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The Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization On Yield And Yield Components In Dryland Winter Wheat
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Yield Components in Dryland Winter Wheat by : John Francis Shanahan
Download or read book The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Yield Components in Dryland Winter Wheat written by John Francis Shanahan and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Protein Content of Winter Wheat in Utah by : Howard Boyd Peterson
Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Protein Content of Winter Wheat in Utah written by Howard Boyd Peterson and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management by : R.F. Follett
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Timing and Placement Effects on Grain and Plant Nitrogen, and Grain Yield in Hard Red Winter Wheat by : Mylen G. Bohle
Download or read book Nitrogen Timing and Placement Effects on Grain and Plant Nitrogen, and Grain Yield in Hard Red Winter Wheat written by Mylen G. Bohle and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hard red winter wheat has the potential to be an alternative crop in the Pacific Northwest, however percent grain nitrogen has been unacceptably low and grain yields have been about only 80% of soft white winter wheat. During the late spring and the summer months there is usually little rainfall, therefore moisture and nitrogen needed for grain fill must be taken up from the subsoil. The interaction between rainfall distribution and available nitrogen and moisture at different depths in the soil during grain fill was thought to be the problem for low percent grain nitrogen in this mediterranean climate. Dryland field experiments were conducted with the hard red winter wheat cultivar Nanser' at the Sherman Branch Expeilment Station at Moro, north-central Oregon, during the crop years 1983 and 1984. Plots were fall-fertilized with 0 (low N) and 80 (high N) kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and 0 and 20 kg/ha of phosphorus fertilizer. At jointing and at anthesis, 0 and 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer were applied with water, to the 0, 60 and 120 cm soil depths to determine the effects upon percent grain nitrogen, grain yield, plant nitrogen yield and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) at harvest. The 80 kg/ha fall-applied N rate was the factor most responsible for increasing percent grain nitrogen and grain nitrogen yield. Grain yield was increased only in 1984. Under low N fertility conditions, percent grain nitrogen was increased by the 20 kg/ha N rate applied at anthesis in 1983. Grain yield was increased with the 20 kg/ha N rate applied at jointing, both years, and was limited if phosphorus fertilizer was not present with the anthesis timing in 1983. Grain nitrogen yield was increased by P fertilizer and the 20 N rate (regardless of timing) in 1983, and when N was applied at jointing in 1984. Under high N fertility conditions, 20 N rate applied at jointing increased percent grain N both years, and grain nitrogen yield in 1983. Grain yield was not increased. In general, percent grain N in the high N fertility plots and the 1984 low N fertility plots was positively correlated to the nitrogen yield of all the plant parts, except chaff in 1984. Percent grain N was negatively correlated to grain NHI under high N fertility conditions, but positively correlated under 1983 low N conditions. Percent grain N was positively correlated to most other plant parts' NHI under high N fertility conditions in 1983 and 1984 and 1984 low N fertility conditions. Under low N fertility conditions in 1983, percent grain N was positively correlated to grain NHI. Deep placement did not significantly increase percent grain N, grain yield or grain nitrogen yield. Under high N fertility conditions in 1984, more nitrogen remained in some of the straw plant parts at the 60 cm depth with the anthesis timing compared to jointing.
Book Synopsis The Agronomic and Economic Feasibility of Winter Wheat in Northern New York as a Dairy Feed by : Lewis Steven Beckham
Download or read book The Agronomic and Economic Feasibility of Winter Wheat in Northern New York as a Dairy Feed written by Lewis Steven Beckham and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Management, Consumptive Use, and Nitrogen Fertilization of Irrigated Winter Wheat in Western Kansas by : Jack T. Musick
Download or read book Water Management, Consumptive Use, and Nitrogen Fertilization of Irrigated Winter Wheat in Western Kansas written by Jack T. Musick and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solute Movement in the Soil-root System by : Peter Hague Nye
Download or read book Solute Movement in the Soil-root System written by Peter Hague Nye and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Varietal Differences in Response of Winter Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Environment by : John Richard Ambler
Download or read book Varietal Differences in Response of Winter Wheat Varieties to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Environment written by John Richard Ambler and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences between winter wheat varieties in response to nitrogen fertilizer. Seven nitrogen fertilizer rate x variety factorial experiments were conducted in several environments. Dry matter and nitrogen yields at boot, soft dough, and harvest and grain yield components were measured. The yield component data were evaluated in terms of storage capacity which is assumed to be proportional to kernels /rn2 for a given variety. The kernels /m2 was divided into two components, spikes /rn2 and kernels/spike. The spikes /m2 of each variety were closely related to the boot nitrogen yield, but not to boot dry matter yield or plant nitrogen content. Since the kernels/spike generally remained constant or increased as the boot nitrogen yield increased, the kernels/m2 appeared to depend on the boot nitrogen yield. The variety Hyslop had high dry matter and nitrogen yields at boot stage of growth. This appears to allow it to have excellent storage capacity as measured by kernels /m2 . Good growth by boot stage appears to lower the nitrogen fertilizer rate needed for maximum grain yields. The variety Nugaines had relatively low growth and nitrogen uptake by boot. This may be the reason why it needs a higher fertilizer rate than Hyslop to obtain adequate storage capacity (kernels/m2). However; Nugaines had better growth after soft dough stage. At the dryland locations this may be due to slower depletion of the soil water. At the irrigated locations it may be due to greater late tillering. Hyslop and Nugaines differed in the pattern of yield component adjustment to improving environment. Hyslop mainly increased its average kernels/spike rather than spikes/m2 . Nugaines had greater increases in spikes/m2 but smaller increases in kernels/spike. This may be related to their different cuim sizes and tillering. Hyslop forms a few large culms early in the season, but Nugaines continues to tiller during stem elongation. Coulee was intermediate between Hyslop and Nugaines in patterns of growth over time and pattern of yield component adjustment to improving environment. It had good yields at moderate nitrogen rates, and high nitrogen rates did not appear to be needed for adequate storage capacity. Wanser consistently had low grain yields, which was due to low kernels/m2 . Nitrogen fertilizer increased its height more than the shorter varieties and this was associated with reductions in kernels/spike: Thus the height growth of Wanser may compete with its ear development and cause poor storage capacity. Wanser had slightly greater grain nitrogen percentage than other varieties, but this was simply associated with its low grain yield. There were only small varietal differences in the percentage of plant nitrogen translocated to grain. However, environment and nitrogen fertilizer rate greatly affected this. The club wheat Paha yielded well but usually less than some other varieties. It had high dry matter and nitrogen yields, but after soft dough its dry matter yields decreased more than for other varieties. This indicated that it depleted soil moisture earlier than other varieties did. Tx65A1268, a short hard red winter wheat with prolific tillering and small culms, was included in. two experiments. It had the highest grain yield at the low rainfall site. This may be related to its early maturity. However, with irrigation it yielded poorly. This appeared to be due to poor storage capacity since there was no increase in kernels/spike with improving environment. Yamhill, an awnletted wheat, yielded well in the Willamette Valley, but not in eastern Oregon. Estimates of the recovery of fertilizer nitrogen were calculated from the increases in soft dough nitrogen yield caused by each increment of nitrogen fertilizer. At sites with excellent moisture supply the first fertilizer increment was incompletely recovered (44-66%), apparently due to immobilization associated with plant residue decay. With higher fertilizer increments which increased yields, fertilizer recovery values were near 100%. At low rainfall sites under fallow cropping recovery values were 38-56% and decreased with above optimum fertilizer rates. At eastern Oregon sites losses of nitrogen from the plant tops after soft dough ranged from 7-33% depending on variety, location, and fertilizer rate. At maturity the percentage of the total plant top nitrogen in the grain ranged from 60-81%. This percentage decreased with nitrogen fertilization, but was little affected by variety.
Book Synopsis Fertilizer Trials on Dryland Winter Wheat by : I. G. Sampson
Download or read book Fertilizer Trials on Dryland Winter Wheat written by I. G. Sampson and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat is one of the major crops of Utah and for more than 50 years farmers have been raising wheat on the dry lands of the state. The system they use is known as the alternate cropping or crop-follow system and consists of one year of crop alternating with one year of clean cultivation known as fallow. Wheat removes a considerable amount of the natural plant food elements from the soil each year. This is especially true of nitrogen. According to Bracken and Greaves (9) the original low supply of nitrogen in most Utah soils together with the depleting effects of alternate wheat and fallow has the possibility of making nitrogen rather than moisture the limiting factor of crop production in certain dry-farm areas. The amount of nitrogen removed from the soil by the wheat crop is only a portion of the total supply. Such factors as leaching to a lower depth beyond the feeding range of the plant, erosion, denitrification, and volatilization through biological and possibly chemical action are thought to be responsible for the loss of nitrogen unaccounted for by crop removal. The results of several investigators indicate that this loss is approximately twice as much as was removed by the crop. Since nitrogen is one of the major factors responsible for high yields and high quality of wheat, it naturally follows that any reduction of the amount of nitrogen in the soil produces a corresponding reduction in yield and quality of wheat. Recent reports show that this condition exists in Utah as well as in other areas. As a result of this reduction in yield and quality of wheat, processors are concerned about the problems. The seriousness of the problem cannot be over-emphasized. Ways and means of checking these losses and subsequently increasing the yield and quality are being studied. Three possible procedures for increasing soil nitrogen have been suggested: 1. the use of legumes, especially alfalfa, in a rotation program; 2. non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation: and 3. the use of commercial fertilizers. Since legumes have not been grown to any great extent, the only other natural source of nitrogen has been non-symbiotic fixation. Evidence in this field of investigation, however, indicates that this source is inadequate and that other sources must be bad. Also, the data indicate that no effective methods have been found which increase non-symbiotic fixation. Limited information suggests that further study is needed on the use of legumes for increasing the nitrogen and organic matter content of dry farm soils. This investigation is confined to the use of commercial fertilizers as one solution to the general problem.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Fertility Level on Plant Growth and Development, Water Uptake and Water Stress in Dryland Wheat Production by : Raul Jose Agamennoni
Download or read book The Effect of Fertility Level on Plant Growth and Development, Water Uptake and Water Stress in Dryland Wheat Production written by Raul Jose Agamennoni and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dryland winter wheat in eastern Oregon is usually subjected to water stress several times during the growing period. Moreover, the last three months of growth period depend strongly on the available soil water. The fertility level, stage of growth, availability of soil water and climatic conditions all interact to determine the severity of crop water stress. The level of nitrogen and phosphorus fertility in the growing wheat crop can affect plant growth and development, water uptake and the incidence and severity of water stress. In order to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions leading to water stress in the wheat crop, a means of determining when and how long the stress occurs is needed. The Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) developed by Idso et al in 1981 utilizing the infrared thermometer was used to determine the crop water stress level during the critical spring growth period. The objectives of this work were: (1) to study the effect of N and P fertilization levels on crop water stress and water uptake by the crop; (2) to describe the crop water stress phenomenon in order to help explain when, and why water stress occurs; (3) to analyze the dry matter production and partitioning and yield components as related to fertilization, crop water stress and date of planting; and (4) to attempt to develop an equation to predict grain yield of soft white winter wheat in Oregon, given a certain level of water stress assessed by the CWSI. Two types of field fertilizer experiments were conducted using a soft white winter wheat cv. Stephens at the Sherman Experiment Station, Moro, Oregon during the 1982 and 1983 seasons. Atypical climatic conditions with precipitation and relative humidity levels greater than, and maximum temperatures less than the long-term means combined to produce a relatively low level of crop water stress. There were two relatively short periods in 1982 in which moderate to severe crop water stress occurred. The CWSI proved capable of detecting the severity and duration of these stress periods with a good level of reliability. Nitrogen fertilization increased the total crop water uptake. Coincidentally, CWSI level was always reduced with the addition of N. The only exception was in one N experiment in 1982, in which water uptake was not increased with N fertilization. The total dry matter production and yield relationship was indicative of the climatic conditions which produced nearly optimum soil water conditions in the 1982 and 1983 seasons. Nitrogen increased total dry matter production during both seasons, with a higher level being evident in 1983. The yield increase from the added nitrogen was mainly due to an increase in spike number and to a lesser extent an increase in the number of kernels per spike. Late plantings produced larger individual spikes with a greater number of kernels than earlier seeding, but these differences were not great enough to overcome the drastic reduction in spike number. A logarithmic relationship between grain yield and the CWSI averaged on a daily basis was developed. Although somewhat inconsistent, the need to account for other factors such as N availability and the differences in vegetative growth produced before the period of CWSI study, was recognized. The assumption that CWSI alone could predict grain yield was originally based on limited soil water conditions. If that condition is not present, the other variables that may limit yield potential must be considered. The use of infrared thermometry technology and the CWSI system appear to be feasible tools to determine crop water stress at the field level. However, one can expect more consistent and reliable results under the more normal stress conditions.
Book Synopsis Effect of Amount and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Protein Content of Four Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivars by : Bahman Eghball
Download or read book Effect of Amount and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Protein Content of Four Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivars written by Bahman Eghball and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. Em. Thell) to Nitrogen and Chloride Fertilization in the Presence of Take-all Root Rot (Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici Walker) by : Mohamed El Hadi Maatougui
Download or read book Response of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. Em. Thell) to Nitrogen and Chloride Fertilization in the Presence of Take-all Root Rot (Gaeumannomyces Graminis Var. Tritici Walker) written by Mohamed El Hadi Maatougui and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Response from nitrogen and chloride fertilization was measured in field experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell. var. 'Stephens' and 'Yamhill') grown in western Oregon in an environment with a range of susceptibility to take-all root rot (Gaumannomyces graminis var. tritici Walker). Cropping sequences and expected disease severity considered in the study were: first year wheat after clover (low risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon I experiment), second year wheat with high disease infection in the previous crop (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), second year wheat with low disease infection in the previous crop (moderate risk of severe take-all root rot: Nixon II and Coon experiment), third year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Jones experiment), fifth year wheat (high risk of severe take-all root rot: Keyt II experiment), and eighteenth year wheat (take-all decline established: the pathogen is present in the soil but does not cause damage, Evers experiment). Nitrogen treatments were applied at 0, 67, 134, and 202 kg/ha in all experiments where wheat followed wheat and at 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg/ha in the experiment where wheat followed clover. Chloride treatments were applied at 0, 45, and 90 kg/ha in all experiments and a rate of 134 kg C1/ha was also used on the Jones experiment. Nitrogen was predominantly supplied from urea while ammonium chloride supplied chloride and ammonium sulfate supplied the crop requirement for sulfur (about 20 kg/ha). Fertilizers were top-dressed in split application with chloride and sulfur containing fertilizers applied first (February) and urea applied later (March) in all experiments but those conducted in the Nixon farm where a single fertilizer was applied in March. Crop response was measured through the effects of N and c1 treatments on dry matter production, plant nitrogen content, plant nitrogen uptake and plant percent nitrogen recovery, as well as grain yield, yield components, grain nitrogen content, grain protein content, grain nitrogen uptake, and grain percent nitrogen recovery. The results of the study strongly indicated that take-all root rot was only a problem in the Jones, Keyt I, and Keyt II experiments and was most severe in third year wheat (Jones experiment). This also was the only experiment with significant (p = 0.05) response from rates of 202 kg N/ha. Nitrogen fertilization was the main factor that greatly influenced the levels of the variables studied while chloride fertilization generally did not have a significant (p = 0.05) influence. 134 kg N/ha was generally the rate accounting for the best levels of each variable studied in all experiments except in the Jones experiment as precised earlier. Crop response was also affected by a relatively long 'dry' period (April 20th to June 20th), particularly in the experiment where take-all root rot was a problem. Levels of the variables studied accounted for by the optimum rates of N were consistently higher in the experiments where take-all root rot was not a problem than where it was a problem by the following amounts: dry matter yields-17%, plant nitrogen contents-18%, plant nitrogen uptake levels-30%, plant nitrogen recoveries-28%, grain yields-22%, grain nitrogen contents-only 4%, grain protein contents-only 2%, grain nitrogen uptake levels-26%, grain nitrogen recoveries-18%, and spikes/m2-24%.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Calendar Date on Yield, Quality, and Tetany Potential of Soft Red Winter Wheat Forage as Influenced by Sampling Technique by : Clayton Ray Bailey
Download or read book The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Calendar Date on Yield, Quality, and Tetany Potential of Soft Red Winter Wheat Forage as Influenced by Sampling Technique written by Clayton Ray Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Time of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Distribution in Wheat Plants and Grain Yield Components by : Melville Graham Mason
Download or read book Effect of Time of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Distribution in Wheat Plants and Grain Yield Components written by Melville Graham Mason and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Wheat in New York State by : Rodolfo Moreno Dahme
Download or read book Nitrogen Fertilization of Winter Wheat in New York State written by Rodolfo Moreno Dahme and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Efficiency in Agricultural Soils by : David S. Jenkinson
Download or read book Nitrogen Efficiency in Agricultural Soils written by David S. Jenkinson and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1988 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Seminar on nitrogen efficiency in agricultural soils and the efficiency use of fertilizer nitrogen, held in Edinburgh, 16-18 September 1987, as part of the EC Programme for the Coordination of Agricultural Research.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Varying Nitrogen Fertilization Programmes on the Nitrogen Economy, Grain Yield and Quality of Pure-line and Hybrid Winter Wheat by : Damien J. Fewer
Download or read book The Effect of Varying Nitrogen Fertilization Programmes on the Nitrogen Economy, Grain Yield and Quality of Pure-line and Hybrid Winter Wheat written by Damien J. Fewer and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
