The Effects Of Stereotype Threat On State Levels Of Stigma Consciousness And Overall Performance On A Stereotype Relevant Task

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The Effects of Stereotype Threat on State Levels of Stigma Consciousness and Overall Performance on a Stereotype-relevant Task

Author : Gwenith Blount-Nuss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Stereotype Threat on State Levels of Stigma Consciousness and Overall Performance on a Stereotype-relevant Task by : Gwenith Blount-Nuss

Download or read book The Effects of Stereotype Threat on State Levels of Stigma Consciousness and Overall Performance on a Stereotype-relevant Task written by Gwenith Blount-Nuss and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: Situational anxiety surrounding performance has been shown to adversely impact task performance by members of negatively stereotyped groups, creating a stereotype threat effect. This study tested the hypothesis that the anticipation of being stereotyped, known as stigma consciousness, is one of many contributing factors to the expression of stereotype threat effects. One area in which stereotype threat has been shown to exist is in the domain of mathematics, with females being negatively stereotyped in the subject and often underperforming relative to males. In this study, male and female participants were presented with a stereotype prime manipulation and then asked to complete a mathematical assessment and the Stigma Consciousness questionnaire. Results failed to replicate past research or lend support to the primary hypothesis. Limitations of the study as well as future directions are discussed.

Stereotype Threat

Author : Michael Inzlicht
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199732442
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat by : Michael Inzlicht

Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.

Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost: The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation

Author : Fanny Jimenez
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3638547779
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (385 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost: The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation by : Fanny Jimenez

Download or read book Exploring Stereotype Threat and Stereotype Boost: The Impact of Manner of Stereotype Activation written by Fanny Jimenez and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-09-22 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2005 in the subject Psychology - Social Psychology, grade: wird in USA nicht bewertet, Indiana University (Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences), language: English, abstract: The concept of stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995) has received considerable attention in the past few years. In several studies, Steele and his colleagues took a close look at the influence that negative stereotypes can have on individuals in performance-related situations. As a reaction to the initial concept, the research also extended to other phenomena related to stereotype threat, such as the influence of positive stereotypes in performance-related situations. However, this investigation of the other side of stereotype threat and further studies that have been done regarding stereotype threat in general resulted in contradicting findings. My thesis presents a focused review of the available literature first. This is done to provide a basis for the conceptual framework Shih and colleagues proposed (Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita & Gray, 2002). Their work integrates the conflicting findings and suggests two possible factors that might regulate the effects that positive and negative stereotypes have on people: selfrelevance and the manner of stereotype activation. In my study, I tested this framework in replicating and critically evaluating the study Shih et al. (2002) have conducted. The results and implications for future research are presented.

Beyond Academic Performance: Stereotype Threat, Stigma Consciousness, and Implications for Personal Health Intentions

Author : Jason D. Seacat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109828023
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Academic Performance: Stereotype Threat, Stigma Consciousness, and Implications for Personal Health Intentions by : Jason D. Seacat

Download or read book Beyond Academic Performance: Stereotype Threat, Stigma Consciousness, and Implications for Personal Health Intentions written by Jason D. Seacat and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dissertation integrates the diverse literatures on social stigma, stereotype threat, and personal health intentions. The focus of this project was to investigate the complex relationships between negative social stereotypes, stigma consciousness (Pinel, 1999), stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995), and personal health intentions among a group of overweight women that are negatively stereotyped for their weight status. To my knowledge, this dissertation was the first known study to adapt the model of stereotype threat (Steele & Aronson, 1995), which has traditionally been used to understand academic under-achievement of African Americans and women, and apply it to examine a potential relationship between negative social stereotypes and the personal health intentions of individuals that are negatively stereotyped in a domain of health behavior. Additionally, this dissertation was only the second known study to test the moderating effects of stigma consciousness (Pinel, 1999) on stereotype threat. Previous research has suggested potential moderators of the stereotype threat effect; however, empirical support for these moderating variables has been limited. Finally, this study tested the salience of two proposed mediators (i.e., personal efficacy and health locus of control (outcome expectancies)) to determine whether these factors significantly accounted for the proposed relationship between stereotype threat and personal health intentions. To date, empirical support for the majority of proposed stereotype threat mediators has been mixed. Subsequently, the mechanism through which stereotype threat operates to influence stigmatized individuals has remained relatively unclear.

Stereotype Threat Reinterpreted as a Regulatory Fit

Author : Lisa Renee Grimm Narvaez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat Reinterpreted as a Regulatory Fit by : Lisa Renee Grimm Narvaez

Download or read book Stereotype Threat Reinterpreted as a Regulatory Fit written by Lisa Renee Grimm Narvaez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with Steele and Aronson (1995), research documents the performance decrements resulting from the activation of a negative task-relevant stereotype. I suggest that negative stereotypes can generate better performance, as they produce a prevention focus (Higgins, 2000; Seibt & Förster, 2004), because a prevention focus leads to greater cognitive flexibility in a task where points are lost (Maddox, Markman, & Baldwin, 2006). My prior work, Experiments 1 and 2, done in collaboration with Arthur B. Markman, W. Todd Maddox, and Grant C. Baldwin, used a category learning task that requires the participant test different explicit rules to correctly categorize stimuli. Half of the participants gained points for correct responses while half of the participants lost points for correct responses. We primed a positive or a negative gender stereotype. The negative prime matches the losses environment while the positive prime matches the gains environment. The match states are assumed to increase dopamine release into frontal brain areas leading to increased cognitive flexibility and better task performance whereas the mismatch states should not. Thus, we predict and obtain a 3-way interaction between Stereotype (Positive, Negative), Gender (Male, Female), and Reward structure (Gains, Losses) for accuracy and strategy. Experiments 3 and 4 used a category learning task, which requires the implicit learning system to govern participant responses. This task had an information-integration category structure and involves the striatum (e.g., Maddox & Ashby, 2004). Importantly, cognitive flexibility will hurt performance using this category structure. I therefore predicted that regulatory match states, created by manipulating Stereotype and Reward structure, will produce worse performance than mismatch states. I did not completely reverse the effects described in Experiments 1 and 2 as predicted. I found evidence supporting my predictions using computational models to test for task strategy in Experiment 3 and found results consistent with the flexibility hypothesis in Experiment 4. Importantly, I believe that stereotype threat effects should not be conceptualized as a main effect with negative stereotypes producing worse performance than positive stereotypes, but instead as an interaction between the motivational state of the individual, task environment, and type of task performed.

The Effects of Stereotype Threat on the Test Performance and Task Choices of Women

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Stereotype Threat on the Test Performance and Task Choices of Women by :

Download or read book The Effects of Stereotype Threat on the Test Performance and Task Choices of Women written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

When I'm 64

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164915
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis When I'm 64 by : National Research Council

Download or read book When I'm 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.

Effects of Stereotype Threat on Low-income Individuals

Author : Kristin R. Sergeant
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Stereotype Threat on Low-income Individuals by : Kristin R. Sergeant

Download or read book Effects of Stereotype Threat on Low-income Individuals written by Kristin R. Sergeant and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results for hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were not supported. However, there were significant differences between low-income and non-low income participants' APM scores and reported post-task self-efficacy. It is possible that stereotype threat was not adequately induced or factors related to testing site and design of the study may have actually lessened the effects of stereotype threat. Summary and interpretation of findings, strengths and limitations, and directions for future research are provided.

Finding Identity Through Directing

Author : Soseh Yekanians
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042950909X
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Finding Identity Through Directing by : Soseh Yekanians

Download or read book Finding Identity Through Directing written by Soseh Yekanians and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-10 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finding Identity through Directing is a practice-led autoethnographical monograph that provides an in-depth exploration into the field of theatre directing and an individual’s endless creative pursuit for belonging. The book specifically examines how a culturally displaced individual may find a sense of identity through their directing and addresses the internal struggles of belonging, acceptance and Self that are often experienced by those who have confronted cultural unhoming. The first half of the story scrutinises Dr Yekanians’ own identity as an Iranian born Armenian-Australian and how she struggled with belonging growing up in a world that for the most part, was unaccepting of her differences. The second half, looks at how theatre directing, aided her (re)discovery of Self. While evidence shows that within the past decade there has been a growing interest in the vocation of theatre directing, embarking on a career within this field, while exciting, can often be a daunting and experimental vocation. Finding Identity through Directing questions this conundrum and specifically asks, in a competitive artistic profession that is rapidly developing, what attracts an individual to the authoritative role of the director and what are the underlying motivations of this attraction? By uncovering that there is more to the role of the director than the mere finality of a production, we can observe that the theatre is a promising setting for cultural exchanges in dialogue and for personal development. Theatre directing as the vehicle for these expansions and progressions of self can potentially address the internal struggles of identity often experienced by those who, in some form, have encountered cultural displacement.

Working Memory Capacity

Author : Nelson Cowan
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317232380
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis Working Memory Capacity by : Nelson Cowan

Download or read book Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.

Implicit Measurement of Challenge and Threat as Motivational Responses to Stereotype Threat

Author : Jamie O'Mally
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (743 download)

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Book Synopsis Implicit Measurement of Challenge and Threat as Motivational Responses to Stereotype Threat by : Jamie O'Mally

Download or read book Implicit Measurement of Challenge and Threat as Motivational Responses to Stereotype Threat written by Jamie O'Mally and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotype threat occurs when people identify with a stigmatized group and experience depressed performance on a task because they become anxious in their desire to disprove a negative stereotype (Steele, 1997). Recent research using a Biopsychosocial (BPS) model has shown that physiological responses to challenge and threat may be an important aspect to consider in understanding the underlying motivational states that influence performance (Vick, Seery, Blascovich, & Weisbuch, 2008). However, physiological data are expensive and time-consuming to collect. The primary goal of this dissertation was to determine whether an implicit cognitive measure could be used in place of physiological equipment to effectively examine motivational responses to challenge and threat. In Study 1, four modified implicit measures were explored to determine which measure would be most effective in examining underlying motivations for challenge and threat. The modified Stroop task demonstrated patterns consistent with stereotype threat effects in Study 1 and was selected for use in Study 2. In Study 2, the relation between performance on the Stroop task and physiological measures of challenge and threat was examined. Additional measures of interest in this study included: working memory, state anxiety, math abilities, and perceptions of task performance. Results indicated that there were no significant effects of stereotype threat conditions on performance on the Stroop or physiological measures. However, stereotype threat significantly influenced state anxiety and perceptions of performance.

The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health

Author : Brenda Major
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190243473
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health by : Brenda Major

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health written by Brenda Major and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stigma leads to poorer health. In The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health, leading scholars identify stigma mechanisms that operate at multiple levels to erode the health of stigmatized individuals and, collectively, produce health disparities. This book provides unique insights concerning the link between stigma and health across various types of stigma and groups.

Processes of Prejudice

Author : Dominic Abrams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781842062708
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (627 download)

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Book Synopsis Processes of Prejudice by : Dominic Abrams

Download or read book Processes of Prejudice written by Dominic Abrams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Experience of Shifting Standards for Women Athletes

Author : Jill Marie Wagaman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (424 download)

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Book Synopsis The Experience of Shifting Standards for Women Athletes by : Jill Marie Wagaman

Download or read book The Experience of Shifting Standards for Women Athletes written by Jill Marie Wagaman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women athletes were recruited to investigate the experience of 'shifting standards.' Shifting standards occurs when people use stereotypes (e.g. gender and athleticism) to make a relative judgment about performance or behavior. Whereas past research has examined shifting standards from the perceiver's perspective, the current project investigates shifting standards from the target's perspective. To inform our hypotheses, we relied on stereotype threat literature (Stone et al., 1999) and the motivational model for stereotyped tasks (Smith, Sansone & White, 2007). Using athletics as the stereotyped domain, Study 1 demonstrated that the masculine nature of the domain was important in predicting reactions to shifting standards feedback. In addition, there was a positive relationship between stigma consciousness and domain identification. In Study 2, college students and community participants were recruited using a pre-screen questionnaire assessing domain identification and primary sport played. As a result, self-identified women athletes (n = 77, 15.6% community) were blocked on the masculine nature of the sport, resulting in a 2 (type of sport: masculine, non-masculine) x 3 (feedback: positive, shifting standards, no feedback) between-subjects design. After first engaging in an ambiguous athletic test, participants received the feedback manipulation. Participants were presented with a "word puzzle" and completed a measure of gender stereotype activation. Then, a second unambiguous test was administered to measure performance, and participants completed post-test measures assessing interest, future motivation, and self-esteem. The athletic tasks were ostensibly assessing the sport each woman most identified with, but all participants actually received the same two tests. The proposed relationship between feedback, performance, and motivation was unaffected by type of sport. Explanations are provided for why this relationship was not supported. Instead, stigma consciousness moderated the effect of feedback on performance and motivation. Women high in stigma consciousness receiving shifting standards feedback showed high gender stereotype activation, low performance, and low interest compared to women high in stigma consciousness receiving positive feedback. These results were not due to participants' self-esteem or level of commitment to the test. Theoretical and practical implications for the experience of shifting standards are discussed.

The Social Psychology of Stigma

Author : Todd F. Heatherton
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572309425
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Psychology of Stigma by : Todd F. Heatherton

Download or read book The Social Psychology of Stigma written by Todd F. Heatherton and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2003-07-16 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume demonstrates that stigma is a normal - albeit undesirable - consequence of people's limited cognitive resources, and of the social information and experiences to which they are exposed. Incorporated are the perspectives of both the perceiver and the target; the relevance of personal and collective identities; and the interplay of affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Particular attention is given to how stigmatized persons make meaning of their predicaments, such as by forming alternative, positive group identities.

Stereotypes

Author : Joel T. Nadler
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Stereotypes by : Joel T. Nadler

Download or read book Stereotypes written by Joel T. Nadler and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an invaluable primer on how culturally accepted stereotypes are impacting people throughout the United States. Stereotypes—both intentional and unconscious—and the harms they cause are increasingly featuring in the news. Here a team of top researchers examines current and emerging research on how stereotypes begin, grow, and harm the members of society—and what can be done to stop them. The authors explain what actions lead to the development and manifestation of stereotypes against groups ranging from racial, ethnic, sexual, and religious minorities to men, women, immigrants, the disabled, and more. They detail the newest studies to help us understand the psychological and social processes that spur and sustain stereotypes, how those affect behavior and decision-making, and how the targeted groups are affected by micro-aggressions and nonverbal behaviors. This volume will interest students of psychology, counseling, social work, law enforcement and legal studies, race and ethnicity, LGBTQ studies, gender studies, public policy, and politics.