The Effects Of Single Mothers Welfare Participation Decisions On Childrens Attainments

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The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Participation Decisions on Children's Attainments

Author : Hau Chyi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Participation Decisions on Children's Attainments by : Hau Chyi

Download or read book The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Participation Decisions on Children's Attainments written by Hau Chyi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research examines the effects of mothers' welfare and work decisions on their children's attainments using a random effect instrumental variables (REIV) estimator. The estimator employs sibling comparisons in a random effect framework and an instrumental variables approach to address the unobserved heterogeneity that may influence mothers' work and welfare decisions. The identification comes from the variation in mothers' different economic incentives that arises from the AFDC benefit structures across U.S. states. We focus on children who were born to single mothers with twelve or fewer years of schooling. The short-run child attainments under consideration are the Peabody Individual Achievement Test math and reading recognition scores from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. Long-run attainments are a child's number of years of schooling by age 25 and his or her early adulthood labor income, drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The REIV estimates imply that, relative to no welfare participation, participating in welfare for one to three years provides up to a 5 percentage point gain in a child's Picture Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) scores. The negative effect of childhood welfare participation on adult earnings found by others is not significant if one accounts for mothers' work decisions. At the estimated values of the model parameters, a mother's number of years of work contributes between $3,000 and $7,000 1996 dollars to her child's labor income, but has no significant effect on the child's PIAT test scores. Finally, children's number of years of schooling are relatively unresponsive to mothers' work and welfare participation choices.

The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment Decisions on Children's Cognitive Development

Author : Hau Chyi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment Decisions on Children's Cognitive Development by : Hau Chyi

Download or read book The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment Decisions on Children's Cognitive Development written by Hau Chyi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the effects of single mothers' welfare use and employment decisions on children's short-run cognitive development, as measured by their preschool standardized math test scores. We control for three mechanisms through which these decisions might affect children's outcomes: direct monetary benefits, parental time invested in the child, and nonpecuniary benefits from in-kind transfer programs such as Medicaid. We employ a correction function approach and control for state-fixed effects to address the endogenous nature of welfare participation and employment decisions. Our estimates suggest that although each additional quarter of either mother's employment or welfare use results in only a small increase in a child's standardized math test score, the total effects after several quarters are sizable. We allow mothers' decisions to have varying effects on attainment by children's observed innate ability and by the intensity of welfare use and employment. A child who has the mean level of observed innate ability with a mother who simultaneously worked and used welfare in all 20 quarters after childbirth experiences an 8.25 standardized-point increase in standardized scores. The positive impact is more pronounced for the more disadvantaged children, who tend to be born to mothers with low Armed Forces Qualification Test scores, or have lower birth weights. We also examine the effects using timing of employment and welfare use, as well as children's maturity and gender.

The Triple Bind of Single-Parent Families

Author : Nieuwenhuis, Rense
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447333640
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis The Triple Bind of Single-Parent Families by : Nieuwenhuis, Rense

Download or read book The Triple Bind of Single-Parent Families written by Nieuwenhuis, Rense and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single parents face countless hardships, but they can be boiled down to a triple bind: inadequate resources, insufficient employment, and limited support policies. This book brings together research from a range of disciplines from more than forty countries--with particularly detailed case studies from the United Kingdom, Iceland, Sweden, and Scotland. It addresses numerous issues related to the struggles of single parents, including poverty, employment, health, children's development and education, and more.

Three Essays in Public Economics

Author : Hau Chyi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Public Economics by : Hau Chyi

Download or read book Three Essays in Public Economics written by Hau Chyi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309483980
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.

My Children First. Choices Made by Welfare Mothers About Participation in Adult Education. A Report Prepared for the Tennessee Department of Human Services

Download My Children First. Choices Made by Welfare Mothers About Participation in Adult Education. A Report Prepared for the Tennessee Department of Human Services PDF Online Free

Author : Mary Ziegler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis My Children First. Choices Made by Welfare Mothers About Participation in Adult Education. A Report Prepared for the Tennessee Department of Human Services by : Mary Ziegler

Download or read book My Children First. Choices Made by Welfare Mothers About Participation in Adult Education. A Report Prepared for the Tennessee Department of Human Services written by Mary Ziegler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this US study was to better understand the reasons why Families First participants chose not to participate in such programs as adult education, programs with the potential to help participants improve their basic skills and increase their options for employment training and career development. Understanding non-participation could help in developing a practical theory based on the participants' perspectives and could assist program administrators and policy makers in aligning programs and services to give Families First participants the greatest probability for success. Table of contents: * Introduction * Methodology * Aspirations and goals verses the environmental constraints of poverty (a better life for my children, educational attainment, getting a good paying job, environmental constraints of poverty) * Facilitators and deterrents that influence participation (personal factors - self esteem, attitudes, sense of self, self-belief, health, relational factors - putting children first, family support, friends, peer relationships, relationships with teachers and staff, institutional factors - Department of Human Services DHS and adult education services and methods, employment priorities) * Discussion * Implications for DHS policy.

Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers

Author : Bruce D. Meyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers by : Bruce D. Meyer

Download or read book Welfare, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the Labor Supply of Single Mothers written by Bruce D. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 1984-96, welfare and tax policy changed dramatically. The Earned Income Tax Credit was expanded, welfare benefits were cut, welfare time limits were added and cases were terminated, Medicaid for the working poor was expanded, training programs were redirected, and subsidized or free child care was expanded. Many of the program changes were intended to encourage low income women to work. During this same time period there were unprecedented increases in the employment and hours of single mothers, particularly those with young children. In this paper, we first document these large changes in policies and employment. We then examine if the policy changes are the reason for the large increases in single mothers' labor supply. We find evidence that a large share of the increase in work by single mothers can be attributed to the EITC, with smaller shares for welfare benefit reductions, welfare waivers, changes in training programs, and child care expansions. We also find that most of these policies increased hours worked. Our results indicate that financial incentives through the tax and welfare systems have substantial effects on single mothers' labor supply decisions.

Essays in Applied Microeconomics

Author : Orgul Demet Ozturk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in Applied Microeconomics by : Orgul Demet Ozturk

Download or read book Essays in Applied Microeconomics written by Orgul Demet Ozturk and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effect of Children on the Work Effort and Welfare Receipt of Single Mothers

Author : Sarah A. Avellar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Children on the Work Effort and Welfare Receipt of Single Mothers by : Sarah A. Avellar

Download or read book The Effect of Children on the Work Effort and Welfare Receipt of Single Mothers written by Sarah A. Avellar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Parenting Matters

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309388570
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Parenting Matters by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

The Effects of Welfare Programs on Single Mothers and Children

Author : Chiquila Nicole Thompson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Welfare Programs on Single Mothers and Children by : Chiquila Nicole Thompson

Download or read book The Effects of Welfare Programs on Single Mothers and Children written by Chiquila Nicole Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers

Author : Rachel Ex Connelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers by : Rachel Ex Connelly

Download or read book The Effect of Child Care Costs on the Labor Force Participation and Welfare Recipiency of Single Mothers written by Rachel Ex Connelly and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Effects of Welfare Reform and Related Policies on Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment

Author : Adam Looney
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Welfare Reform and Related Policies on Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment by : Adam Looney

Download or read book The Effects of Welfare Reform and Related Policies on Single Mothers' Welfare Use and Employment written by Adam Looney and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how changes in tax policy, welfare programs, public health insurance, and economic conditions during the 1990s affected welfare use and employment among single mothers. Drawing on panel data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I give new estimates of the effects of specific policy changes and use those estimates to explain changes in economic behavior. The results suggest that Welfare Reform policies, the EITC, and improved economic conditions, in that order, were the primary determinants of changes in welfare use and employment between 1993 and 1999.

From Welfare to Child Care

Author : Natasha J. Cabrera
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805855135
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (551 download)

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Book Synopsis From Welfare to Child Care by : Natasha J. Cabrera

Download or read book From Welfare to Child Care written by Natasha J. Cabrera and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although federal and state support for childcare has increased dramatically in response to welfare work requirements, low-income families are still facing difficulties balancing work and family obligations. There is wide variation across states in the strictness of welfare work requirements and in the generosity of childcare support. In addition, the level of co-payments required and the flexibility to use subsidies for informal modes of childcare differ across states, leading families to make different childcare and employment choices. The purpose of From Welfare to Childcare is first to describe what changes occurred in childcare following the 1996 welfare reform legislation, and then to analyze how federal welfare and subsidy policies influence the availability, accessibility, and quality of childcare arrangements for single mothers with young children. National in scope, it focuses on how the reforms influence the way that children are cared for when their mothers leave welfare and enter the workforce. This book is suitable for national, state, and local policymakers, non-profit organizations that study and attempt to influence public policy, and scholars interested in family and social policy issues. It can be used as a text in graduate level courses on welfare, poverty, and children and public policy.

Welfare Reform and Children's Short-Run Attainments

Author : Hau Chyi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Welfare Reform and Children's Short-Run Attainments by : Hau Chyi

Download or read book Welfare Reform and Children's Short-Run Attainments written by Hau Chyi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using PIAT Math test score as a measure of attainment, we find that both single mothers' work and welfare use in the first five years of their children's lives have a positive effect on children's outcomes, but this effect declines with initial ability. The higher the initial ability of a child, the lower the positive impact work and welfare have. In fact, in the case of welfare the effect is negative if a child has more than median initial ability. Furthermore, we find that the work requirement reduces a single mother's use of welfare. However, the net effect of the work requirement on a child's test score depends on whether the mother's work brings in enough labor income to compensate for the loss of welfare benefits. We also look at the implications of the welfare eligibility time limit and maternal leave policies on children's outcomes.

Impact of Mothers' Welfare Program on Childrens' Outcomes

Author : Nidhi Pande
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Mothers' Welfare Program on Childrens' Outcomes by : Nidhi Pande

Download or read book Impact of Mothers' Welfare Program on Childrens' Outcomes written by Nidhi Pande and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been a number of programs aimed at reducing the welfare dependence of single mother families. These programs usually operate by providing young welfare mothers access to an array of education, employment, and family services to increase their human capital, employability and reduce or eliminate their reliance on welfare. Most of the existing studies examine the impact of these programs on the women they target. I try to examine the spillover effect of one such program on the family, more particularly children of the participating mothers. Using a randomized experiment that provided education, training and life skill services to teenage high school dropout mothers' as the policy, I examine the impact of mothers' participation in the program on their preschool childrens' cognitive and non cognitive outcomes and also try to look at the pathway through which it might be operating. My estimates suggest that the program is negatively impacting the children both on cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Growing Up with a Single Parent

Author : Sara McLanahan
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674040861
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Growing Up with a Single Parent by : Sara McLanahan

Download or read book Growing Up with a Single Parent written by Sara McLanahan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonwhite and white, rich and poor, born to an unwed mother or weathering divorce, over half of all children in the current generation will live in a single-parent family--and these children simply will not fare as well as their peers who live with both parents. This is the clear and urgent message of this powerful book. Based on four national surveys and drawing on more than a decade of research, Growing Up with a Single Parent sharply demonstrates the connection between family structure and a child's prospects for success. What are the chances that the child of a single parent will graduate from high school, go on to college, find and keep a job? Will she become a teenage mother? Will he be out of school and out of work? These are the questions the authors pursue across the spectrum of race, gender, and class. Children whose parents live apart, the authors find, are twice as likely to drop out of high school as those in two-parent families, one and a half times as likely to be idle in young adulthood, twice as likely to become single parents themselves. This study shows how divorce--particularly an attendant drop in income, parental involvement, and access to community resources--diminishes children's chances for well-being. The authors provide answers to other practical questions that many single parents may ask: Does the gender of the child or the custodial parent affect these outcomes? Does having a stepparent, a grandmother, or a nonmarital partner in the household help or hurt? Do children who stay in the same community after divorce fare better? Their data reveal that some of the advantages often associated with being white are really a function of family structure, and that some of the advantages associated with having educated parents evaporate when those parents separate. In a concluding chapter, McLanahan and Sandefur offer clear recommendations for rethinking our current policies. Single parents are here to stay, and their worsening situation is tearing at the fabric of our society. It is imperative, the authors show, that we shift more of the costs of raising children from mothers to fathers and from parents to society at large. Likewise, we must develop universal assistance programs that benefit low-income two-parent families as well as single mothers. Startling in its findings and trenchant in its analysis, Growing Up with a Single Parent will serve to inform both the personal decisions and governmental policies that affect our children's--and our nation's--future.