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The Effects Of Coatings And Sealers Used To Mitigate Alkali Silica Reaction And Or Delayed Ettringite Formation In Hardened Concrete
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Book Synopsis The Effects of Coatings and Sealers Used to Mitigate Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation in Hardened Concrete by : Evan Richard Wehrle
Download or read book The Effects of Coatings and Sealers Used to Mitigate Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation in Hardened Concrete written by Evan Richard Wehrle and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2006, research funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has evaluated the use of coatings and sealers for mitigating expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and/or delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in hardened concrete. The report herein includes a project summary of previous work in Phase I, led by Racheal Lute (2008) and Charles Rust (2009). The Phase II research, described in this thesis, established concrete exposure blocks and NCHRP 244 Series II testing as the cornerstones of characterizing coating effectiveness. The studies assessed coating system performance by examining the contribution of steel reinforcement, the effects of aggregate reactivity, the size limitations of treatments, and the impact of painted concrete substrates. Lastly, this thesis describes the preliminary results of a field study site of columns supporting a flyover, and a concrete exposure block site in Houston, Texas. Overall, the results are encouraging as several coatings have reduced expansion by lowering internal relative humidity.
Book Synopsis Concrete Solutions 2011 by : Michael Grantham
Download or read book Concrete Solutions 2011 written by Michael Grantham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concrete Solutions series of International Conferences on Concrete Repair began in 2003, with a conference held in St. Malo, France in association with INSA Rennes, followed by the second conference in 2006 ( with INSA again, at St. Malo, France), and the third conference in 2009 (in Padova and Venice, in association with the University of Padova). Now in 2011, the event is being held in Dresden in Germany and has brought together some 112 papers from 33 countries. Whereas electrochemical repair tended to dominate the papers in earlier years, new developments in structural strengthening with composites have been an increasingly important topic, with a quarter of the papers now focusing on this area. New techniques involving Near Surface Mounted (NSM) carbon fibre rods, strain hardening composites, and new techniques involving the well established carbon fibre and polyimide wrapping and strengthening systems are presented. Seventeen papers concentrate on case studies which are all-important in such conferences, to learn about what works (and what doesn’t work) on real structures. Thirteen papers are devoted to new developments in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Other topics include service life modelling, fire damage, surface protection methods and coatings, patch repair, general repair techniques and whole life costing. This book is essential reading for anyone engaged in the concrete repair field, from engineers, to academics and students and also to clients, who, as the end user, are ultimately responsible for funding these projects and making those difficult decisions about which system or method to use.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Coatings and Sealers for Mitigation of Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Racheal Dawn Lute
Download or read book Evaluation of Coatings and Sealers for Mitigation of Alkali-silica Reaction And/or Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Racheal Dawn Lute and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Relative Humidity in Concrete Expansion Due to Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Charles Karissa Rust
Download or read book Role of Relative Humidity in Concrete Expansion Due to Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Charles Karissa Rust and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Premature concrete deterioration due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF) is a significant problem all over the world. In cases where these mechanisms were not initially prevented, mitigation is critical to halt expansion and cracking. The main objectives of the research presented herein were to study the effect of ambient relative humidity (RH) on rates of concrete expansion, to determine RH thresholds below which expansion due to ASR and/or DEF may be suppressed, and to evaluate coatings intended to lower the internal RH of concrete and thus minimize future potential for damage. Results from testing showed that the RH threshold for ASR was below 82%, the RH threshold for DEF was below 92%, and the RH threshold for combined ASR and DEF could be about 83% for the materials tested. Furthermore, it was shown that some coatings are effective in reducing ASR- and DEF-related expansion by lowering the internal RH of concrete.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete by : Robert L. Day
Download or read book The Effect of Secondary Ettringite Formation on the Durability of Concrete written by Robert L. Day and published by Portland Cement Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report comprises a review and analysis of the available literature pertaining to the causes, effects and prevention of secondary (delayed) ettringite in concrete . Over 300 publications have been examined . Case studies of damage in concrete possibly caused by secondary ettringite formation are examined first. Fundamental research on secondary ettringite formation, its chemistry, and deposition mechanisms is then reviewed. Key investigations on the topic are analyzed in detail. Next, the potential importance of (a) method of heat-curing and (b) the chemistry of cement is outlined. In the final chapter, a rapid test for evaluation of potential secondary ettringite susceptibility (the "Duggan" test) is evaluated. The analysis indicates that there appears to be a potential for a secondary ettringite formation problem in North America; it is highly probable that secondary ettringite formation can lead to significant deterioration of heat-treated concrete. However, it is unlikely that secondary ettringite formation is, or will be, the sole mechanism responsible for premature deterioration. The critical factors that determine extent of damage due to secondary ettringite formation are (a) duration of delay period before heating the concrete; (b) severity of the heating and/or cooling regime ; and (c) the SO3/A1203 ratio of the cement. There is no evidence that nonheat-treated concrete is susceptible to this phenomenon. Further research and improvements to the Duggan test may result in the development of a useful standard test method to assess the long-term dimensional stability and durability of concrete.
Book Synopsis Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete by : Stacy Bauer
Download or read book Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation in Concrete written by Stacy Bauer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently in Texas, there has been significant damage of field structures resulting from concrete durability problems. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF), or combinations of the two, have been found to be the main causes of these problems. The term Premature Concrete Deterioration (PCD) has been adopted to refer to problems associated with ASR and DEF because it is often difficult to distinguish between them. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) has designated nine mitigation options that are available to prevent or minimize PCD-related problems. Research is currently underway to document the performance of concrete using these mitigation options in the laboratory and in the field. One of the objectives of this research is to review the state of the art regarding ASR and DEF, with particular attention to mechanisms of damage, appropriate test methods, specifications, and performance-related issues.
Download or read book ACI Structural Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ettringite written by Bernard Erlin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Paolo Gardoni
Download or read book Evaluation of Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Paolo Gardoni and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PRO 35: International RILEM Workshop on International Sulfate Attack and Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Karen Scrivener
Download or read book PRO 35: International RILEM Workshop on International Sulfate Attack and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Karen Scrivener and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation by :
Download or read book The Effect of Lightweight Fine Aggregate on Alkali-silica Reaction and Delayed Ettringite Formation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects from Alkali-silica Reacton and Delayed Ettringite Formation on Reinforced Concrete Column Lap Splices by : Mary Eck
Download or read book Effects from Alkali-silica Reacton and Delayed Ettringite Formation on Reinforced Concrete Column Lap Splices written by Mary Eck and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete bridge columns can deteriorate prematurely due to the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and/or delayed ettringite formation (DEF), causing internal expansion and cracking on the surface of the concrete. The performance of the longitudinal reinforcement lap splice in deteriorated concrete columns is the focus in this research. This thesis presents the results from the deterioration of large-scale specimens constructed and placed in an environment susceptible to ASR/DEF deterioration, the experimental results from four-point and three-point structural load tests, and an analytical model based on bending theory characterizing the specimen behavior during the structural load tests. Fourteen large-scale specimens were constructed, placed in an environment to accelerate the ASR/DEF deterioration mechanisms, and instrumented both internally and externally to measure the internal concrete expansions, and surface expansions and crack widths. In addition, two control specimens were constructed and kept in a laboratory, preventing ASR/DEF deterioration. Post-tensioning was used to simulate axial load on a bridge column. Structural load tests were performed on eight specimens with no ASR/DEF damage to late stage ASR and minimal DEF damage. Comparing the specimen behaviors during the loading testing, it was found that the yield strength increased about 5-15%, and post-cracking stiffness up to first yielding of the deteriorated specimens was about 25-35% stiffer than the control specimens. The increased specimen strength and stiffness likely occurred from volumetric expansion due to ASR/DEF damage which engaged the reinforcement, further confining the concrete and causing a beneficial increase in the axial post-tensioning load. The analytical model matched the control specimens well and matched the non-control specimens when the axial load was increased.
Book Synopsis Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) by : Eric R. Giannini
Download or read book Non-destructive Evaluation of In-service Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) Or Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF) written by Eric R. Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Role of Heat Curing in Concrete Durability [microform] : Effects of Lithium Salts and Chloride Ingress on Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Stephen Okurut Ekolu
Download or read book Role of Heat Curing in Concrete Durability [microform] : Effects of Lithium Salts and Chloride Ingress on Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Stephen Okurut Ekolu and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase One investigation was conducted to determine the effect of high-temperature curing on the physical properties of concrete. Portland cement pastes of 0.35 and 0.45 water-cement ratios, and ternary cement (5% silica fume, 25% slag) concretes of 0.35 water-cementitious ratio were cured at 23, 65, 80, and 95°C. The properties examined were the compressive strength, chloride permeability, bulk diffusion, salt scaling, rebar corrosion, pore structure, and microstructure. Results showed that there were drastic changes in concrete properties as the curing temperatures increased above 65°C. This has been termed the 'critical temperature effect'. Salt scaling of concretes was highly sensitive to elevated curing temperatures but the w/c was found to be more influential. Most adverse effects of heat curing were significantly mitigated by using ternary cement concrete except in the case of compressive strength.--Phase Two investigation examined the influence of other deterioration processes on the potential for DEF. The effects of lithium admixtures, alkali-silica reaction and freeze-thaw microcracks, and chloride ingress were investigated using concretes of 0.45 w/c and mortars of o.47 w/c heat cured at 95°C. Studies included X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. It was found that the use of lithium admixture in cementitious systems controls DEF. Also, externally applied chlorides have a pessimum effect on expansion due to DEF. This deviates from the commonly held view that chlorides mitigate sulphate attack in concretes. A mechanism describing the pessimum effect of chlorides on DEF expansion has been proposed.
Book Synopsis Role of Heat Curing in Concrete Durability by : Stephen Okurut Ekolu
Download or read book Role of Heat Curing in Concrete Durability written by Stephen Okurut Ekolu and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase One investigation was conducted to determine the effect of high-temperature curing on the physical properties of concrete. Portland cement pastes of 0.35 and 0.45 water-cement ratios, and ternary cement (5% silica fume, 25% slag) concretes of 0.35 water-cementitious ratio were cured at 23, 65, 80, and 95°C. The properties examined were the compressive strength, chloride permeability, bulk diffusion, salt scaling, rebar corrosion, pore structure, and microstructure. Results showed that there were drastic changes in concrete properties as the curing temperatures increased above 65°C. This has been termed the 'critical temperature effect'. Salt scaling of concretes was highly sensitive to elevated curing temperatures but the w/c was found to be more influential. Most adverse effects of heat curing were significantly mitigated by using ternary cement concrete except in the case of compressive strength.--Phase Two investigation examined the influence of other deterioration processes on the potential for DEF. The effects of lithium admixtures, alkali-silica reaction and freeze-thaw microcracks, and chloride ingress were investigated using concretes of 0.45 w/c and mortars of o.47 w/c heat cured at 95°C. Studies included X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. It was found that the use of lithium admixture in cementitious systems controls DEF. Also, externally applied chlorides have a pessimum effect on expansion due to DEF. This deviates from the commonly held view that chlorides mitigate sulphate attack in concretes. A mechanism describing the pessimum effect of chlorides on DEF expansion has been proposed.
Book Synopsis Field Studies of Mitigation Strategies for Alkali-silica Reaction in Hardened Concrete by : Eric Richard Giannini
Download or read book Field Studies of Mitigation Strategies for Alkali-silica Reaction in Hardened Concrete written by Eric Richard Giannini and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laboratory Testing and Investigations of Delayed Ettringite Formation by : Thanos Drimalas
Download or read book Laboratory Testing and Investigations of Delayed Ettringite Formation written by Thanos Drimalas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed ettringite formation (DEF) in concrete structures has recently damaged structures in the state of Texas, which has caused the state to investigate this new type of premature concrete deterioration. The research described in this thesis is part of a comprehensive research project, TxDOT Project 4085. The work described in this thesis focuses primarily on DEF, but also investigates the interplay between DEF and alkali-silica reaction. Significant accelerated laboratory testing was performed, and parallel exposure blocks were cast to evaluate realistic exposure conditions. The research included materials from throughout the state of Texas. The effects of material composition and dosage on DEF were investigated, and several mitigation measures were identified that can prevent DEF-induced expansion, even when concrete is heated above 70 °C. The key findings from this research have been implemented by TxDOT in new state specifications to prevent DEF in prestressed concrete elements.
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