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Author : David Levhari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (636 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Risk on the Investment in Human Capital written by David Levhari and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Simona Maria Raita
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9051705840
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (517 download)
Download or read book The risk of investment in human capital written by Simona Maria Raita and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816476
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book The Human Capital Index 2020 Update written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human capital—the knowledge, skills, and health that people accumulate over their lives—is a central driver of sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and successful societies. More human capital is associated with higher earnings for people, higher income for countries, and stronger cohesion in societies. Much of the hard-won human capital gains in many economies over the past decade is at risk of being eroded by the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. Urgent action is needed to protect these advances, particularly among the poor and vulnerable. Designing the needed interventions, targeting them to achieve the highest effectiveness, and navigating difficult trade-offs make investing in better measurement of human capital now more important than ever. The Human Capital Index (HCI)—launched in 2018 as part of the Human Capital Project—is an international metric that benchmarks the key components of human capital across economies. The HCI is a global effort to accelerate progress toward a world where all children can achieve their full potential. Measuring the human capital that children born today can expect to attain by their 18th birthdays, the HCI highlights how current health and education outcomes shape the productivity of the next generation of workers and underscores the importance of government and societal investments in human capital. The Human Capital Index 2020 Update: Human Capital in the Time of COVID-19 presents the first update of the HCI, using health and education data available as of March 2020. It documents new evidence on trends, examples of successes, and analytical work on the utilization of human capital. The new data—collected before the global onset of COVID-19—can act as a baseline to track its effects on health and education outcomes. The report highlights how better measurement is essential for policy makers to design effective interventions and target support. In the immediate term, investments in better measurement and data use will guide pandemic containment strategies and support for those who are most affected. In the medium term, better curation and use of administrative, survey, and identification data can guide policy choices in an environment of limited fiscal space and competing priorities. In the longer term, the hope is that economies will be able to do more than simply recover lost ground. Ambitious, evidence-driven policy measures in health, education, and social protection can pave the way for today’s children to surpass the human capital achievements and quality of life of the generations that preceded them.
Author : Gary S. Becker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).
Author : Lester C. Thurow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Investment in Human Capital written by Lester C. Thurow and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zuliu Hu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451947429
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Risk-Taking and Optimal Taxation with Nontradable Human Capital written by Zuliu Hu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-12-01 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the effects of taxation on individual/entrepreneurs’ risk-taking behavior? This paper re-examines this old question in a continuous time life-cycle model. We demonstrate that the stream of uncertain income from human capital has systematic effects on demand for the risky physical capital asset. If labor supply is inelastic and real wages are known with certainty, then a labor income tax will reduce holdings of the risky physical asset. However, if there are random fluctuations in labor income, then the effect depends on the nature of interaction between wage risk and investment income risk. A labor income tax may actually raise demand for the risky capital asset if human capital risk and physical capital risk are positively correlated. The idiosyncratic risk and nontradability of human capital also have implications for optimal taxation. When the insurance and disincentive effects are jointly taken into account, a Pareto efficient tax structure implies a strictly positive tax rate.
Author : Rita Almeida
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Return to Firm Investment in Human Capital written by Rita Almeida and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper the authors estimate the rate of return to firm investments in human capital in the form of formal job training. They use a panel of large firms with unusually detailed information on the duration of training, the direct costs of training, and several firm characteristics such as their output, workforce characteristics, and capital stock. Their estimates of the return to training vary substantially across firms. On average it is -7 percent for firms not providing training and 24 percent for those providing training. Formal job training is a good investment for many firms and the economy, possibly yielding higher returns than either investments in physical capital or investments in schooling. In spite of this, observed amounts of formal training are small.
Author : Wayne Cascio
Publisher : FT Press
ISBN 13 : 0132117428
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Investing in People written by Wayne Cascio and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than ever before, HR practitioners must empirically demonstrate a clear link between their practices and firm performance. In, Investing in People: Financial Impact of Human Resource Initiatives, Wayne F. Cascio and John W. Boudreau show exactly how to choose, implement, and use metrics to improve decision-making, optimize organizational effectiveness, and maximize the value of HR investments. They provide powerful techniques for looking inside the HR "black box," implementing human capital metrics that track the effectiveness of talent policies and practices, demonstrating the logical connections to financial and line-of-business, and using HR metrics to drive more effective decision-making. Using their powerful "LAMP" methodology (Logic, Analytics, Measures, and Process), the authors demonstrate how to measure and analyze the value of every area of HR that impacts strategic value. Among the areas covered in depth are: · Hiring · Training · Leadership Development · Health and Wellness · Absenteeism · Retention · Employee Engagement Readers will master crucial foundational principles such as risk, return, and economies of scale and use them to evaluate investments objectively in everything from work/life programs to training. Also included are powerful ways to integrate HR with enterprise strategy and budgeting and for gaining commitment from business leaders outside HR.
Author : Gina Roberts
Publisher : diplom.de
ISBN 13 : 3832483659
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (324 download)
Download or read book A Literature Review on the Impact of Investment in Human Capital on Economic Success written by Gina Roberts and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-10-26 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Champions of Human Capital in organisations, such as Human Resources directors, are in need of empirical evidence to justify to board members, CEOs and ultimately shareholders why financial investments into Human Capital should be increased or at least maintained. The research questions posed in this thesis take on the challenge to find empirical evidence that investment in Human Capital, through Human Resources, has a positive impact on intermediate as well as accounting and share-value indicators of organisational performance. This literature review summarises, integrates and evaluates research published between 1998 and 2003 pertaining to the direct and indirect relationship between Human Resources on different indicators of intermediate and bottom-line performance. The review is comprised of 31 articles clustered into the following topics: strategic HRM, Human Resources Development, technology, diverse workforces and flexible working conditions and methodological issues in HR-organisational performance research. Evidence for the direct and indirect impact of HR on organisational performance is discussed and the findings are interpreted with reference to Ostroff and Bowen s Multi-Level Model (2000), which explains the individual, organisational and inter-level relationships between Human Resources and organisational performance. Enabling conditions that strengthen the HR-organisational performance relationship are identified. Methodological issues such as levels of analyses, short-term vs. long-term perspectives and generalisability are evaluated in detail. Employee benefits from enhanced organisational performance and barriers to the diffusion of high-performance work practices are research questions that still remain unanswered (Ichniowski et al., 2000). Future research should focus on building up a portfolio of studies at different levels of analyses and include a broader range of organisational performance variables that are also relevant employees as well as shareholders and top management. The implications of the research findings for HR directors and corporate strategy functions are presented. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.Introduction4 2.Theoretical Background7 2.1How is Human Capital Conceptualised in the Management Literature?7 2.2The Human Capital Project8 2.3The Story so Far: Theoretical Perspectives on Human Resources Management9 2.3.1Current State of Research on HR Practices and Firm [...]
Author : Wayne F. Cascio
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0132703920
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (327 download)
Download or read book Investing in People written by Wayne F. Cascio and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-07-08 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Logical, Proven Framework for Understanding the Economic Value of Human Resources Investments How to choose Human Resources investments that deliver optimal strategic value—and eliminate those that don’t Best-practice metrics and analysis techniques for talent management, performance management, health and wellness programs, and much more Investing in People introduces a breakthrough approach to Human Resources (HR) measurement that systematically aligns HR investments with organizational goals and helps make HR the true strategic partner it needs to be. Wayne F. Cascio and John W. Boudreau show exactly how to choose, implement, and use metrics to improve decision-making, optimize organizational effectiveness, and maximize the value of HR investments. You’ll master crucial foundational principles such as risk, return, and economies of scale—and use them to evaluate investments objectively in everything from work/life programs to training. Cascio and Boudreau also introduce powerful ways to integrate HR with enterprise strategy and budgeting and for gaining commitment from business leaders outside the HR function. If you truly want “a seat at the table”—or if you want to keep the one you have—you’ll find this book utterly indispensable. Free software available online You don’t need to be a math wizard to get results from Investing in People! Visit www.shrm.org/publications/books to access software that automates virtually all of this book’s key formulas and calculations. Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii About the Authors xiv Preface xv Plan for the Book xvii Chapter 1: Making HR Measurement Strategic 1 Chapter 2: Analytical Foundations of HR Measurement 21 Chapter 3: The Hidden Costs of Absenteeism 43 Chapter 4: The High Cost of Employee Separations 67 Chapter 5: Employee Health, Wellness, and Welfare 99 Chapter 6: Employee Attitudes and Engagement 125 Chapter 7: Financial Effects of Work-Life Programs 151 Chapter 8: Staffing Utility: The Concept and Its Measurement 171 Chapter 9: The Economic Value of Job Performance 195 Chapter 10: The Payoff from Enhanced Selection 223 Chapter 11: Costs and Benefits of HR Development Programs 245 Chapter 12: Talent-Investment Analysis: Catalyst for Change 271 Appendix A: The Taylor-Russell Tables 285 Appendix B: The Naylor-Shine Table for Determining the Increase in Mean Criterion Score Obtained by Using a Selection Device 297 Index 309
Author : Christopher B. Barrett
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022657430X
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Poverty Traps written by Christopher B. Barrett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.
Author : Martin Barbie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Fostering Within-family Human Capital Investment written by Martin Barbie and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Xiaolan Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)
Download or read book Human Capital Investment, Cash Flow Risk and Capital Structure Dynamics written by Xiaolan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation explores the financial effects of firms' growing reliance on intangible capital in their production technology. I examine the fundamental link between the cash flow risk, financial decision-making and the accumulation of firm-level intangible capital both in theory and in empirics. In Chapter one, I document that public firms in the United States that provide better insurance against productivity shocks to their workers experience higher cash flow volatility. Difference in intra-firm risk sharing between workers and capital owners accounts for more than 50\% of the variation in firm-level cash flow volatility. I develop a theory in which wages can act either as a hedge or as leverage, depending on the history of the productivity shocks the firm has faced. Heterogeneous roles of workers in the firm are derived by analyzing the dynamic equilibrium wage contracts between risk-neutral owners and risk-averse workers who can leave with a fraction of the accumulated human capital. Owners of the firm will optimally bear more risk when the current value of the firm's human capital is lower than the peak value it has reached. The model successfully explains the joint distribution of cash flow volatility and the wage-output sensitivity. Also, the model produces predictions for the dynamics of cash flow volatility that are consistent with the time series properties of the firm-level data. In Chapter two, we provide the theoretical and empirical analysis on firms' dynamic capital structure decision with the presence of intangible capital accumulation. In the US publicly traded firm sample, the intangible capital investment is financed mainly through employee-initiated equity issuance. We propose a theory in which firms issue self-enforcing debt contracts to external investors and also offer long-term wage contracts to the employees with limited commitment. We show that the long-term wage contract optimally serves as financing instrument for the shareholders. Firms dynamically trade off between financial debt and employee financing until their intertemporal marginal rates of substitution are equal. The accumulation of intangible capital in the production imposes two effects on the financial structure: precautionary effect and intangible capital overhang effect. The structural estimation indicates the dominating effect of intangible capital overhang. Identifying the different financing channel provides a new solution to the contrasting secular trend in corporate net debt ratio and the firms' increasing importance on intangible capital in the production.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309261961
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Aging and the Macroeconomy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Author : T. Paul Schultz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226740881
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Investment in Women's Human Capital written by T. Paul Schultz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-06-15 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are human capital investments allocated between women and men? What are the returns to investments in women's nutrition, health care, education, mobility, and training? In thirteen wide-ranging and innovative empirical analyses, Investment in Women's Human Capital explores the nature of human capital distributions to women and their effect on outcomes within the family. Section I considers the experiences of high-income countries, examining the limitations of industrialization for the advancement of women; returns to secondary education for women; and state control of women's education and labor market productivity through the design of tax systems and the public subsidy of children. The remaining four sections investigate health, education, household structure and labor markets, and measurement issues in low-income countries, including the effect of technological change on transfers of wealth to and from children in India; women's and men's responses to the costs of medical care in Kenya; the effects of birth order and sex on educational attainment in Taiwan; wage returns to schooling in Indonesia and in Cote d'Ivoire; and the increasing prevalence of female-headed households and the correlates of gender differences in wages in Brazil.
Author : Theodore William Schultz
Publisher : New York : Free Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (39 download)
Download or read book Investment in Human Capital written by Theodore William Schultz and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1970 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Russ
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137355727
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)
Download or read book Management, Valuation, and Risk for Human Capital and Human Assets written by M. Russ and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perspectives on Human Capital and Assets goes beyond the current literature by providing a platform for a broad scope of discussion regarding HC&A, and, more importantly, by encouraging a multidisciplinary fusion between diverse disciplines.
