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Author : Yorman J. Kaufman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book The Effect of smoke particles on clouds and climate forcing written by Yorman J. Kaufman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309588871
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309175917
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-04-17 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
Author : William R. Cotton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 113946180X
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Human Impacts on Weather and Climate written by William R. Cotton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-01 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2007 edition of Human Impacts on Weather and Climate examines the scientific and political debates surrounding anthropogenic impacts on the Earth's climate and presents the most recent theories, data and modeling studies. The book discusses the concepts behind deliberate human attempts to modify the weather through cloud seeding, as well as inadvertent modification of weather and climate on the regional scale. The natural variability of weather and climate greatly complicates our ability to determine a clear cause-and-effect relationship to human activity. The authors describe the basic theories and critique them in simple and accessible terms. This fully revised edition will be a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate courses in atmospheric and environmental science, and will also appeal to policy makers and general readers interested in how humans are affecting the global climate.
Author : Michael George Tosca
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267260611
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Fire and Smoke in the Earth System written by Michael George Tosca and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscape and wildland fires across the globe emit black and organic carbon smoke particles that have atmospheric lifetimes of days to weeks. Some regions, like Africa, experience strong seasonal burning, and other regions, like equatorial Asia, experience substantial interannual variability associated with changes in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. In equatorial Asia, anthropogenic fires in tropical forests and peatlands produce regionally expansive smoke clouds that have important effects on atmospheric radiation and air quality. I estimated the height of smoke on Borneo and Sumatra and characterized its sensitivity to El Nino and regional drought. My measurements and analyses suggested that direct injection of smoke into the free troposphere within fire plumes was not an important mechanism for vertical mixing of aerosols in equatorial Asia. I also characterized the sensitivity of smoke clouds to regional drought, and investigated how climate responded to the smoke forcing using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), version 3. Together, the satellite and modeling results imply a possible positive feedback loop in which anthropogenic burning in the region intensifies drought stress during El Nino. I expanded the scope of this project beyond equatorial Asia and characterized the global climate response to smoke aerosols using the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), embedded within the Community Earth System Model (CESM). A combination of smoke-induced tropospheric heating and reduced surface temperatures increased equatorial subsidence and weakened and expanded the Hadley cells. As a consequence, precipitation decreased over tropical forests in South America, Africa and equatorial Asia. These results are consistent with the observed correlation between global temperatures and the strength of the Hadley circulation and studies linking black carbon tropospheric heating and tropical expansion.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309095069
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Radiative Forcing of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-25 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earth's history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.
Author : S. G. Jennings
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816513628
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Aerosol Effects on Climate written by S. G. Jennings and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now a growing awareness that, in addition to the well publicized influence of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases on the warming of the earth's atmosphere, aerosol particles may also play an important role in forcing climate change. This volume brings together previously unavailable data and interpretative analyses, derived from studies in both the U.S. and U.S.S.R., which review, update, and assess aerosol-related climatic effects.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309183359
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Climate Change Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-28 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.
Author : Xun Zhu
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814483559
Total Pages : 637 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)
Download or read book Observation, Theory And Modeling Of Atmospheric Variability - Selected Papers Of Nanjing Institute Of Meteorology Alumni In Commemoration Of Professor Jijia Zhang written by Xun Zhu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-02-25 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains tutorial and review articles as well as specific research letters that cover a wide range of topics: (1) dynamics of atmospheric variability from both basic theory and data analysis, (2) physical and mathematical problems in climate modeling and numerical weather prediction, (3) theories of atmospheric radiative transfer and their applications in satellite remote sensing, and (4) mathematical and statistical methods. The book can be used by undergraduates or graduate students majoring in atmospheric sciences, as an introduction to various research areas; and by researchers and educators, as a general review or quick reference in their fields of interest.
Author : Kimberly Prather
Publisher : California Air Resources Board
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Determination of the spatial and temporal variability of size-resolved PM2.5 composition and mixing state in multiple regions in California written by Kimberly Prather and published by California Air Resources Board. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Final report for California Air Resources Board contract 04-336. For an abstract and link to full text, please see: http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/single-project.php?row_id=64974
Author : Michael Steven Diamond
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book On the Role of Natural Laboratories and Natural Experiments in Elucidating Cloud-aerosol-climate Interactions written by Michael Steven Diamond and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertainties in how airborne particles (aerosol) influence cloud reflectivity hinder our understanding of anthropogenic climate change. The study of aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) is complicated by the difficulty of disentangling aerosol effects from other phenomena like meteorological variability. Natural laboratories (large-scale perturbations of known origin) and natural experiments (more abrupt and localized perturbations), in which a phenomenon of interest may be clearly separated from other sources of variability, offer promising means to better understand causality in ACI.Ship tracks--curvilinear cloud features following individual ships--are the quintessential example of natural experiments in ACI. Prior studies have not detected large-scale cloud changes from shipping, despite climate model predictions indicating sizable effects. In Chapter 2, we attribute increased cloud reflectivity within a major shipping corridor in the southeast Atlantic to enhanced cloud droplet numbers by estimating what cloud properties would have been without shipping. Increased cloud brightness from microphysical changes is partially offset by decreases in the total amount of cloud water. Extrapolating our results globally, we calculate an effective radiative forcing due to ACI of approximately -1 W/m2. Smoke from southern Africa blankets the southeast Atlantic Ocean from June-October, producing a natural laboratory with competing aerosol radiative effects. In Chapter 3, we investigate smoke effects on the transition between overcast stratocumulus and scattered cumulus clouds in regional climate and large eddy simulation models and compare the results with observations from recent field campaigns. Interactions between smoke and the large-scale circulation alter above-cloud temperature and moisture in ways that strongly affect cloud evolution. The COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent shutdown in China during February 2020 resulted in a sharp economic contraction. In Chapter 4, we show that nitrogen dioxide pollution declined by an unprecedented amount from its expected unperturbed value, but regional-scale column aerosol loadings and cloud microphysical properties were not detectably affected. The disparate impact is tied to differential economic impacts of the shutdown, in which transportation underwent much more drastic declines than industry and power generation. Anomalously warm and humid meteorological conditions and complex chemical interactions further decreased nitrogen dioxide but enhanced secondary aerosol formation.
Author : Lynn M. Russell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Are There Any Counteracting Effects that Reduce the Global Warming Benefits Attributed to Black Carbon Controls? written by Lynn M. Russell and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309314852
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.
Author : Claudio Tomasi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527336451
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Author : Mian Chin
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437912613
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Properties and Climate Impacts written by Mian Chin and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Synthesis and Assessment Product (SAP) critically reviews current knowledge about global distributions and properties of atmospheric aerosols, as they relate to aerosol impacts on climate. It assesses possible next steps aimed at substantially reducing uncertainties in aerosol radiative forcing estimates. Current measurement techniques and modeling approaches are summarized, providing context. The objectives of this report are: (1) to promote a consensus about the knowledge base for climate change decision support; and (2) to provide a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of the climate-relevant impacts of anthropogenic aerosols. Illustrations.
Author : Yuan Wang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662471752
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
