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The Effect Of Suburban Proximity On Arthropods And Plants In Californian Coastal Sage Scrub
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Suburban Proximity on Arthropods and Plants in Californian Coastal Sage Scrub by : Shannon M. Kirshtner
Download or read book The Effect of Suburban Proximity on Arthropods and Plants in Californian Coastal Sage Scrub written by Shannon M. Kirshtner and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Terrestrial Arthropods to Evaluate Coastal Sage Scrub Restoration by : Wendy Dunbarr
Download or read book Use of Terrestrial Arthropods to Evaluate Coastal Sage Scrub Restoration written by Wendy Dunbarr and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-native invasive plants threaten native plants in ecosystems through competition for resources, alteration to ecosystem functions and disturbance regimes, and changes to food webs and mutualistic relationships. Decades of intense disturbance and fragmentation of coastal sage scrub in Southern California have led to type conversion from mixed native shrub cover to non-native annual grassland in many places. Restoration efforts have been carried out by various government and private land managers in an effort to preserve existing coastal sage scrub and create additional habitat. Ecological restoration typically focuses on vegetation for both restoration activities and assessments of project outcomes. Additional measures of ecosystem function should be considered when evaluating the progress of restoration projects. Terrestrial arthropods occupy a wide breadth of niches and provide valuable ecosystem services (seed dispersal, x decomposition, food sources for higher trophic levels). They are also sensitive to subtle, small-scale changes in the environment, which makes them more likely to be restored before larger animals. This study compared terrestrial arthropod assemblages along with vegetation characteristics among three types of sites (invaded, restored, native) to evaluate the success of two coastal sage scrub restoration projects within the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. Terrestrial arthropod assemblage compositions were successfully restored at both canyons. These results agreed with vegetation results at Cheeseboro Canyon, but contradicted vegetation results at Zuma Canyon. The results of this study indicate that restoration projects at both canyons were successful. The successful restoration of arthropod assemblage compositions despite spatial isolation and vegetative differences of the restored areas supported the Field of Dreams hypothesis that “if you build it, they will come”. The addition of terrestrial arthropod data to the standard practice of vegetation monitoring provided a more thorough evaluation of the status of these restoration projects, and should be used by land managers in the future.
Book Synopsis A Description of Arthropod Community Structure in Southern Californian Coastal Sage Scrub by : Kendall Herbert Osborne
Download or read book A Description of Arthropod Community Structure in Southern Californian Coastal Sage Scrub written by Kendall Herbert Osborne and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition, Drought and Nonnative Plant Invasion on Coastal Sage Scrub of the Santa Monica Mountains by : Justin Michael Valliere
Download or read book Ecological Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition, Drought and Nonnative Plant Invasion on Coastal Sage Scrub of the Santa Monica Mountains written by Justin Michael Valliere and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple drivers of global environmental change increasingly threaten native ecosystems, including atmospheric pollution and resulting changes in climate and nutrient cycling, and the globalization of species. These factors may also have complex and interactive ecological effects. Nitrogen (N) deposition, the input of reactive N from the atmosphere to the earth's surface, is increasing dramatically worldwide due to anthropogenic air pollution, with the potential to negatively impact terrestrial plant diversity. Elevated N deposition may also interact with other drivers of environmental change, for example by promoting the invasion of nonnative plant species, or increasing plant susceptibility to drought or other secondary stressors. Perhaps nowhere in the U.S. is this of more immediate environmental concern than in southern California, which is a global hotspot of biodiversity and one of the most air-polluted and populous parts of the country. High levels of N deposition have been implicated in the widespread conversion of coastal sage scrub (CSS) to annual grasslands dominated by nonnative grasses and forbs. The Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area of southern California protects a substantial area of remaining CSS, but due to the park's proximity to the City of Los Angeles, stands of CSS nearest urban areas may be subject to high levels of N deposition. The state of California is also in the midst of a record-breaking drought, beginning in 2011, and this may exacerbate the negative impacts of N deposition and nonnative plant species. The objective of this work is to explore the effects of N deposition, drought and nonnative plant invasion on CSS of the Santa Monica Mountains at multiple ecologically relevant scales. I explored relationships of atmospheric N pollution and N deposition with native plant richness and cover of nonnative species at the landscape level, finding N deposition reduces richness of native herbaceous species and is associated with higher nonnative cover. I also investigated the impact of multiple realistic levels of N addition on CSS in a field fertilization experiment on the low end of the N deposition gradient during a period that coincided with the California drought. Through this experiment, I demonstrated increased N availability may reduce water-use efficiency and drought tolerance of native shrubs, resulting in increased dieback, while concomitantly favoring nonnative annual species. Finally, I explored the role of the soil microbial community in mediating impacts of these factors on native and nonnative plant species, finding that N-impacted soil communities may provide less protection against drought in native shrub seedlings and increase growth of invasive plant species. Collectively, these results illustrate the significant ecological threat of increased N deposition on the severely threatened CSS of southern California, and potential interactions with other drivers of global change such as extreme drought, and nonnative plant invasion.
Book Synopsis Seasonal Priority Effects by : Claire Elizabeth Wainwright
Download or read book Seasonal Priority Effects written by Claire Elizabeth Wainwright and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exotic annual grasses are invading native plant communities in many areas including the western United States, and pose a significant challenge to habitat restoration. Observations in California grasslands suggest that exotic species may become active earlier in the growing season than native species, and that this distinct phenology may contribute to invasion success. We hypothesized that flexible germination cues may allow exotic annual grasses to start annual growth early each growing season and preempt resources prior to native seedling establishment, a kind of seasonal priority effect. Flexible germination cues could incur a cost, however, if they cause seeds to germinate before the onset of favorable growing conditions. To evaluate these predictions, we compared native and exotic species performance in a coastal sage scrub community under both early (off-season) and ambient (natural) rainfall timings. Exotic annual grasses germinated substantially with off-season watering, but none of the early seedlings survived until the onset of the natural rains. Exotic annual grasses that experienced off-season watering had a depleted seedbank and lower germination following the natural rains. In contrast, native species did not germinate following the off-season watering pulse, and instead emerged with the beginning of the cold natural rains. Our results suggest that phenology is an important factor influencing invasion success and invader impact. Under some conditions, pre-growing season watering could be an important restoration strategy for native plant communities in early stages of invasion by depleting the exotic seedbank and allowing for native species to establish with reduced competition.
Book Synopsis Effects of Fire Frequency and Proximity to Firebreak on the Distribution and Abundance of Non-native Herbs in Coastal Sage Scrub by : Jason H. Giessow
Download or read book Effects of Fire Frequency and Proximity to Firebreak on the Distribution and Abundance of Non-native Herbs in Coastal Sage Scrub written by Jason H. Giessow and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Sulfur Dioxide Pollution on Coastal Sage Scrub by : Kristian Patrick Preston
Download or read book Effects of Sulfur Dioxide Pollution on Coastal Sage Scrub written by Kristian Patrick Preston and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Invasive Species Impacts on Coastal Sage Scrub Recovery by : Emily Griffoul
Download or read book Invasive Species Impacts on Coastal Sage Scrub Recovery written by Emily Griffoul and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant resources are invested in the restoration of degraded Coastal Sage Scrub in Southern California to meet conservation goals. Thus, understanding the resilience of these systems is of great importance given their high value intersection with human settlements. The presence of invasive annual species has been suggested to add complexity to ecological restoration efforts by inhibiting the growth of native species, changing fire regimes, and altering water balance. To further understand these ideas, I utilized a long-term experiment testing the effectiveness of "passive" restoration, the removal of non-native species without expensive site preparation or resource-intensive active planting / seeding of native species, which means that the approach could be designed to have widespread positive effects at potentially minimal costs. I found that passive restoration was successful at meeting restoration goals of increasing native shrub cover. Two ecological mechanisms---the establishment of new individuals on the landscape versus the expansion of plant size of existing shrubs---were likely responsible for the variation in patterns of recovery for localities with different initial native shrub cover. These patterns give insight into how to affect change in communities through management intervention. Better formulating a conceptual model of the contemporary dynamics of Coastal Sage Scrub informs decisions on expending limited resources to different intensities of restoration across a complex landscape to maximally impact conservation.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Landscape Position and Herbivory on the Restoration of California Coastal Sage Scrub and Native Perennial Bunchgrass by :
Download or read book The Effects of Landscape Position and Herbivory on the Restoration of California Coastal Sage Scrub and Native Perennial Bunchgrass written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Ecological Restoration on a Coastal Sage Scrub Site in Central California Under Invasion by Carpobrotus Edulis by : Celeste Wilson
Download or read book The Effects of Ecological Restoration on a Coastal Sage Scrub Site in Central California Under Invasion by Carpobrotus Edulis written by Celeste Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of this study demostrated that, if Carpobrotus edulis is exterminated, indigenous species, specifically Baccharis pilularis, will replace it under certain environmental conditions.
Book Synopsis Shrub population dynamics in unburned California coastal sage scrub and adjacent grassland by :
Download or read book Shrub population dynamics in unburned California coastal sage scrub and adjacent grassland written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Native and Exotic Plants in Southern California Coastal Scrub by :
Download or read book Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Native and Exotic Plants in Southern California Coastal Scrub written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Invasive Erodium Species in Restoration of Coastal Sage Scrub Communities and Techniques for Control by : Kristin Anne Weathers
Download or read book The Role of Invasive Erodium Species in Restoration of Coastal Sage Scrub Communities and Techniques for Control written by Kristin Anne Weathers and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three studies were conducted to investigate effects of invasive Erodium species on re-establishment of native species in the California coastal sage scrub (CSS) plant community, and how both chemical and non-chemical techniques might be used to reduce Erodium and increase success of restoration efforts. First, the effects of a range of Erodium densities were tested on the establishment of native shrubs and forbs in two experimental sites, one a seeding experiment and the other a weeding experiment. Analyses were done to detect a threshold value where Erodium density decreased the establishment of the native species, and showed that Erodium species inhibited the establishment of native shrubs at about 66 Erodium plants/m2 . Erodium species often germinate at very high densities (thousands of plants/m 2 ), indicating land managers will often need to actively control Erodium species densities in order to restore CSS vegetation after disturbance. Second, varying treatments of the non-chemical agricultural technique of solarization were tested without irrigation, as supplementing water may not be possible in some wildland situations. Laying sheets of clear plastic over tilled soil during the hot summer months reduced invasive annuals the most of all the treatments, even without the addition of water. Third, chemical control experiments tested a variety of herbicides with different modes of action and at varying rates at two sites. Some herbicides labeled as grass-specific also have activity on Erodium species but do not damage most CSS native forbs and shrubs, and were tested in a variety of concentrations. Chemicals tested in this study did not provide season-long control of Erodium species at rates allowed by the label, but one above-label rate proved effective. Multiple applications of herbicides with this mode of action (e.g., fluazifop) within approved rates should be tested to determine efficacy on Erodium. The broadleaf-selective chemical triclopyr provided the best control but will have to be used with caution in the CSS community as it also has activity on native shrubs and forbs. The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate had good control at one site, but the second site had germination of a second cohort of Erodium after the first cohort was sprayed.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Fire Intensity, Aspect and Substrate on Post-fire Growth of California Coastal Sage Scrub by : W. E. Westman
Download or read book The Effects of Fire Intensity, Aspect and Substrate on Post-fire Growth of California Coastal Sage Scrub written by W. E. Westman and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shrub-herb Interactions in California's Coastal Sage Scrub by : Matt V. Talluto
Download or read book Shrub-herb Interactions in California's Coastal Sage Scrub written by Matt V. Talluto and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Disturbance and Invasion in Coastal Sage Scrub by : Genie M. Fleming
Download or read book Disturbance and Invasion in Coastal Sage Scrub written by Genie M. Fleming and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coastal Sage Scrub - the Plants, by : Joseph Gross
Download or read book Coastal Sage Scrub - the Plants, written by Joseph Gross and published by . This book was released on with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Description of coastal sage scrub ecosytem and efforts to conserve the habitat.
