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Download or read book The Effects of Sediment Structure on Geoacoustic Properties written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Microstructure on Shear Properties of Shallow Marine Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to investigate the implication of geoacoustic behaviors in the shallow marine sediments associated with the changes in geotechnical index properties. Two piston cores (270cm and 400cm in core length) used in this study were recovered from stations 1 and 2, the western continental margin, the East Sea. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to illustrate the effects of microstructure on shear properties. The direct SEM observation of sediment fabrics is inevitable to understand the correlation of the changes in geoacoustic properties to the sediment structure. The consolidation of sediments by overburden stress resulting in the clay fabric alteration appears to play an important role in changing shear properties. Water contents and porosity of sediments gradually decreases with increasing depth, whereas wet bulk density shows a reverse trend. It is interesting to note that shear wave velocities increase rapidly from 8 to 20 m/s while compressional wave velocities significantly fluctuate, ranging from 1450 to 1550 m/s with depth. The fabric changes in sediment with increasing depth for example, uniform grain size and well oriented clay fabrics may cause the shear strength increase from 1 to 12 kPa. Shear wave velocity is, therefore, shown to be very sensitive to the changes in undrained strength for unconsolidated marine sediments. This correlation allows an in-situ estimation of shear stress in the subsurface from shear wave velocity data.
Author : Michael D. Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Effects of Hydrodynamic and Biological Processes on Sediment Geoacoustic Properties in Long Island Sound, U.S.A. written by Michael D. Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concurrent acoustical, physical, and biological properties were measured from replicate core liner and box-core samples collected by SCUBA divers from each of two locations 27-28 Aug 1980. A very low density pioneer assemblage dominated by the filter-feeding bivalve Mulinia lateralis was found at the shallower (10 m water depth) FOAM site. Nearby sediments were dominated by surface-dwelling tubiculous polychaetes and amphipods. Sediment laminations produced by storm-induced erosional and depositional events were preserved at the FOAM site. Horizontal patchiness of macrofauna and preservation of sediment laminations resulted in vertical and horizontal variability of sediment physical and acoustical properties. Bioturbation was responsible for spatial and temporal large-scale homogeneity of physical and acoustical properties of NWC sediments. Deeper-dwelling polychaetes mixed sediment to depths of 15 cm, creating random variability of fine-scale physical and acoustical structure by production of burrows, tubes and feeding voids, and by mixing shell remains throughout the upper 15 cm.
Author : Lloyd Hampton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468408380
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Physics of Sound in Marine Sediments written by Lloyd Hampton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of sound transmissions through marine sediments is of extreme interest to both the United States civilian and Navy research communities. Both communities have conducted research within the field of this phenomenon approaching it from different perspectives. The academic research community has approached it as a technique for studying sedimentary and crustal structures of the ocean basins. The Navy research community has approached it as an additional variable in the predictability of sound trans mission through oceanic waters. In order to join these diverse talents, with the principal aim of bringing into sharp focus the state-of-the-science in the problems relating to the behavior of sound in marine sediments, the Office of Naval Research organized and sponsored an invited symposium on this subject. The papers published in this volume are the results of this symposium and mark the frontiers in the state-of-the-art. The symposia series were based on five research areas identified by ONR as being particularly suitable for critical review and for the appraisal of future research trends. These areas include: 1. Physics of Sound in Marine Sediments, 2. Physical and Engineering Properties of Deep-Sea Sediments, 3. The Role of Bottom Currents in Sea Floor Geological Processes, 4. Nephelometry and the Optical Properties of the Ocean I'laters, S. Natural Gases in Marine Sediments and Their Mode of Distribution. These five areas also form some of the research priorities of the ONR program in Marine Geology and Geophysics.
Author : William A. Kuperman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468490516
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Bottom-Interacting Ocean Acoustics written by William A. Kuperman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: vi These categories seem to represent the basic breakdown by field of present-day research in this area. Though each paper has been classified into one of these categories (for conference organization purpose), many papers overlapped two or three areas. It is also interesting to note that not only are scientific results being communicated, but the latest techniques and the state-of-the-art tools of the trade (existing and in development) are also being presented. The forty-six papers presented at this conference represent the work of seventy scientists working at universities, government laboratories, and industrial laboratories in seven different countries . We would like to thank the contributors for their efforts and especially for their promptness in providing the editors with their final manuscripts. William A. Kuperman Finn B. Jensen La Spezia, Italy July 1980 CONTENTS GEOACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF MARINE SEDIMENTS Attenuation of Sound in Marine Sediments . • 1 J. M. Hovem Directivity and Radiation Impedance of a Transducer 15 Embedded in a Lossy Medium . •• •••••• G. H. Ziehm Elastic Properties Related to Depth of Burial, Strontium Content and Age, and Diagenetic Stage in Pelagic Carbonate Sediments . . • • . • • • . 41 M. H. Manghnani, S. O. Schianger, and P. D. Milholland Application of Geophysical Methods 'and Equipment to Explore the Sea Bottom . •• •••. • 53 H. F. Weichart The Acoustic Response of Some Gas-Charged Sediments in the Northern Adriatic Sea • • • • . • • • • 73 A.
Author : Geological Survey (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book New Publications of the Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Characterization of the Environment During SAX04: Preliminary Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sediment Acoustic Experiment (SAXO4) was conducted on a sandy sediment 1- km offshore of Ft. Walton Beach, Florida, September-November, 2904. The objectives of SAXO4 were to provide a fundamental understanding of high frequency acoustic-bottom interactions sufficient to predict acoustic scattering from the seafloor, penetration of acoustic energy into the seafloor, and propagation of acoustic energy within the seafloor. For these acoustic topics a thorough characterization of seafloor properties is required The specific objectives of the team from the Naval Research Laboratory were 1) to provide statistical characterization of the environmental properties, especially the roughness and sediment volume properties; 2) measure and model the dispersive behavior of sediment sound speed and attenuation over the 1-400-kHz frequency band; 3) conduct in situ manipulative experiments to determine the effects of changing seafloor roughness on high-frequency acoustic scattering; 4) determine the effects of biological, geological, and hydrodynamic processes on the spatial and temporal distribution of sediment physical, geotechnical and geoacoustic properties; 5) develop predictive empirical and physical models of the relationships among those properties; and 6) derive a fundamental understanding of the effects of sediment microstructure (porometric and grain properties) on fluid flow and geoacoustic properties. During the 60-day experiment NRL divers made 126 dives manipulating seafloor roughness and discrete scatters, measuring seafloor properties and roughness in situ, deploying equipment of the seafloor, and collecting a variety of sediment samples. Preliminary results from SAX04 are presented.
Author : Geological Survey (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book New publications of the U.S. Geological Survey written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholas G. Pace
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401006261
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Impact of Littoral Environmental Variability on Acoustic Predictions and Sonar Performance written by Nicholas G. Pace and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limiting influence of the environment on sonar has long been recognised as a major challenge to science and technology. As the area of interest shifts towards the lit toral, environmental influences become dominant both in time and space. The manyfold challenges encompass prediction, measurement, assessment and adaptive responses to maximize the effectiveness of systems. Although MCM and ASW activities are dom inated in different ways and scales by the environment, both warfare areas have had to consider the significantly changing requirements posed by operations in the littoraL The fundamental scientific issues involved in developing models relating acoustics to the environment are matched in difficulty by the need for data for their validation and eventual practical use for prediction. In many instances the need is for on-line adaptation of systems to changing circumstances whilst other needs are for the Ionger term planning activities. This book and the attached full-color CD are the proceedings of a conference organ ised by the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre, held at Villa Marigola, Lerici, Italy, on 16-20 September 2002. The fundamental problems associated with environmental 1 variability and sonar were explored at a previous SACLANTCEN conference in 1990. These problems have not gone away but, on the one hand are exaggerated by the move to the littoral and on the other hand, are open to treatrnent in new ways that advances in technology and computer power allow.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W.A. Chiou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461244285
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Microstructure of Fine-Grained Sediments written by W.A. Chiou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of basic clay microstructure is fundamental to an understanding of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of fine-grained sediments and rocks. This compilation of fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers examines clay microstructure in detail with comprehensive sections focusing on microstructure signatures, environmental processes, modeling, measurement techniques, and future research recommendations. Many of these topics are discussed in light of geological and engineering applications, such as hazardous waste disposal, construction techniques, and drilling programs. The field of clay microstructure is developing rapidly. The concepts, observations, and principles presented in this book will help stimulate new thought and be a "spring board" for exciting new research.
Author : Darrell Jackson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387369457
Total Pages : 634 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)
Download or read book High-Frequency Seafloor Acoustics written by Darrell Jackson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-02 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a research monograph on high-Frequency Seafloor Acoustics. It is the first book in a new series sponsored by the Office of Naval Research on the latest research in underwater acoustics. It provides a critical evaluation of the data and models pertaining to high-frequency acoustic interaction with the seafloor, which will be of interest to researchers in underwater acoustics and to developers of sonars. Models and data are presented so as to be readily usable, backed up by extensive explanation. Much of the data is new, and the discussion in on two levels: concise descriptions in the main text backed up by extensive technical appendices.
Author : Michael D. Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Geoacoustic Models and Bioturbation written by Michael D. Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two types of geoacoustic models are used to describe relationships between physical and acoustic properties of unconsolidated marine sediments: simple predictive, and theoretical models. Simple predictive models use the apparent correlation between physical properties of sediments (usually porosity, grain size or density) and acoustic properties of sediments to predict velocity and attenuation of compressional and shear waves. Theoretical models use elastic properties of sediments (rigidity, compressibility, etc.) to calculate acoustic properties. It has been shown that bioturbation by benthic animals profoundly affects the physical properties of marine sediments. Activities including burrowing, ingestion/digestion/defecation, tube building, biodeposition, cementation and metabolic activities modify porosity, grain size, density, fabric, rigidity and compressibility of sediments. We hypothesize that bioturbation by benthic animals alters acoustic properties of unconsolidated marine sediments. An example is provided for predicted effects of bioturbation on selected acoustic and elastic properties of a silty mud sediment. Knowledge of effects of bioturbation on unconsolidated marine sediments may increase our understanding of the relationship between predicted and measured acoustic properties.
Author : Albert M. Bottoms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the Technology and the Mine Problem Symposium written by Albert M. Bottoms and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gabriel Ricardo Venegas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)
Download or read book The Impact of Salinity Diffusion, Poroelasticity, and Organic Carbon in Sediment Acoustics written by Gabriel Ricardo Venegas and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To optimize the use of sound in waters on the continental shelf for naval, commercial, and environmental monitoring applications, the acoustic properties of the ocean bottom must be well understood. The effects of 1) pore water salinity variability on acoustic reflectivity, 2) poroelasticity on geoacoustic inference, and 3) organic carbon on sediment properties were formerly-considered insignificant in sediment acoustics, but due to advancements in other areas of underwater acoustics systems and modeling, have now become significant. Three separate but related studies were conducted to begin to quantify these effects. 1) A high-frequency acoustic reflection experiment was performed on a water-clay interface, while varying the salinity of the water. Results demonstrated significant changes in reflectivity at high incident angles, as well as a transient effect explained by a new coupled salt diffusion/reflection model. Using the model, the effective diffusion coefficient of salt in clay was inferred from the experiment, and reflectivity was then simulated at lower frequencies and longer time-scales. From this modeling effort, at a given time-scale of fluctuation, a characteristic frequency was identified, below which the reflectivity should not be assumed temporally invariant. 2) A model geoacoustic inference procedure was performed on a layered waveguide consisting of water and water-saturated glass beads contained within a glass tube. The resonance frequencies of the system were measured and compared with simulations of the experiment. Within each simulation, various sediment acoustics models were used. The only model that allowed for self-consistency between the inference and an independent set of high-frequency sound speed measurements, was a model that accounted for poroelastic effects. 3) A sediment constituent that has great value to the planet and is ubiquitous in natural marine sediment, organic carbon, has been ignored in sediment acoustics models. To begin to explore this relationship, sediment cores were extracted from a T. testudinum seagrass meadow in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, USA. A strong correlation between organic carbon and the primary-wave modulus was identified using a custom-built automated broad-band core and resonance logger and an elemental analyzer. The sediment properties attained from the cores were compared, and a theory explaining the correlations was developed. The acoustic sensitivity to organic carbon in a seagrass meadow has demonstrated promise toward developing an acoustic tool to more rapidly quantify marine organic carbon stores, which is needed in climate science. However, a larger-scale study is required to determine its applicability across a broader range of seagrass meadows and sediment types
Author : Michael D. Richardson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Modeling Gassy Sediment Structure and Behavior written by Michael D. Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Danny Reible
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402049595
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments written by Danny Reible and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-21 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion at a May 2005 NATO Advanced Research Workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments are discussed with emphasis on in-situ management. The text addresses physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments. The development of regulatory and strategic approaches is discussed with emphasis on the potential for biological remediation in the management of contaminated sediments.
