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The Effects Of Tax Competition On Consumption Taxation Corporate Investment And Property Taxes
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Tax Competition on Consumption Taxation, Corporate Investment, and Property Taxes by : Georg Thunecke
Download or read book The Effects of Tax Competition on Consumption Taxation, Corporate Investment, and Property Taxes written by Georg Thunecke and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation investigates questions of the taxation of mobile versus immobile tax bases with a particular focus on (effective) corporate, consumption, and property tax rates. It consists of three self-contained chapters dealing with the effects of international tax competition on con-sumption taxation, the heterogeneous investment effects of effective corporate tax rates, and the spatial dimension of tax policy spillovers in German municipalities. Chapter 1 empirically investi-gates whether governments are substituting from corporate to consumption taxation due to tax competition using a novel self-collected data set of corporate and consumption tax regime infor-mation. I estimate the slope of the tax policy reaction function between corporate and consump-tion tax rates exploiting the cross-sectional interdependence of corporate tax rates for an instru-mental variable approach. Additionally, I analyze the rate-revenue relationship of both tax instru-ments to evaluate the overall revenue implications of corporate tax competition. I find that, on average, a one percentage point decrease in the corporate tax rate leads to a [0.35] percentage point increase in the consumption tax rate. The rate-revenue relationship of both corporate and consumption tax rates follows an inverted U-shape. Furthermore, governments can fully compen-sate for revenue losses from tax competition by substituting to consumption taxation. These re-sults indicate that the debate on corporate tax competition may overstate efficiency considera-tions and underestimate equity concerns. Chapter 2 develops a new approach to calculate coun-try-year-industry-specific forward-looking effective tax rates (FLETRs) based on a panel of 19 industries, 221 countries, and the years 2001 to 2020. Beside statutory tax rate and tax base in-formation, the FLETRs account for firms' typical (i.e., industry specific) financing structures as well as asset compositions. We show that effective tax rates suffer from significant measurement error when the latter information is neglected, owing primarily to inappropriately assigned asset weights to statutory depreciation allowances. Our empirical analysis exploits the substantial var-iation in FLETRs over time to provide estimates of the tax semi-elasticity of corporate investment in tangible fixed assets. Based on [more than 24 million] firm-entity observations, our results sug-gest a semi-tax-elasticity of [-0.45], which is at the lower end of previous findings. We further show that different subgroups of firms respond very heterogeneously to tax incentives. For exam-ple, when focusing on firm-entities operating in the manufacturing sector, we find a substantially bigger semi-elasticity of [-1.29]. Chapter 3 studies tax policy interaction for both mobile and im-mobile tax bases using a large panel of German municipalities. We exploit a quasi-exogenous increase in local tax instruments from state debt reduction programs in Hesse and Northrhine-Westfalia to identify if governments engage in tax or yardstick competition. Additionally, we also analyze the spatial persistence of any spillovers. We find evidence that municipalities located in the same state but not directly affected by the debt reduction program show strong and significant tax policy responses both in corporate and property tax rates. Furthermore, the policy spillovers from property tax rates are highly localized indicating that municipalities engage in yardstick competition.
Book Synopsis Capital Mobility and Tax Competition by : Clemens Fuest
Download or read book Capital Mobility and Tax Competition written by Clemens Fuest and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax competition and coordination is one of the most pressing issues for tax authorities in modern economies, but it is a highly controversial subject. Some argue that tax competition is beneficial by forcing governments to impose efficient tax prices on residents for the provision of public services. Further, some argue that tax competition is also beneficial by limiting the power of governments to levy taxes. Others take a different view - in a world without coordinated tax policies, governments choose sub-optimal levels of public services financed by inefficient taxes that are either too high or too low by ignoring spillovers imposed on other jurisdictions. Capital Mobility and Tax Competition draws out the most important issues of uncoordinated tax policy at the international level for cross-border transactions. The discussion focuses on mobile tax bases, specifically in relation to investment and financial transactions. The main issue for consideration in this survey is whether taxation of income, specifically capital income will survive, how border crossing investment is taxed relative to domestic investment, and whether welfare gains can be achieved through international tax coordination. This survey derives some of the key results on the taxation of international investment in variants of one model of multinational investment. Finally, the authors emphasize the problem of tax competition and financial arbitrage, an issue which is somewhat neglected in the existing survey literature.
Book Synopsis The Benefits of Tax Competition by : Richard Teather
Download or read book The Benefits of Tax Competition written by Richard Teather and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with a primer on international taxation, this IEA monograph shows why the arguments used by governments to prevent tax competition are fallacious. It also outlines the threats to tax competition from the EU and OECD, and proposes ways in which the UK government should respond to those threats.
Book Synopsis Taxation in the Global Economy by : Assaf Razin
Download or read book Taxation in the Global Economy written by Assaf Razin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing globalization of economic activity is bringing an awareness of the international consequences of tax policy. The move toward the common European market in 1992 raises the important question of how inefficiencies in the various tax systems—such as self-defeating tax competition among member nations—will be addressed. As barriers to trade and investment tumble, cross-national differences in tax structures may loom larger and create incentives for relocations of capital and labor; and efficient and equitable income tax systems are becoming more difficult to administer and enforce, particularly because of the growing importance of multinational enterprises. What will be the role of tax policy in this more integrated world economy? Assaf Razin and Joel Slemrod gathered experts from two traditionally distinct specialties, taxation and international economics, to lay the groundwork for understanding these issues, which will require the attention of scholars and policymakers for years to come. Contributors describe the basic provisions of the U.S. tax code with respect to international transactions, highlighting the changes contained in the U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986; explore the ways that tax systems influence the decisions of multinationals; examine the effect of taxation on trade patterns and capital flows; and discuss the implications of the opening world economy for the design of optimal international tax policy. The papers will prove valuable not only to scholars and students, but to government economists and international tax lawyers as well.
Book Synopsis Corporate Tax Reform: From Income to Cash Flow Taxes by : Benjamin Carton
Download or read book Corporate Tax Reform: From Income to Cash Flow Taxes written by Benjamin Carton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a multi-region, forward-looking, DSGE model to estimate the macroeconomic impact of a tax reform that replaces a corporate income tax (CIT) with a destination-based cash-flow tax (DBCFT). Two key channels are at play. The first channel is the shift from an income tax to a cash-flow tax. This channel induces the corporate sector to invest more, boosting long-run potential output, GDP and consumption, but crowding out consumption in the short run as households save to build up the capital stock. The second channel is the shift from a taxable base that comprises domestic and foreign revenues, to one where only domestic revenues enter. This leads to an appreciation of the currency to offset the competitiveness boost afforded by the tax and maintain domestic investment-saving equilibrium. The paper demonstrates that spillover effects from the tax reform are positive in the long run as other countries’ exports benefit from additional investment in the country undertaking the reform and other countries’ domestic demand benefits from improved terms of trade. The paper also shows that there are substantial benefits when all countries undertake the reform. Finally, the paper demonstrates that in the presence of financial frictions, corporate debt declines under the tax reform as firms are no longer able to deduct interest expenses from their profits. In this case, the tax shifting results in an increase in the corporate risk premia, a near-term decline in output, and a smaller long-run increase in GDP.
Download or read book Taxing Wages 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This annual publication provides details of taxes paid on wages in OECD countries. It covers personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by employees, social security contributions and payroll taxes paid by employers, and cash benefits received by workers. Taxing Wages 2021 includes a special feature entitled: “Impact of COVID-19 on the Tax Wedge in OECD Countries”.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Profit Shifting on Economic Activity and Tax Competition by : Mr.Alexander D Klemm
Download or read book The Impact of Profit Shifting on Economic Activity and Tax Competition written by Mr.Alexander D Klemm and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-12-20 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing empirical literature has documented significant profit shifting activities by multinationals. This paper looks at the impact of such profit shifting on real activity and tax competition. Real activity can be affected as profit shifting changes—and theoretically most likely reduces—the cost of capital. Tax competition, even over real capital, is affected, because a permissive attitude toward profit shifting can be seen as a selective tax reduction for multinationals. Tightening profit shifting rules in turn can affect tax competition through the main rate. This paper discusses these issues theoretically and with the help of a simulation to assess the impact of profit-shifting on investment, revenues, and government behavior. Using the theoretical framework, it also provides a brief overview of the related empirical literature.
Book Synopsis Tax Policy in the Global Economy by : Peggy B. Musgrave
Download or read book Tax Policy in the Global Economy written by Peggy B. Musgrave and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globalization of economies and the vast expansion of foreign investment have greatly increased the problems of international taxation. Musgrave (economics, emerita, U. of California-Santa Cruz) argues that cross- border tax issues should not be left to the destructive forces of tax competition but should be handled through coordinating measures of international tax agreements, thereby minimizing tax distortions in the international flow of capital while leaving countries free to determine their own tax structures. The 22 essays are drawn from a variety of publications including technical papers prepared for the government and the World Bank, books, The Columbia Journal of World Business, Tax Law Review, and other publications. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Taxation If Capital is Not Perfectly Mobile by : Sylvester C. W. Eijffinger
Download or read book Taxation If Capital is Not Perfectly Mobile written by Sylvester C. W. Eijffinger and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring the Tax Burden on Capital and Labor by : Peter Birch Sørensen
Download or read book Measuring the Tax Burden on Capital and Labor written by Peter Birch Sørensen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly complicated nature of modern tax codes mean economists and policy makers need simplified summary measures to understand how taxes affect the economy. Studies of what is known as the effective tax rate - that is, a measurement of the net amount of tax levied on certain economic activities - provide this sort of descriptive summary. With these estimates of effective tax rates, economists can look for evidence of how taxes affect economic behaviour and policy makers can evaluate whether the net outcome of all the different tax laws is in accord with their intentions. Globalisation, with its accompanying international mobility of capital and labor, has created a new use for estimates of the effective tax rate as policy makers seek to compare tax burdens in one country with those in another.
Book Synopsis International Tax Competition by : Chris Edwards
Download or read book International Tax Competition written by Chris Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization is knitting separate national economies into a single world economy. That is occurring as a result of rising trade and investment flows, greater labor mobility, and rapid transfers of technology. As economic integration increases, individuals and businesses gain greater freedom to take advantage of foreign economic opportunities. That, in turn, increases the sensitivity of investment and location decisions to taxation. Countries feel pressure to reduce tax rates to avoid driving away their tax bases. International “tax competition” is increasing as capital and labor mobility rises. Most industrial countries have pursued tax reforms to ensure that their economies remain attractive for investment. The average top personal income tax rate in the major industrial countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has fallen 20 percentage points since 1980. The average top corporate income tax rate has fallen 6 percentage points in just the past six years. Rising tax competition has caused governments to also adopt defensive rules to prevent residents and businesses from enjoying lower tax rates abroad. In the United States, such tax rules are hugely complex and affect the ability of U.S. companies to compete in world markets. Other defensive responses to tax competition include proposals to harmonize taxes across countries and to restrict countries from offering tax climates that are too hospitable to foreign investment inflows. Those defensive responses to tax competition are a dead end. They do nothing to promote economic growth or reform inefficient tax systems. A more constructive response to tax competition would be to learn from foreign reforms and adopt pro-growth tax policies at home. The United States should be a leader but has fallen behind on tax reform. For example, the United States now has one of the highest corporate tax rates among major nations. The chairman of the president's Council of Economic Advisers, Glenn Hubbard, believes that “from an income tax perspective, the United States has become one of the least attractive industrial countries in which to locate the headquarters of a multinational corporation.” As international capital and labor mobility rises, the risks associated with not having an efficient federal tax structure increase. This country should respond to rising tax competition by moving toward a low-rate consumption-based system.
Book Synopsis Possible Implications of Integrating the Corporate and Individual Income Taxes in the United States by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Possible Implications of Integrating the Corporate and Individual Income Taxes in the United States written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-07-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classical corporate profits tax in the United States involves non-neutralities between: different sources of financing; different forms of business organization; and retaining or distributing earnings and may result in the U.S. investor being at a disadvantage vis-à-vis foreign investors. An international comparison is provided, and the potential effects of different integration schemes on the user cost of capital and tax revenues are assessed. The integration of corporate and individual income taxes in the United States could lead to a more efficient domestic and worldwide allocation of resources.
Book Synopsis The Future of State Taxation by : David Brunori
Download or read book The Future of State Taxation written by David Brunori and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Why is There Corporate Taxation in a Small Open Economy? by : Roger H. Gordon
Download or read book Why is There Corporate Taxation in a Small Open Economy? written by Roger H. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several recent papers argue that corporate income taxes should not be used by small, open economies. With capital mobility, the burden of the tax falls on fixed factors (e.g., labor), and the tax system is more efficient if labor is taxed directly. However, corporate taxes not only exist but rates are roughly comparable with the top personal tax rates. Past models also forecast that multinationals should not invest in countries with low corporate tax rates, since the surtax they owe when profits are repatriated puts them at a competitive disadvantage. Yet such foreign direct investment is substantial. We suggest that the resolution of these puzzles may be found in the role of income shifting, both domestic (between the personal and corporate tax bases) and cross-border (through transfer pricing). Countries need cash-flow corporate taxes as a backstop to labor taxes to discourage individuals from converting their labor income into otherwise untaxed corporate income. We explore how these taxes can best be modified to deal as well with cross-border shifting.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference on Taxation Held Under the Auspices of the National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America by : National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America
Download or read book Proceedings of the ... Annual Conference on Taxation Held Under the Auspices of the National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America written by National Tax Association-Tax Institute of America and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each volume beginning with volume 2, includes list of papers published in preceding volumes.
Book Synopsis Borderline Case by : National Research Council
Download or read book Borderline Case written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-02-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing integration of world markets for capital and goods, coupled with the rise of instantaneous worldwide communication, has made identification of corporations as "American," "Dutch," or "Japanese" extremely difficult. Yet tax treatment does depend of where a firm is chartered. And, as Borderline Case documents, there is little doubt that tax rules for firms doing business in several nationsâ€"firms that account for more than three-quarters of corporate R&D spending in the United Statesâ€"have substantial effects on corporate decisionmaking and, ultimately, U.S. competitiveness. This book explores the impact of the U.S. tax code and its incentives on the international activities of U.S.- and foreign-based firms: basic research outlays, expenditures on product and process development, and plant and equipment investment. The authors include industry experts from large multinational firms in technology and pharmaceuticals, academic researchers who have explored the quantitative impact of tax provisions on R&D, and tax policy analysts who have examined international tax rules in the broader context of tax reform. These experts look at how corporate investment and R&D are shaped by specific tax provisions, such as the definition of taxable income, relative tax burdens on domestic and foreign business, taxation of earnings repatriated to the United States, deductibility of expenses of worldwide operations, and U.S. corporate taxes relative to other countries. The volume explores prescriptions and prospects for tax reform and reviews major reform proposals and their implications for the behavior of multinational business.
Book Synopsis Corporate Tax Competition for Investment by : Ricardo Pinheiro Alves
Download or read book Corporate Tax Competition for Investment written by Ricardo Pinheiro Alves and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tax competition models show taxation as a key variable in investment location decisions. Countries reduce taxation to attract firms. Firms locate their investments where the net return on capital is higher due to a lower tax burden. But tax competition is not optimal because the lowering of the tax burden causes an inefficient allocation of capital and provision of public goods. Thus, tax policies in an economic area such as the European Union should be coordinated. This book presents a behavioural approach where both uncertainty and the cognitive characteristics of managers have a central role. Investment location decisions are shown to be significantly explained by heuristics arising from the uncertainty faced by managers, while the role of taxation appears to be less significant than it is usually assumed. Therefore, not only countries should reconsider emphasizing taxation when implementing policies to attract investment but the main argument for corporate tax integration in the EU simply vanishes. The book may help managers dealing with investment decisions, public officials designing incentives to attract firms and lecturers in international economics or management.
