The Evolution Of Social Classes

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Facing Social Class

Author : Susan T. Fiske
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610447816
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Facing Social Class by : Susan T. Fiske

Download or read book Facing Social Class written by Susan T. Fiske and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans, holding fast to the American Dream and the promise of equal opportunity, claim that social class doesn't matter. Yet the ways we talk and dress, our interactions with authority figures, the degree of trust we place in strangers, our religious beliefs, our achievements, our senses of morality and of ourselves—all are marked by social class, a powerful factor affecting every domain of life. In Facing Social Class, social psychologists Susan Fiske and Hazel Rose Markus, and a team of sociologists, anthropologists, linguists, and legal scholars, examine the many ways we communicate our class position to others and how social class shapes our daily, face-to-face interactions—from casual exchanges to interactions at school, work, and home. Facing Social Class exposes the contradiction between the American ideal of equal opportunity and the harsh reality of growing inequality, and it shows how this tension is reflected in cultural ideas and values, institutional practices, everyday social interactions, and psychological tendencies. Contributor Joan Williams examines cultural differences between middle- and working-class people and shows how the cultural gap between social class groups can influence everything from voting practices and political beliefs to work habits, home life, and social behaviors. In a similar vein, Annette Lareau and Jessica McCrory Calarco analyze the cultural advantages or disadvantages exhibited by different classes in institutional settings, such as those between parents and teachers. They find that middle-class parents are better able to advocate effectively for their children in school than are working-class parents, who are less likely to challenge a teacher's authority. Michael Kraus, Michelle Rheinschmidt, and Paul Piff explore the subtle ways we signal class status in social situations. Conversational style and how close one person stands to another, for example, can influence the balance of power in a business interaction. Diana Sanchez and Julie Garcia even demonstrate that markers of low socioeconomic status such as incarceration or unemployment can influence whether individuals are categorized as white or black—a finding that underscores how race and class may work in tandem to shape advantage or disadvantage in social interactions. The United States has one of the highest levels of income inequality and one of the lowest levels of social mobility among industrialized nations, yet many Americans continue to buy into the myth that theirs is a classless society. Facing Social Class faces the reality of how social class operates in our daily lives, why it is so pervasive, and what can be done to alleviate its effects.

Social Class

Author : Annette Lareau
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610447255
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class by : Annette Lareau

Download or read book Social Class written by Annette Lareau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-07-10 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Class differences permeate the neighborhoods, classrooms, and workplaces where we lead our daily lives. But little is known about how class really works, and its importance is often downplayed or denied. In this important new volume, leading sociologists systematically examine how social class operates in the United States today. Social Class argues against the view that we are becoming a classless society. The authors show instead the decisive ways social class matters—from how long people live, to how they raise their children, to how they vote. The distinguished contributors to Social Class examine how class works in a variety of domains including politics, health, education, gender, and the family. Michael Hout shows that class membership remains an integral part of identity in the U.S.—in two large national surveys, over 97 percent of Americans, when prompted, identify themselves with a particular class. Dalton Conley identifies an intangible but crucial source of class difference that he calls the "opportunity horizon"—children form aspirations based on what they have seen is possible. The best predictor of earning a college degree isn't race, income, or even parental occupation—it is, rather, the level of education that one's parents achieved. Annette Lareau and Elliot Weininger find that parental involvement in the college application process, which significantly contributes to student success, is overwhelmingly a middle-class phenomenon. David Grusky and Kim Weeden introduce a new model for measuring inequality that allows researchers to assess not just the extent of inequality, but also whether it is taking on a more polarized, class-based form. John Goldthorpe and Michelle Jackson examine the academic careers of students in three social classes and find that poorly performing students from high-status families do much better in many instances than talented students from less-advantaged families. Erik Olin Wright critically assesses the emphasis on individual life chances in many studies of class and calls for a more structural conception of class. In an epilogue, journalists Ray Suarez, Janny Scott, and Roger Hodge reflect on the media's failure to report hardening class lines in the United States, even when images on the nightly news—such as those involving health, crime, or immigration—are profoundly shaped by issues of class. Until now, class scholarship has been highly specialized, with researchers working on only one part of a larger puzzle. Social Class gathers the most current research in one volume, and persuasively illustrates that class remains a powerful force in American society.

Social Class in Europe

Author : Etienne Penissat
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1788736303
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (887 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class in Europe by : Etienne Penissat

Download or read book Social Class in Europe written by Etienne Penissat and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mapping the class divisions that run throughout Europe Over the last ten years - especially with the 'no' votes in the French and Dutch referendums in 2010, and the victory for Brexit in 2016 - the issue of Europe has been placed at the centre of major political conflicts. Each of these crises has revealed profound splits in society, which are represented in terms of an opposition between those countries on the losing and those on the winning sides of globalisation. Inequalities beyond those between nations are critically absent from the debate. Based on major European statistical surveys, the new research in this work presents a map of social classes inspired by Pierre Bourdieu's sociology. It reveals the common features of the working class, the intermediate class and the privileged class in Europe. National features combine with social inequalities, through an account of the social distance between specific groups in nations in the North and in the countries of the South and East of Europe. The book ends with a reflection on the conditions that would be required for the emergence of a Europe-wide social movement.

Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe

Author : Aleksander Gella
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780887068331
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe by : Aleksander Gella

Download or read book Development of Class Structure in Eastern Europe written by Aleksander Gella and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the development of class structure, this book is the first in English to describe the historical and social development of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania from medieval feudalism to modern capitalism. Historically these countries have maintained mostly peaceful relations among themselves in the past and now share the common characteristic of being Soviet "satellites." The author has devoted particular attention to Poland because of its unique political system, as well as its greater size, population, and cultural influence. The book is divided into three sections: part one reviews the early history and social structure of each country; part two provides a sociological analysis of social classes and their evolution over centuries; and part three examines the effect that World War II has had on these social classes.

The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure

Author : Brian Skyrms
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521533928
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (339 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure by : Brian Skyrms

Download or read book The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure written by Brian Skyrms and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brian Skyrms, author of the successful Evolution of the Social Contract (which won the prestigious Lakatos Award) has written a sequel. The book is a study of ideas of cooperation and collective action. The point of departure is a prototypical story found in Rousseau's A Discourse on Inequality. Rousseau contrasts the pay-off of hunting hare where the risk of non-cooperation is small but the reward is equally small, against the pay-off of hunting the stag where maximum cooperation is required but where the reward is so much greater. Thus, rational agents are pulled in one direction by considerations of risk and in another by considerations of mutual benefit. Written with Skyrms's characteristic clarity and verve, this intriguing book will be eagerly sought out by students and professionals in philosophy, political science, economics, sociology and evolutionary biology.

Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America

Author : Marcia Carlson
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804770891
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America by : Marcia Carlson

Download or read book Social Class and Changing Families in an Unequal America written by Marcia Carlson and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-the-moment assessment of the condition of the American family in an era of growing inequality.

Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe Since 1500

Author : M. L. Bush
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317896807
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe Since 1500 by : M. L. Bush

Download or read book Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe Since 1500 written by M. L. Bush and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering survey evaluates the notions of class and order throughout European history since 1500. After a general theoretical section on the concept of orders and class, the book provides discussions and case studies of the nobility, the clergy, the middle classes and the rural and urban proletariat. The studies are drawn from all over Europe, from early modern Castile to late Tsarist Russia. Contributors include Peter Burke, Stuart Woolf, A A Thompson and Joseph Bergin.

The Structure and Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification

Author : Yi Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure and Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification by : Yi Li

Download or read book The Structure and Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification written by Yi Li and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been two great shifts of power on the world stage during the past five centuries: the rise of Europe following the Industrial Revolution, and the rise of the United States after its Civil War. As we speak, a new power shift is beginning to take shape: the rise of Asia. Leading Asia's charge toward the world's center stage are the reemerging powers of China and India. To answer and adapt to such new challenges, the United States must develop a thorough understanding of the society of China. This book is a groundbreaking work in China Studies. For generations, China scholars have pursued the structure of Chinese social stratification, but none has completely succeeded in constructing even a single, complete model. The Annual Review of Sociology 2002 reported: "Insufficient research attention has been given to emerging social classes in rural and urban China and existing analysis are hampered by the still evolving nature of social and economic structures in which social classes are in the making. Thus, insightful analysis and reliable assessments are to be called for from future researchers." The Structure & Evolution of Chinese Social Stratification has finally addressed this gap. Dr. Li provides detailed analysis critical to understanding the class structure of Chinese society, both pre-1949 and in the post-Mao era. His explanation of the origin, structure, and evolution of the model will be essential reading material for any introductory student of Chinese society.

The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq

Author : Hanna Batatu
Publisher : Saqi
ISBN 13 : 0863567711
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq by : Hanna Batatu

Download or read book The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq written by Hanna Batatu and published by Saqi. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comparative study analyses the traditional elite of Iraq and their sucessors - the Communists, the Bathists and Free Officers - in terms of social and economic relationships in each area of the country. The author draws on secret government documents and interviews with key figures, both in power and in prison, to produce an engrossing story of political struggle and change. 'A landmark in Middle Eastern historical study' Roger Owen, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 'By far the best book written on the social and political history of modern Iraq' Ahmad Dallal, Professor of Middle Eastern History, Stanford University

Social Class and State Power

Author : David M. Hart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319648942
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class and State Power by : David M. Hart

Download or read book Social Class and State Power written by David M. Hart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the idea of social class in the liberal tradition. It collects classical and contemporary texts illustrating and examining the liberal origins of class analysis—often associated with Marxism but actually rooted in the work of liberal theorists. Liberal class analysis emphasizes the constitutive connection between state power and class position. Social Class and State Power documents the rich tradition of liberal class theory, its rediscovery in the twentieth century, and the possibilities it opens up for research in the new millenium.

The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality

Author : Dennis L. Gilbert
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1506345980
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality by : Dennis L. Gilbert

Download or read book The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality written by Dennis L. Gilbert and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the latest data on income, wealth, earnings, and residential segregation by income, The American Class Structure in an Age of Growing Inequality, Tenth Edition describes a consistent pattern of growing inequality in the United States since the early 1970s. Focusing on the socioeconomic core of the American class system, author Dennis L. Gilbert examines how changes in the economy, family life, globalization, and politics are contributing to increasing class inequality. New to this Edition “The Class Basis of Trump's Victory” looks at why for the first time since before the 1932 election, the Republican presidential candidate won a greater proportion of the working class vote than the Democratic opponent. Addresses the role of technology and other factors in the decline of manufacturing employment and how the trend is crucial for understanding growing inequality and changes in working class family life. Offers international comparisons to show how the U.S. compares with other wealthy nations on social mobility and poverty, and questions our conception of the U.S. as a uniquely open society.

The Economic Doctrines of Karl Marx

Author : Karl Kautsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic Doctrines of Karl Marx by : Karl Kautsky

Download or read book The Economic Doctrines of Karl Marx written by Karl Kautsky and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Social Class Supports

Author : Georgianna Martin
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000979172
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Class Supports by : Georgianna Martin

Download or read book Social Class Supports written by Georgianna Martin and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, higher education was designed for a narrow pool of privileged students. Despite national, state and institutional policies developed over time to improve access, higher education has only lately begun to address how its unexamined assumptions, practices and climate create barriers for poor and working class populations and lead to significant disparities in degree completion across social classes.The data shows that higher education substantially fails to provide poor and working class students with the necessary support to achieve the social mobility and success comparable to the attainments of their middle and upper class peers. This book presents a comprehensive range of strategies that provide the fundamental supports that poor and working-class students need to succeed while at the same time dismantling the inequitable barriers that make college difficult to navigate.Drawing on the concept of the student-ready college, and on emerging research and practices that colleges and universities can use to explore campus-specific social class issues and identify barriers, this book provides examples of support programs and services across the field of higher education – at both two- and four-year, public and private institutions – that cover:·Access supports. Examples and recommendations for how institutions can assist students as they make decisions about applications and admission.·Basic needs supports. Covering housing and food security, necessary clothing, sense of belonging through co-curricular engagement, and mental health resources.·Academic and learning supports. Describes courses and academic programs to promote full engagement among poor and working class students.·Advising supports. Illustrates advising that acknowledges poor and working class students’ identities, and recommends continued training for both staff and faculty advisors.·Supports for specific populations at the intersection of social class with other identities, such as Students of Color, foster youth, LGBTQ, and doctoral students.·Gaining support through external partnerships with social services, business entities, and fundraising.This book is addressed to administrators, educators and student affairs personnel, urging them to make the institutional commitment to enhance the college experience for poor and working class students who not only represent a substantial proportion of college students today, but constitute a significant future demographic.

Class and Schools

Author : Richard Rothstein
Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807745564
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (455 download)

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Book Synopsis Class and Schools by : Richard Rothstein

Download or read book Class and Schools written by Richard Rothstein and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary public policy assumes that the achievement gap between black and white students could be closed if only schools would do a better job. According to Richard Rothstein, "Closing the gaps between lower-class and middle-class children requires social and economic reform as well as school improvement. Unfortunately, the trend is to shift most of the burden to schools, as if they alone can eradicate poverty and inequality." In this book, Rothstein points the way toward social and economic reforms that would give all children a more equal chance to succeed in school. This book features: a summary of numerous studies linking school achievement to health care quality, nutrition, childrearing styles, housing stability, parental economic security, and more ; aA look at erroneous and misleading data that underlie commonplace claims that some schools "beat the demographic odds and therefore any school can close the achievement gap if only it adopted proper practices." ; and an analysis of how the over-emphasis of standardized tests in federal law obscures the true achievement gap and makes narrowing it more difficult.

Social Movements and Social Classes

Author : Louis Maheu
Publisher : SAGE Publications Limited
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Social Movements and Social Classes by : Louis Maheu

Download or read book Social Movements and Social Classes written by Louis Maheu and published by SAGE Publications Limited. This book was released on 1995-06-08 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social Movements and Social Classes asks how integrative and expansive collective action is in the constitution of modern societies, and how we can articulate issues of collective action, social movement practices and class action within this integrative understanding.

Families

Author : Shirley A. Hill
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 148334178X
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Families by : Shirley A. Hill

Download or read book Families written by Shirley A. Hill and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the impact of economic systems and social class on the organization of family life. Since the most vital function of the family is the survival of its members, the author give primacy to the economic system in structuring the broad parameters of family life. She explains how the economy shapes the prospects families have for earning a decent living by determining the location, nature, and pay associated with work.

Social Classes in Marxist Theory

Author : Allin Cottrell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000706419
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Classes in Marxist Theory by : Allin Cottrell

Download or read book Social Classes in Marxist Theory written by Allin Cottrell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984. This study critically examines the conceptions of social class employed by Marx and by modern Marxist writers, to probe their problematic areas and to propose certain modifications to those conception. The author also tests the conclusions deriving from this theoretical reflection against the task of analysing some aspects of the development of class relations in a particular social formation in Britain. This title will be of interest to students of philosophy and politics.