The Entero Insular Axis

Author : Lindsey Margaret Rings
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Download or read book Enteroinsular Axis Response in Healthy and Critically Ill Foals written by Lindsey Margaret Rings and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteroinsular axis (EIA) comprises intestinal factors (incretins) that stimulate insulin release after ingestion of nutrients. Energy dysregulation is frequent in sick foals. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the main incretins. For Study #1, we hypothesized that secretion of incretins in healthy foals secondary to orally administered carbohydrates would be increased compared to an equivalent dose of glucose administered intravenously or during a period of fasting. We also hypothesized that this incretin response would be linked proportionately to insulin responses. Thirty-six healthy, Standardbred foals ≤ 4 days of age were included. After a 60-minute fast, blood was collected immediately prior to the administration of carbohydrate either orally or intravenously. Blood was collected frequently over a 180-minute period. Foals were not allowed to nurse during the study period. Some foals were sampled following access to free choice nursing. A fasting group of foals experienced this same protocol, but no carbohydrate was administered. Glucose was measured using a portable glucometer and plasma insulin, GIP, and GLP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Enteral glucose did not induce a significant increase in glucose or insulin. GIP and GLP-1 concentrations decreased, regardless of study group, throughout the testing period until foals were allowed to nurse. We documented that healthy equine neonates have a functional enteroinsular axis (EIA) as evidenced by the rapid and significant increases in insulin, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations compared to 180 minutes when allowed to nurse. We also demonstrated that the response of the EIA in equine neonates, in the immediate postpartum period, is highly variable. For Study #2, we hypothesized that blood concentrations of insulin and incretins would be decreased in septic foals compared with healthy controls. We also expected an association between magnitude of these differences in these hormones and survival status. One hundred five healthy and hospitalized foals ≤ 7 days of age were included. Blood was collected on admission and then every 24 hours from septic (sepsis score ≥ 12 or positive blood culture), sick non-septic (SNS), and healthy foals. Blood glucose was measured using a portable glucometer while plasma insulin, plasma GIP, and plasma GLP-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Septic foals had significantly lower insulin and GIP concentrations, but higher GLP-1 concentrations at time 0 compared to healthy foals. Hospitalized foals had significantly lower insulin area under the curve and GIP area under the curve than healthy foals. In healthy foals, a positive correlation existed between insulin and GIP and insulin and GLP-1 at all time points (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours). A positive correlation was also found between GIP and GLP-1 in healthy foals at time 0, 24, and 72 hours. Among septic foals, higher insulin concentrations at admission were noted in survivors versus non-survivors. There was no difference between survivors and non-survivors with respect to incretin concentrations at time 0. Our data suggests the EIA may play a role in the disease pathology of equine neonates and that further study of this topic is warranted.