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Author : Keith Eugene Maskus
Publisher : Peterson Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780881325973
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (259 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy written by Keith Eugene Maskus and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shubham Chaudhuri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Effects of Extending Intellectual Property Rights Protection to Developing Countries written by Shubham Chaudhuri and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the TRIPS agreement, WTO members are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. The debate about the merits of this requirement has been and continues to be extremely contentious. Many poor developing economies claim that patent protection for pharmaceuticals will result in substantially higher prices for medicines, with adverse consequences for the health and well-being of their citizens. On the other hand, research-based global pharmaceutical companies, which claim to have lost billions of dollars because of patent infringement, argue that prices are unlikely to rise significantly because most patented products have therapeutic substitutes. In this paper we empirically investigate the basis of these claims. Central to the ongoing debate is the structure of demand for pharmaceuticals in poor economies where, because health insurance coverage is so rare, almost all medical expense are met out-of-pocket. Using a product-level data set from India, which is unique in terms of its detail and coverage, we estimate key price and expenditure elasticities and supply-side parameters for the fluoroquinolones sub-segment of the systemic anti-bacterials (i.e., antibiotics) segment of the Indian pharmaceuticals market. We then use these estimates to carry out counterfactual simulations of what prices, profits (of both domestic firms and multinational subsidiaries) and consumer welfare would have been, had the fluoroquinolone molecules we study been under patent in India as they were in the U.S. at the time. Our results suggest that concerns about the potential adverse welfare effects of TRIPS may have some basis. We estimate that - in the absence of any price regulation or compulsory licensing - the total annual welfare losses to the Indian economy from the withdrawal of the four domestic product groups in the fluoroquinolone sub-segment would be on the order of U.S. $713 million, or about 118% of the sales of the entire systemic anti-bacter.
Author : Carlos Alberto Primo Braga
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821347089
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (47 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Development written by Carlos Alberto Primo Braga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of history, different legal instruments for protecting intellectual property have emerged. These instruments differ in their subject matter, extent of protection, and field of application, reflecting society's objective to balance the interests of creators and consumers for different types of intellectual works. These legal instruments are just one of the pieces that form a national system of intellectual property protection. Also crucial to the system's overall effectiveness are the institutions administering these instruments, the mechanisms available for enforcing IPRs, and the rules regarding the treatment of non-nationals. To address some of the issues concerning IPRs, this paper defines what they are and attempts to evaluate the relationship between the protection of intellectual property and economic activity in developing countries. It also summarizes the economic effects of IPRs in terms of creation and diffusion of knowledge and information; and market structure and prices. Furthermore, it discusses the reformation of IPRs regimes and makes recommendations for their administration and enforcement. This paper consolidates some of the research from the 'World Development Report 1998/1999: Knowledge for Development' and some contributions made at an Internet-moderated conference conducted by the Bank's TechNet program. It will be of interest to governments, investors, and international organizations.
Author : J. Michael Finger
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821383698
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Poor People's Knowledge written by J. Michael Finger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-29 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we help poor people earn more from their knowledge rather than from their sweat and muscle alone? This book is about increasing the earnings of poor people in poor countries from their innovation, knowledge, and creative skills. Case studies look at the African music industry; traditional crafts and ways to prevent counterfeit crafts designs; the activities of fair trade organizations; biopiracy and the commercialization of ethnobotanical knowledge; the use of intellectual property laws and other tools to protect traditional knowledge. The contributors' motivation is sometimes to maintain the art and culture of poor people, but they recognize that except in a museum setting, no traditional skill can live on unless it has a viable market. Culture and commerce more often complement than conflict in the cases reviewed here. The book calls attention to the unwritten half of the World Trade Organization's Agreement on the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS). TRIPS is about knowledge that industrial countries own, and which poor people buy. This book is about knowledge that poor people in poor countries generate and have to sell. It will be of interest to students and scholars of international trade and law, and to anyone with an interest in ways developing countries can find markets for cultural, intellectual, and traditional knowledge.
Author : Jeroen van Wijk
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0788170716
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Agriculture in Developing Countries written by Jeroen van Wijk and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of a seminar on the impact of plant breeders' rights in developing countries. Includes: the results of a study on plant breeders' rights in five Latin American countries; update of a 1983 study on plant breeders' rights in the U.S.; testing distinctness, uniformity & stability for plant variety protection; farmers' privilege, breeders' exemption & the essentially derived varieties concept; licensing of protected plant varieties -- international practice; possible effects of recent developments in plant-related intellectual property protection in Europe & the U.S.; & intellectual property rights & agriculture -- strategies & policies for developing countries.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309048338
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technological developments multiply around the globeâ€"even as the patenting of human genes comes under serious discussionâ€"nations, companies, and researchers find themselves in conflict over intellectual property rights (IPRs). Now, an international group of experts presents the first multidisciplinary look at IPRs in an age of explosive growth in science and technology. This thought-provoking volume offers an update on current international IPR negotiations and includes case studies on software, computer chips, optoelectronics, and biotechnologyâ€"areas characterized by high development cost and easy reproducibility. The volume covers these and other issues: Modern economic theory as a basis for approaching international IPRs. U.S. intellectual property practices versus those in Japan, India, the European Community, and the developing and newly industrializing countries. Trends in science and technology and how they affect IPRs. Pros and cons of a uniform international IPRs regime versus a system reflecting national differences.
Author : Keith E. Maskus
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821383485
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Development written by Keith E. Maskus and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International policies toward protecting intellectual property rights have seen profound changes over the past two decades. Rules on how to protect patents, copyright, trademarks and other forms of intellectual property have become a standard component of international trade agreements. Most significantly, during the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations (1986-94), members of what is today the World Trade Organization (WTO) concluded the Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which sets out minimum standards of protection that most of the world's economies have to respect. How will developing countries fare in this new international environment? Intellectual Property and Development brings together empirical research that assesses the effects of changing intellectual property regimes on various measures of economic and social performance - ranging from international trade, foreign investment and competition, to innovation and access to new technologies. The studies presented point to an important development dimension to the protection of intellectual property. But a one-size fits all approach to intellectual property is unlikely to work. There is need to adjust intellectual property norms to domestic needs, taking into account developing countries' capacity to innovate, technological needs, and institutional capabilities. In addition, governments need to consider a range of complementary policies to maximize the benefits and reduce the costs of reformed intellectual property regulations. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international law, particularly in the area of intellectual property rights, international trade, and public policy.
Author : Sandro Sideri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book The Harmonisation of the Protection of Intellectual Property written by Sandro Sideri and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jayashree Watal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in the WTO and Developing Countries written by Jayashree Watal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-02-23 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is common knowledge that the compliance of developing countries with the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) has become a serious stumbling block in the WTO agenda, the underlying reasons why this is so have not been dispassionately analyzed until the appearance of this book. Here, for the first time, is a thorough and secure foundation on which international trade lawyers and business people can build a global intellectual property regime that is both productive and fair. The implementation of the TRIPS regime with its enormous effect on national and global strategies for healthcare, agriculture, and the environment, among other crucial sectors of the world economy is clearly among the most critical projects currently under way in the field of international relations. As a former TRIPS negotiator for India, Jayashree Watal brings great authority to her account of the benefits and pitfalls of TRIPS compliance for developing countries. She provides a detailed understanding of how TRIPS was negotiated at the Uruguay Round, how various countries have implemented it so far, and how the WTO monitors compliance. She reveals how the WTO dispute settlement process has worked to date in matters involving TRIPS, and how it is likely to deal with new issues that arise. Most importantly, she explains how developing countries can interpret TRIPS to their best advantage, and how to ensure that the `constructive ambiguity' that characterizes the agreement remains flexible.
Author : Frederick M. Abbott
Publisher : Aspen Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1543857892
Total Pages : 980 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (438 download)
Download or read book International Intellectual Property in an Integrated World Economy written by Frederick M. Abbott and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2024 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Law school casebook on intellectual property in a global context"--
Author : Tshimanga Kongolo
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041126414
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Unsettled International Intellectual Property Issues written by Tshimanga Kongolo and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interface between intellectual property and other fields, such as public health and biotechnology, has raised expectations from both developed and developing countries. At the same time, a variety of issues have arisen from these relationships. Debates over public health, protection of traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions or expressions of folklore, and the control of biological resources and access to genetic resources pose major challenges to the current global system of intellectual property. This thoughtful book serves not only to contribute to these ongoing debates but also, through in-depth analysis and well-grounded recommendations, to move them closer to resolution in a manner beneficial to all interested parties. Among the matters discussed are the following: intellectual property and public health; intellectual property and traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions or expressions of folklore; intellectual property and plant varieties, biodiversity and access to genetic resources; use of marks and other signs on the Internet; and the international framework in respect to geographical indications. Drawing on prodigious familiarity with relevant conventions and international legal instruments in the field and debates on these issues as carried out under international bodies - including the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the African Model Legislation - the author offers clear, well-thought-out proposals on how to respond to these issues. In the same vein, the author makes a number of proposals on how to strike a balance between the exclusive rights of the patentee and the right to public health or access to medicines, especially in the context of the HIV/AIDS crisis. In addition, holding that the owners or possessors of traditional knowledge or traditional cultural expressions or expressions of folklore are entitled to intellectual property rights protection, he advocates the development of a global and binding international 'protection instrument' that takes particular features of these rights into consideration. He proposes the extension of the scope of applicability of the requirement of the disclosure of the country of origin of genetic resources, both at the international and national levels. He also proposes refinements to the system for multilateral notification and registration of geographical indications in respect to wine and spirits and the extension of the higher protection of geographical indications to other products and suggests new ways to approach unsettled issues arising from the use of marks or other signs on the Internet. As a deeply informed analysis of how to integrate intellectual property rights into the international development process, this book takes some giant steps toward the general recognition of the real parameters of the most severe problems plaguing the developing world and offers reachable measures toward significant improvement of those problems. It will be of interest to all professionals, officials, and academics concerned with the equitable administration of intellectual property rights.
Author : Robert M Sherwood
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429714521
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property And Economic Development written by Robert M Sherwood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speaking very roughly, countries with advanced economies tend to be those displaying intellectual property protection systems in which the public has a basic degree of confidence. Those systems, when they are thought about at all rather than taken for granted, are thought of as reasonably effective in safeguarding innovation and creative expression
Author : Xiaopeng Cheng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (492 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation in Developing Countries, and Copyright Term Extension written by Xiaopeng Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (463 download)
Download or read book Atlas général des grandes explorations written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alexandra George
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351933078
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Globalization and Intellectual Property written by Alexandra George and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intellectual property laws have become intricately entwined with discussions about globalization. This volume deals with the politics, economics and effects of global intellectual propertization. It provides essays covering key issues including the international relations of global intellectual propertization, the TRIPS Agreement and the tying of intellectual property issues to international trade negotiations, contentions that global intellectual propertization is a form of post-colonial neo-imperialism, globalization's effects on intellectual property law's classic doctrines and rationales and the cultural effects of global intellectual propertization.
Author : Hiroyuki Odagiri
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191573450
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights, Development, and Catch Up written by Hiroyuki Odagiri and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-04-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most countries, economic development involves a process of 'catching up' with leading countries at the time. This is never achieved solely by physical assets and labour alone: also needed are the accumulation of technological capabilities, educational attainment, entrepreneurship, and the development of the necessary institutional infrastructure. One element of this infrastructure is the regime of intellectual property rights (IPR), particularly patents. Patents may promote innovation and catch up, and they may foster formal technology transfer. Yet they may also prove to be barriers for developing countries that intend to acquire technologies through imitation and reverse engineering. The current move to harmonize the IPR system internationally, such as the TRIPS agreement, may thus have unexpected consequences for developing countries. This book explores these issues through an in depth study of eleven countries ranging from early developers (the USA, Nordic Countries and Japan), and Post World War 2 countries (Korea, Taiwan, Israel) to more recent emerging economies (Argentina, Brazil, China, India and Thailand). With contributions from international experts on innovation systems, this book will be an invaluable resource for academics and policymakers in the fields of economic development, innovation studies and intellectual property laws.
Author : Frederick M. Abbott
Publisher : Aspen Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1543857906
Total Pages : 1290 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (438 download)
Download or read book International Intellectual Property in an Integrated World Economy written by Frederick M. Abbott and published by Aspen Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-03 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Intellectual Property in an Integrated World Economy, Fifth Edition provides a comprehensive analysis of the international intellectual property system across the spectrum of intellectual property (IP) rights and interests. It introduces the institutional architecture at the multilateral, regional/plurilateral, bilateral, and national levels. For each form of IP, it addresses the legal rules and illustrative jurisprudence with a focus on major jurisdictions, as well as economic and social welfare implications. It also considers the continuously growing importance of IP in a constantly changing technological environment, currently reflected in the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its deployment in creative and inventive activities. Each of the authors has played a role in the development and implementation of the international rules, and they bring their experience to bear in introducing students to the field. New to the Fifth Edition: New co-authors: Ryan B. Abbott, Mira Burri, Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan, and Maegan McCann, who bring additional expertise to the book The latest developments in bilateral and regional agreements regulating intellectual property, including implementation of the EU Unitary Patent and Unified Patent Court system and the EU intermediaries’ liability regime for copyright infringement Important new judicial decisions, including the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Google v. Oracle and Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith, as well as decisions from EU and U.S. courts addressing identifiers for food products (Emmental and Gruyere cheeses) Developments in AI in the context of content-creation, inventions, IP-registration and enforcement, as well as support or substitute for human decision-making The expanding discourse on trade secret protection and its importance for international technology transfer The phenomenon of the anti-suit injunction in international patent litigation Benefits for instructors and students: An approach to the international IP system that situates the rules within the broader context of international law and the public policy objectives that governments, industry, and interest groups are seeking to achieve Case law from international dispute settlement bodies, as well as from national and regional courts and administrative authorities Discussion of patent, trademark, copyright, design, trade secret, and geographical indication protection, as well as plant variety protection, the protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, and the role of open source and open innovation systems An explanation of the European Union Unitary Patent system Exploration of the increasingly important role of emerging market IP systems Materials to help students understand the disputes between the United States and China involving IP, investment, and transfer of technology Identification of important trends in the enforcement of IP
