The Effect of Continous Theta Burst Stimulation of Human Brain Areas MT + and V1/V2 on Color and Motion Perception

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Continous Theta Burst Stimulation of Human Brain Areas MT + and V1/V2 on Color and Motion Perception by : Shaleeza Kaderali

Download or read book The Effect of Continous Theta Burst Stimulation of Human Brain Areas MT + and V1/V2 on Color and Motion Perception written by Shaleeza Kaderali and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although aspects of the visual image such as color, motion, form, and depth appear perceptually integrated, many are processed separately in different, specialized areas of the brain. This study investigates the differential effects of repetitive TMS (cTBS) in areas hMT+ and V1/V2 on global motion in order to reveal their roles in isoluminant chromatic compared to achromatic motion processing. Additionally, this study compares the differential effect of stimulation on motion direction versus simple detection thresholds to determine whether they have different physiological origins, since a dissociation between these two types of threshold has been established psychophysically. The report of moving or stationary phosphenes was used to localize brain areas hMT+ and V1/V2, respectively. The coil-position within each area that elicited the strongest phosphene responses was targeted for disruption by cTBS, a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol. The vertex was used as a control for non-specific cTBS effects. Stimuli consisted of either isoluminant chromatic or achromatic random dot kinematograms (RDKs). Participants performed a motion discrimination task in which the direction of Gaussian blobs (left or right) was identified, and a simple detection task, in which the presence of a low contrast stimulus was detected regardless of motion. Thresholds were measured before and four times after cTBS stimulation within one hour to investigate the effects of cTBS on performance over time, as this has not yet been established for vision. Performances on the motion discrimination task for both achromatic and isoluminant chromatic stimuli were significantly impaired following cTBS of area hMT+. In comparison, no effect of cTBS on performance was seen for areas V1/V2 and vertex. Maximal effects occurred at 10-11 minutes after stimulation. One hour after stimulation, performance returned to baseline levels. No differential effects of cTBS between the three brain areas were observed for the detection task. This study firstly validated the use of cTBS as a tool to impair the function of area hMT+. In doing so, it provides additional evidence that area hMT+ is involved in the analysis of both achromatically as well as chromatically defined global motion. In conclusion, area hMT+ is contributing to chromatic motion seen at isoluminance. The results indicate a causal link between neural activity in area hMT+ and the perception of chromatic motion." --

The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy by : Karlene Sara Stoby

Download or read book The Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation to the Occipital Cortex on Brain Biomarkers Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Karlene Sara Stoby and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theta burst stimulation (TBS), a type of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), uses repeated high-frequency bursts to induce neural noise in the cortex. An intermittent TBS (iTBS) protocol is generally considered excitatory, while continuous TBS (cTBS) is generally considered inhibitory. TBS effects are highly variable and have been primarily studied in the primary motor cortex (M1). We investigated the effects of iTBS and cTBS to the primary visual cortex (V1) on occipital Glx (glutamate and glutamine composite) and GABA+ (gamma-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules composite) concentrations compared to sham stimulation. Thirty participants received a single session of individual stereotaxically-guided TBS to the V1. Participants received either cTBS, iTBS or sham TBS. GABA+ and Glx were measured at the stimulation site using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Baseline pre-TBS GABA+ and Glx levels were compared to those immediately post- and one hour post-TBS. The results show a trend for a decrease in GABA+ immediately following cTBS compared to one hour post-TBS and a trend for an increase in Glx immediately following iTBS compared to one hour-post TBS. There was also an increase in GABA+ from baseline to one hour-post TBS and a trend for an increase in GABA+ and Glx composite ratio levels following sham. Since there was a lack of systematic trends in the data, we suspect there is no relevant change from a single session of TBS to neurotransmitter levels in the V1. Perhaps, only repeated application of TBS may lead to substantial benefits. This indicates that a single session of TBS can be used safely in the laboratory without effects on neurotransmitter levels in the V1.

Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex

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Publisher : Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
ISBN 13 : 9783838123028
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales

Download or read book Theta-Burst Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used as a tool for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts its effects and the modulation that it induces in the brain are not completely understood. This book offers an overview of a novel form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation called theta-burst applied over the human motor cortex. Molecular findings in animal models as well as clinical applications are described and discussed. Furthermore, it provides evidence for the modulation of neural activity induced by theta-burst by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during human motor activity. The data suggest that the combination of theta-burst and fMRI might be useful to monitor treatment effects, which may have clinical implications.

The Modulation of Visuospatial Awareness in the Human Brain Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (829 download)

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Book Synopsis The Modulation of Visuospatial Awareness in the Human Brain Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by : R. M. Oliver

Download or read book The Modulation of Visuospatial Awareness in the Human Brain Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation written by R. M. Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a series of studies, involving healthy subjects and a carefully selected stroke patient, in which the techniques of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Signal Detection Theory (SDT) were combined to explore processing in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the phenomenon of unilateral spatial neglect: 1) A new SDT-based TMS 'hunting' technique was developed and then employed successfully over the right PPC. This revealed a cortical node which could be modulated with 'online' 10Hz-TMS to exert control over subjects' visuospatial perception. 2) By targeting this 'hotspot' and an equivalent area in the left PPC with disruptive 'cTBS' (continuous 'Theta Burst' simulation), neglect-like effects in the healthy brain could be induced and alleviated. These effects were quantified using a newly developed, fully balanced, bihemifield detection paradigm 3) By using TMS to map visuospatial function over healthy right PPC, the 'hotspot' could be enlarged after exposure to excitatory, intermittent TBS (iTBS). 4) cTBS was applied to the left PPC of a patient with a right sided stroke and visuospatial neglect. In doing this, neglect and its alleviation were described for the first time in fully balanced SDT terms. 5) The cerebellum was targeted in healthy subjects with 1Hz inhibitory TMS which induced a shift in their subjective midline for 'imaginary' but not 'real' space, as measured with number or physical line bisection respectively. These TBS studies lend support to Kinsbourne's hemispheric rivalry hypothesis and suggest that the extent of 'spatially eloquent' cortex in the right PPC can be increased. Both strategies could be useful in larger therapeutic studies of patients suffering from USN after right sided brain injury. The final study opens up an additional therapeutic target for patients with imaginal neglect and, for the first time, implicates the cerebellum in number line bisection.

Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex by : Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales

Download or read book Effects of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Human Motor Cortex written by Lizbeth Karina Cárdenas-Morales and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319288024
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain by : György Buzsáki

Download or read book Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain written by György Buzsáki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together leading investigators who represent various aspects of brain dynamics with the goal of presenting state-of-the-art current progress and address future developments. The individual chapters cover several fascinating facets of contemporary neuroscience from elementary computation of neurons, mesoscopic network oscillations, internally generated assembly sequences in the service of cognition, large-scale neuronal interactions within and across systems, the impact of sleep on cognition, memory, motor-sensory integration, spatial navigation, large-scale computation and consciousness. Each of these topics require appropriate levels of analyses with sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution of neuronal activity in both local and global networks, supplemented by models and theories to explain how different levels of brain dynamics interact with each other and how the failure of such interactions results in neurologic and mental disease. While such complex questions cannot be answered exhaustively by a dozen or so chapters, this volume offers a nice synthesis of current thinking and work-in-progress on micro-, meso- and macro- dynamics of the brain.

Rhythms of the Brain

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019804125X
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Rhythms of the Brain by : Gyorgy Buzsaki

Download or read book Rhythms of the Brain written by Gyorgy Buzsaki and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-03 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. In a sequence of "cycles," György Buzsáki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing-accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge-is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198570392
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory by : Naoyuki Osaka

Download or read book The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory written by Naoyuki Osaka and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only relatively recently that it has been possible to study the neural processes that might underlie working memory, leading to a proliferation of research in this domain. This volume brings together leading researchers from around the world to summarise current knowledge of this field.

Stroke Syndromes, 3ed

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107018862
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Stroke Syndromes, 3ed by : Louis R. Caplan

Download or read book Stroke Syndromes, 3ed written by Louis R. Caplan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-12 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive survey of dysfunction due to stroke, this revised edition remains the definitive guide to stroke patterns and syndromes.

In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119382548
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy by : Robin A. de Graaf

Download or read book In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy written by Robin A. de Graaf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents basic concepts, experimental methodology and data acquisition, and processing standards of in vivo NMR spectroscopy This book covers, in detail, the technical and biophysical aspects of in vivo NMR techniques and includes novel developments in the field such as hyperpolarized NMR, dynamic 13C NMR, automated shimming, and parallel acquisitions. Most of the techniques are described from an educational point of view, yet it still retains the practical aspects appreciated by experimental NMR spectroscopists. In addition, each chapter concludes with a number of exercises designed to review, and often extend, the presented NMR principles and techniques. The third edition of In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques has been updated to include experimental detail on the developing area of hyperpolarization; a description of the semi-LASER sequence, which is now a method of choice; updated chemical shift data, including the addition of 31P data; a troubleshooting section on common problems related to shimming, water suppression, and quantification; recent developments in data acquisition and processing standards; and MatLab scripts on the accompanying website for helping readers calculate radiofrequency pulses. Provide an educational explanation and overview of in vivo NMR, while maintaining the practical aspects appreciated by experimental NMR spectroscopists Features more experimental methodology than the previous edition End-of-chapter exercises that help drive home the principles and techniques and offer a more in-depth exploration of quantitative MR equations Designed to be used in conjunction with a teaching course on the subject In Vivo NMR Spectroscopy: Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition is aimed at all those involved in fundamental and/or diagnostic in vivo NMR, ranging from people working in dedicated in vivo NMR institutes, to radiologists in hospitals, researchers in high-resolution NMR and MRI, and in areas such as neurology, physiology, chemistry, and medical biology.

Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124081185
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis by : Alex Fornito

Download or read book Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain

Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198568924
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation by : Eric Wassermann

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation written by Eric Wassermann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-24 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial stimulation comprises an important set of techniques for investigating brain function, some of which promise to treat diseases. This book provides a review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation, for neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists.

Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780340720097
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation by : Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Download or read book Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation written by Alvaro Pascual-Leone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transcranial Magnetic Stimul0tion (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that has revolutionised the study of the human nervous system allowing in-depth investigations of complex voluntary motor control pathways. Today, many of the techniques used in TMS have become routine in clinical electrophysiological assessments. As an investigative tool, its application ranges from clinical diagnostics to cognitive research. Now the use of repetitive TMS (rTMS) is gaining support amongst psychiatrists as evidence suggests that it may provide an alternative to ECT in treating depression and other psychiatric disorders. This handbook brings together the basic science, fundamental principles, and essential procedures of TMS needed by all those useing or planning to use the technique clinically or in research. The final two sections focus upon current up to date knowledge of applications of the technique. Written in a digestible style by world authorities in different related specialties, the Handbook of TMS will be a valuable and comprehensive guide for clinical neurophysiologists, neuropsychiatrists, neurologists and psychiatrists.

Understanding Vision

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199564663
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Vision by : Li Zhaoping

Download or read book Understanding Vision written by Li Zhaoping and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision science has grown hugely in the past decades, but there have been few books showing readers how to adopt a computional approach to understanding visual perception, along with the underlying mechanisms in the brain. This book explains the computational principles and models of biological visual processing, and in particular, primate vision.

Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123814405
Total Pages : 677 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness by : Bernard J. Baars

Download or read book Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness written by Bernard J. Baars and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness, Second Edition, provides students and readers with an overview of the study of the human brain and its cognitive development.It discusses brain molecules and their primary function, which is to help carry brain signals to and from the different parts of the human body. These molecules are also essential for understanding language, learning, perception, thinking, and other cognitive functions of our brain. The book also presents the tools that can be used to view the human brain through brain imaging or recording.New to this edition are Frontiers in Cognitive Neuroscience text boxes, each one focusing on a leading researcher and their topic of expertise. There is a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition; all other chapters have been thoroughly revised, based on the most recent discoveries.This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in Psychology, Neuroscience, and related disciplines in which cognitive neuroscience is taught. New edition of a very successful textbook Completely revised to reflect new advances, and feedback from adopters and students Includes a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition Student Solutions available at http://www.baars-gage.com/ For Teachers: Rapid adoption and course preparation: A wide array of instructor support materials are available online including PowerPoint lecture slides, a test bank with answers, and eFlashcords on key concepts for each chapter. A textbook with an easy-to-understand thematic approach: in a way that is clear for students from a variety of academic backgrounds, the text introduces concepts such as working memory, selective attention, and social cognition. A step-by-step guide for introducing students to brain anatomy: color graphics have been carefully selected to illustrate all points and the research explained. Beautifully clear artist's drawings are used to 'build a brain' from top to bottom, simplifying the layout of the brain. For students: An easy-to-read, complete introduction to mind-brain science: all chapters begin from mind-brain functions and build a coherent picture of their brain basis. A single, widely accepted functional framework is used to capture the major phenomena. Learning Aids include a student support site with study guides and exercises, a new Mini-Atlas of the Brain and a full Glossary of technical terms and their definitions. Richly illustrated with hundreds of carefully selected color graphics to enhance understanding.

Magnetoencephalography

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642330452
Total Pages : 999 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetoencephalography by : Selma Supek

Download or read book Magnetoencephalography written by Selma Supek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.

Visual Masking

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191546208
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Visual Masking by : Bruno Breitmeyer

Download or read book Visual Masking written by Bruno Breitmeyer and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our visual system can process information at both conscious and unconscious levels. Understanding the factors that control whether a stimulus reaches our awareness, and the fate of those stimuli that remain at an unconscious level, are the major challenges of brain science in the new millennium. Since its publication in 1984, Visual Masking has established itself as a classic text in the field of cognitive psychology. In the years since, there have been considerable advances in the cognitive neurosciences, and a growth of interest in the topic of consciousness, and the time is ripe for a new edition of this text. Where most current approaches to the study of visual consciousness adopt a 'steady-state' view, the approach presented in this book explores its dynamic properties. This new edition uses the technique of visual masking to explore temporal aspects of conscious and unconscious processes down to a resolution in the millisecond range. The 'time slices' through conscious and unconscious vision revealed by the visual masking technique can shed light on both normal and abnormal operations in the brain. The main focus of this book is on the microgenesis of visual form and pattern perception - microgenesis referring to the processes occurring in the visual system from the time of stimulus presentation on the retinae to the time, a few hundred milliseconds later, of its registration at conscious or unconscious perceptual and behavioural levels. The book takes a highly integrative approach by presenting microgenesis within a broad context encompassing visuo-temporal phenomena, attention, and consciousness.