Lester
Download or read book Mosquitoes to Wolves written by Gary Robert Lester and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The History of the United States Air Force Airborne Forward Air Controller in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Conflict by : Charles D. Hightower
Download or read book The History of the United States Air Force Airborne Forward Air Controller in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam Conflict written by Charles D. Hightower and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hit My Smoke! written by Jan Churchill and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Eagles Overhead by : J. Matthew Dietz
Download or read book Eagles Overhead written by J. Matthew Dietz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eagles Overhead provides a critical history of US Air Force Forward Air Controllers and examines their role, status, and performance in the Air Force's history. It begins by examining the US's initial adoption of air power, and American participation in aerial combat during World War I and traces the FACs' contributions to every US Air Force air campaign from the Marne in 1918 to Mosul in 2017. However, since 2001 FACs' contributions have been sporadic. Eagles Overhead asks why, despite the critical importance of FACs, have they not been heavily used on US battlefields since 2001? It examines the Air Force FAC's theoretical, doctrinal, institutional, and historical frameworks in the first nine chapters to assess if the nature of air warfare has changed so significantly that the concept and utility of the FAC has been left behind. Or, has the FAC been neglected since 2001 because the Air Force dislikes the capability as it clouds the service's doctrinal preferences? From these examinations, Eagles Overhead draws conclusions about the potential future of Air Force FACs.
Book Synopsis The Airborne Forward Air Controller: Past Accomplishments and Future Opportunities by :
Download or read book The Airborne Forward Air Controller: Past Accomplishments and Future Opportunities written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Lonely Kind of War by : Marshall Harrison
Download or read book A Lonely Kind of War written by Marshall Harrison and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From retired Air Force pilot Marshall Harrison comes a remarkable memoir of aerial warfare in Vietnam. In his third combat tour, Harrison found himself converted from the high performance world of jets to the awkward-looking OV-10 Bronco and assigned as a FAC forward air controller. A captivating tale of valor, brotherhood, and patriotism unravels in the pages of A Lonely Kind of War, Forward Air Controller, Vietnam, a posthumous release by this published author through Xlibris. Harrison is a born story teller. There is excitement, suspense, and humor in this account of the life of a FAC. They were a small group of dedicated pilots flying lightly armed prop-driven aircrafts in South Vietnam. Considered to be the eyes and ears of the attack aircraft, their job was to fly low and slow, find, fix, and direct airstrikes against an elusive enemy concealed by the heavy rainforest and jungles, an area the FACs referred to as the Green Square. The flying scenes are riveting: learning to fly the maneuverable Bronco, clearing in the fast-movers to drop massive 750-lb bombs without causing injury to the friendlies, and conducting covert operation into Cambodia---over the fence with the mad men in the green beanies. On one of these secret missions, he is shot down and spends a harrowing night in the jungle. FACs lived with the troops in the field and flew from unimproved airstrips; they virtually controlled the aerial battlefields of South Vietnam. Their losses were staggering and they usually died alone.
