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The Effect Of Follicle Age On Fertility In Beef Cattle
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Follicle Age on Fertility in Beef Cattle by : Fernanda Martins de Abreu
Download or read book The Effect of Follicle Age on Fertility in Beef Cattle written by Fernanda Martins de Abreu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: To increase the adoption of artificial insemination (AI) in cattle, timed-AI (TAI) programs in which AI is performed without the necessity of estrous detection, were developed. With the ability to manipulate the estrous cycle and follicular development concurrent with the enhancement of these approaches, much has been learned about the factors during follicular development that affect fertility. In some approaches, it has been clearly demonstrated that the diameter of the ovulatory follicle has a major effect on fertility. Others have shown that fertility is influenced by the length of proestrus. More recent data suggests that age of the ovulatory follicle may also impact fertility; however this has not been investigated in beef cattle. In the first experiment, age of ovulatory follicle and its effect on conception rate were investigated in beef heifers in Montana (MT) and Ohio (OH). The animal model used created a difference in follicle age of approximately 3 d between treatments ("young" follicle, YF; and "mature" follicle, MF). Ultrasonography was performed to assess follicular characteristics and development, and for pregnancy status. AI was performed approximately 12 h after onset of estrus. Interval to estrus was greater and follicle diameter at AI was smaller in the YF than in the MF treatment, however no difference was detected in conception rates. In the second experiment, the effect of ovulatory follicle age on pregnancy rate was investigated in beef cows in MT. Follicle age differed by approximately 3 d at the time of AI between treatments (YF and MF). Ultrasonography was performed throughout the experiment for follicular characteristics and pregnancy diagnosis. Estrous detection was performed for 3 d and 4 d in the MF and YF, respectively, followed by AI approximately 12 h later. Cows not detected in estrus during this period, received an injection of GnRH and TAI either at 72 h (MF) or 96 h (YF) after prostaglandin (PGF) administration. Follicle diameter at AI did not differ between treatments; however interval to estrus was greater in the YF than in the MF. Pregnancy rates were similar between treatments. Across treatments, pregnancy rate was greater in cows that were AI after estrus, than cows that received TAI. In conclusion, manipulation of ovulatory follicle age in beef cattle resulted in a longer interval to estrus (heifers and cows), and smaller follicle diameter at AI (heifers) in animals treated in a manner to result in ovulation of younger follicles, but age of the follicle at AI did not influence pregnancy rate. This data suggest that age of the ovulatory follicle is not a major contributor to variation in fertility in beef cattle.
Book Synopsis Influence of the Size and Age of the Ovulatory Follicle on Fertility in Beef Cattle by : Martin Lane Mussard
Download or read book Influence of the Size and Age of the Ovulatory Follicle on Fertility in Beef Cattle written by Martin Lane Mussard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) is an underutilized technology in the beef industry. Four experiments were performed to improve understanding of the reproductive system of cattle and how this information can be incorporated into estrous control programs to advance the use of AI in the beef industry. In the first experiment, cows were permitted to either spontaneously exhibit estrus and ovulate from a dominant follicle, or were induced to ovulate from a dominant follicle when it had reached 10 mm in diameter; which is considered smaller than the diameter at which ovulation normally occurs (13-15 mm). This model allowed corpus luteum (CL) function and fertility to be measured in animals that ovulated from dominant follicles differing in diameter and that matured within two different endocrine environments. Conception rate to artificial insemination (AI) was greater in those animals that ovulated from a follicle following spontaneous estrus as compared with animals that ovulated from a smaller dominant follicle in response to treatment with exogenous GnRH. Results from this experiment were the basis for the second experiment designed to examine differences in luteal function and fertility between cows induced with exogenous GnRH to ovulate from either small or large dominant follicles. This approach eliminated the confounding effect that occurrence of spontaneous estrus may have exerted on fertility. Animals that ovulated from a large follicle in response to exogenous GnRH were more fertile than those animals induced to ovulate from a smaller follicle. The third experiment was designed to begin to elucidate mechanisms responsible for reduction in fertility in cows induced to ovulate from small follicles. Embryos from untreated donors were implanted into animals that were treated in a similar fashion as in the second experiment, but not inseminated preceding ovulation. This approach allowed separation of effects of the ovum, uterus and luteal function on fertility. Fertility was decreased in cows that had previously ovulated from a small follicle, as compared to those induced to ovulate from larger follicles when embryo transfer was used to impregnate the cows. The final experiment was performed to determine if decreased fertility observed in the previous experiments was due to size of the follicle from which ovulation occurred or duration of proestrus. In previous experiments the interval from luteal regression to induction of ovulation was confounded with diameter of the follicle from which ovulation was induced to occur. Hence, this experiment was essential to identify whether follicle diameter or duration of proestrus was having the greater impact on fertility. Fertility was dependent on length of proestrus when ovulation from follicles of similar diameter was induced. Taken together, results of the experiments described in this dissertation provide evidence that fertility is significantly influenced by duration of proestrus. Information garnered from these experiments can readily be incorporated into future estrous cycle regulation programs and superovulation regimens for embryo transfer.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Ageing by : Susan Bewley
Download or read book Reproductive Ageing written by Susan Bewley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the RCOG Study Group findings on reproductive ageing.
Book Synopsis Bovine Reproduction by : Richard M. Hopper
Download or read book Bovine Reproduction written by Richard M. Hopper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-18 with total page 2206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Book Synopsis Associations Between Morphometric Characteristics of the Reproductive Tract and Fertility in Beef Cattle by : Sarah E. Battista
Download or read book Associations Between Morphometric Characteristics of the Reproductive Tract and Fertility in Beef Cattle written by Sarah E. Battista and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present thesis focuses on the investigation of morphometric characteristics of the female reproductive tract and their association with reproductive performance in beef cattle. Development of the female reproductive tract is governed by a specific hormonal milieu during fetal life, and alterations to said milieu may lead to adverse effects on development and ultimately on reproductive capacity. The objectives of the present thesis were to: 1) determine cattle factors associated with morphometric characteristics of the reproductive tract such as anogenital distance (AGD), ovarian size, vaginal length and antral follicle count; and 2) assess associations between said morphometric characteristics of the reproductive tract and fertility in beef cattle. Suckled beef cows (n = 578) and yearling heifers (n = 178) were submitted to a 5-day CO-Synch protocol for fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) followed by a 60-day natural mating period. Anogenital distance (AGD), vaginal length, ovarian size, antral follicle count (AFC), body weight, rump fat thickness (RF), age, estrous expression and postpartum interval (cows only) were determined during the fixed time artificial synchronization treatment. Hip height was determined 28 days after AI and pregnancy diagnosis was performed using ultrasonography 35 and 98 days after AI. Binary data for both studies were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models while continuous variables were analyzed using linear mixed models. Model selection was performed using backwards elimination utilizing a threshold level of P
Book Synopsis Effect of Age on Reproduction in Beef Cattle by : Louis R. Burke
Download or read book Effect of Age on Reproduction in Beef Cattle written by Louis R. Burke and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reproduction in Cattle by : Peter J. H. Ball
Download or read book Reproduction in Cattle written by Peter J. H. Ball and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cattle play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but they also provide us with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction levels at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. This edition includes: Recent research findings on the physiology of the oestrous cycle and its control; New techniques for monitoring and manipulating reproduction, including pregnancy diagnosis and embryo transfer; Advice on identifying common infertility problems and how to prevent and treat them. Reproduction Cattle 3e is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction.
Book Synopsis Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program by : National Research Council
Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.
Book Synopsis Reproduction in Farm Animals by : E. S. E. Hafez
Download or read book Reproduction in Farm Animals written by E. S. E. Hafez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When you're looking for a comprehensive and reliable text on large animal reproduction, look no further! the seventh edition of this classic text is geared for the undergraduate student in Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. In response to reader feedback, Dr. Hafez has streamlined and edited the entire text to remove all repetitious and nonessential material. That means you'll learn more in fewer pages. Plus the seventh editing is filled with features that help you grasp the concepts of reproduction in farm animals so you'll perform better on exams and in practice: condensed and simplified tables, so they're easier to consult an easy-to-scan glossary at the end of the book an expanded appendix, which includes graphic illustrations of assisted reproduction technology Plus, you'll find valuable NEW COVERAGE on all these topics: Equine Reproduction: expanded information reflecting today's knowledge Llamas (NEW CHAPTER) Micromanipulation of Gametes and In Vitro Fertilization (NEW CHAPTER!) Reach for the text that's revised with the undergraduate in mind: the seventh edition of Hafez's Reproduction in Farm Animals.
Book Synopsis Calf and Heifer Rearing by : Philip C. Garnsworthy
Download or read book Calf and Heifer Rearing written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Nottingham Trent University. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume considers every aspect of calf rearing, from physiological principles to practical systems. Topics include physiology of growth and digestion, nutrient requirements, health and welfare, and lifetime performance. More than half the authors are from outside the UK and all are acknowledged as international experts in their field. This book is aimed at technical advisers, researchers, extension workers, veterinary practitioners, progressive farmers, academics and students.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals by : Rodney D. Geisert
Download or read book Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals written by Rodney D. Geisert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades technological advances in transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics along with the ability to selectively knockout genes of interest has greatly advanced our understanding of maternal-conceptus interactions that are essential for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. This knowledge provides a foundation from which to build research endeavors to help resolve infertility, embryonic loss and recurrent abortion in humans, captive wild animals and important farm species. The present volume on “Regulation of Implantation and Establishment of Pregnancy in Mammals” brings together current reviews from leading experts to address the diversity of mechanisms by which species establish and maintain pregnancy. Implantation in rodents, dogs, pigs, cattle, sheep, horses, primates, humans and embryonic diapause in wild species are discussed. Reviews will provide current knowledge on the role of endometrial steroid receptors, adhesion factors, cytokines, interferons, steroids, prostaglandins, growth factors and immune cells involved with regulation of conceptus development.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Calf Crop by : Michael J. Fields
Download or read book Factors Affecting Calf Crop written by Michael J. Fields and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factors Affecting Calf Crop summarizes the latest information available from leading cattle physiologists and geneticists regarding factors known to influence the production of live calves at weaning. You get practical information on management techniques for improving reproduction efficiency in the herd. You'll also learn about the functioning of the reproductive system and how this may affect reproductive processes in the cow herd. Managers will benefit from a clearer understanding of the factors known to limit efficient reproduction, while veterinarians and other professionals who advise cattlemen will appreciate the substantial reference material and color photographs for defining cow condition scores. Color photographs are also used to illustrate the discussions of testicular thermographies and their applications. Other chapters in the book cover developments in improving reproductive performance of the replacement heifer, the brood cow, and the bull. Topics on reproduction include physiology/endocrinology, the use of growth promotants, genetics and physiological and economic considerations in selecting the age to breed heifers, heritability of fertility, length of the breeding season, prepartum and postpartum nutrition, nursing by the calf, cloning of embryos, and much more.
Book Synopsis Evaluating and Reporting Bull Fertility by : Keith William Entwistle
Download or read book Evaluating and Reporting Bull Fertility written by Keith William Entwistle and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Heat Stress and Animal Productivity by : Anjali Aggarwal
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Book Synopsis Evolving Human Nutrition by : Stanley J. Ulijaszek
Download or read book Evolving Human Nutrition written by Stanley J. Ulijaszek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of changing human nutrition from evolutionary and social perspectives and its influence on health and disease, past and present.
Book Synopsis Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VII by : M. C. Lucy
Download or read book Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VII written by M. C. Lucy and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combined work of eminent scientists in the field, this compilation contains the latest information on ruminant nutrition from the eighth annual International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium. With discussions on how to improve reproduction by applying nutrition and physiology, this collection spotlights the recent advances regarding the ruminant genome and includes chapters about specific animals, including the dairy buffalo, camel, and reindeer.
Book Synopsis Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals, 2nd Edition by : Ian Gordon
Download or read book Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals, 2nd Edition written by Ian Gordon and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the successful structure of the first edition, the second edition of Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals has been totally updated and revised to provide an up to date account of the key techniques employed in manipulating reproduction in farm animals, including beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffaloes, camelids, horses and poultry. A classic introductory text to the subject, the book is based on a comprehensive review of the current literature. This text remains key reading for students in animal science, agriculture, veterinary medicine and biology, and veterinary practitioners and farmers who wish to keep updated on developments in techniques that may be useful in their daily practice.
