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The Effect Of Carbon Fiber Type On The Electrochemical Degradation Of Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites Tri Service Committee On Corrosion Proceedings
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Book Synopsis The Effect of Carbon Fiber Type on the Electrochemical Degradation of Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites, Tri-Service Committee on Corrosion Proceedings by :
Download or read book The Effect of Carbon Fiber Type on the Electrochemical Degradation of Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites, Tri-Service Committee on Corrosion Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The galvanic interaction between metals and carbon fiber/polymer matrix composite degrades not only the metals but the composite itself. The objective of this study was to investigate if the fiber type influenced either the mechanism or form of damage. Two different composites were examined. Both have same epoxy matrix, 3501-6 epoxy, but contain different carbon fibers, either AS4 or IM6. The surfaces of the composite materials were exposed to 0.5 N NaCl solution to simulate sea water at open circuit condition or cathodic potentials to simulate galvanic coupling of metals. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to monitor changes in the behavior of the composites. Modeling of experimental data indicated that the parameter, Rp, representing the polymer resistance decreased with increasing time of exposure for both open circuit conditions and applied cathodic potentials. The value of Rp also decreased with increasingly cathodic applied potentials. This suggested that a damage process for the polymer involving increased access of solution to the carbon fibers. SEM examination showed that cracks and polymer separations on the exposed but not on the unexposed surfaces. The fiber type did not appear to influence the damage mechanism in this study.
Book Synopsis 3 ทศวรรษแห่งการสถาปนาคณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ 9 มีนาคม 2539 by :
Download or read book 3 ทศวรรษแห่งการสถาปนาคณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเกษตรศาสตร์ 9 มีนาคม 2539 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Monitor Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Subjected to Simulated Ocean Environment by : Mohammad M. Ahmed
Download or read book Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Monitor Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Subjected to Simulated Ocean Environment written by Mohammad M. Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Workshop on the Electrochemistry of Carbon by : S. Sarangapani
Download or read book Proceedings of the Workshop on the Electrochemistry of Carbon written by S. Sarangapani and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contact Corrosion Between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials and High-Strength Metals by :
Download or read book Contact Corrosion Between Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials and High-Strength Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results show that when carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite materials are joined with high-strength titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, lCrl8Ni9Ti stainless steel, or other structural materials, galvanic corrosion and crevice corrosion take place on the contact boundaries. This corrosion is primarily determined by the electrochemical properties of the materials. It is also related to the materials' mutual coupling situation, treatment technology, and environmental conditions. Galvanic corrosion is affected by the coupled materials' static energy of corrosion (Ecorr), galvanic currents, and other dynamic closed-circuit properties. In a 3.5% NaCl solution, materials' electrochemical properties and treatment techniques tended to have similar effects on galvanic corrosion and crevice corrosion. When soaking weight loss methods, salt spray methods, and crevice corrosion methods were used to test couples of CFRM with anodized titanium alloys or couples of CFRM with hot water-sealed or chromate-sealed aluminum alloys, the materials were proved to be stable and satisfactory for the needs of engineering applications. (MM).
Book Synopsis In Vitro Studies on the Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon-Fiber Composites by : P. Kovacs
Download or read book In Vitro Studies on the Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon-Fiber Composites written by P. Kovacs and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques, the electrochemical behavior of carbon-fiber/polyetheretherketone (C/PEEK) composite material was studied primarily in lactated Ringer's solution with and without a stable, fast reacting redox couple (0.01M K4[Fe(CN)6] + 0.01M K3[Fe(CN)6]), at 37°C. For comparison, the spontaneous passivation of stainless steel 316L, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, and Ti-6Al-4V was also investigated in these electrolytes. It was found that the rate of total electrochemical interaction (corrosion + electron exchange) between a spontaneously passivated metal and the environment can be considerably smaller than the rate of simple electron exchange between the carbon-fiber composite and the environment. Considering the excellent biocompatibility of carbon, this finding seems to indicate the important role of protective passive films on metals, rather than the clinical significance of higher electron exchange rates in general. When the protective passive layer on the metals is damaged or removed mechanically, the undesirable effect of substantially increased corrosion rates can be observed, particularly in environments with low redox activity. While galvanic corrosion may also occur between the mechanically depassivated and the passive sites of implant metal surfaces, more considerable galvanic corrosion can be expected if the metal undergoing fretting wear is in contact with a carbon-fiber composite, depending on the anodic/cathodic surface area ratio and on the redox properties of the environment. Additionally, the repassivation of the damaged metal surface may not take place effectively. Being the most susceptible to localized corrosion, stainless steel 316L, even in the passivated condition, may show accelrated pitting corrosion if coupled with carbon-fiber composites.
Book Synopsis Oxidation of Continuous Carbon Fibers Within a Silicon Carbide Matrix Under Stressed and Unstressed Conditions by : Michael C. Halbig
Download or read book Oxidation of Continuous Carbon Fibers Within a Silicon Carbide Matrix Under Stressed and Unstressed Conditions written by Michael C. Halbig and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (C/SiC) are a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material that offers benefits for use in a wide range of high temperature structural applications. However the susceptibility of the carbon fibers to degradation in oxidizing environments has hindered the material's use in certain applications requiring long lives under oxidizing conditions. The susceptibility of carbon fibers to oxidation will be discussed as well as the enhancement (improvement in oxidation resistance) of C/SiC materials. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbon fibers shows susceptibility to oxidation in two distinct kinetic regimes. However, in the thermogravimetric (wt. loss) analysis of unstressed, unenhanced, seal coated C/SiC coupons, the two regimes were not observed due to crack closure and matrix effects, which inhibited the oxidation process. Stressed oxidation (creep rupture) tests put the material under a stress, which is a more realistic condition for many applications. In stressed oxidation tests, the two oxidation kinetics regimes were observed. These tests can provide better insight into how the material will perform in applications involving stress. Stressed oxidation of enhanced materials containing oxidation inhibitors showed significantly improved lives at the specific test conditions considered, although there was susceptibility to oxidation at intermediate temperatures.
Book Synopsis Electropolymerization on Carbon Fibers - Effects on Composite Properties by : R. V. Subramanian
Download or read book Electropolymerization on Carbon Fibers - Effects on Composite Properties written by R. V. Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interface tailoring in carbon fiber-polymer composites by means of electrochemical polymerization has been investigated. It was expected that fiber-matrix adhesion and composite mechanical properties can be modified by the electrochemical formation of polymer layers of varying structure and properties on carbon fibers prior to their incorporation in a polymer matrix. Techniques were developed first for producing thin polymer coatings on carbon fibers by using the latter as electrodes in an electrolytic cell containing the monomer. Composite specimens were prepared by the incorporation of the coated fibers in an epoxy matrix. It was demonstrated that, in fact, the effect of the surface treatment on the interfacial properties of the resulting composite was manifested in variations of the measured interlaminar shear and impact strengths of the composite specimens. The increase in interlaminar shear was considered to be the result of improved fiber-matrix adhesion when compared to composite specimens prepared from untreated carbon fibers. The corresponding reversed trend in impact strength values was attributed to the effect of excessive fiber-matrix adhesion in causing brittle failure of the composite. It was significant, when in exception to this general trend, it was also found that both interlaminar shear and impact strengths could simultaneously be increased.
Book Synopsis Durability of Carbon Fiber/vinylester Composites Subjected to Marine Environments and Electrochemical Interactions by : Md Hasnine
Download or read book Durability of Carbon Fiber/vinylester Composites Subjected to Marine Environments and Electrochemical Interactions written by Md Hasnine and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degradation of the Carbon Fiber/Vinylester (CF/VE) polymer matrix composites due to different electrochemical interactions when exposed to seawater or at high temperature had been experimentally investigated. Water uptake behavior of composite specimen was examined based on weight gain measurement. Three point bending test was performed to quantify the mechanical degradation of composite immersed in seawater with different environmental and electrochemical interactions. Finally, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to better understanding of the degradation process in CF/VE composite produced by interactions between electrochemical and different environmental conditions. A detailed equivalent circuit analysis by using EIS spectra is also presented in an attempt to elucidate the degradation phenomenon in composites.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Polymerization and Deposition on Carbon Fibers by : R. V. Subramanian
Download or read book Electrochemical Polymerization and Deposition on Carbon Fibers written by R. V. Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrodic polymerization on carbon fibers of a variety of monomers having different functional groups has been investigated. The objective was to demonstrate the effect of such polymer coating on the properties of polymer composites prepared from the coated fibers. The electropolymerization of novel monomers encountered in this study was pursued in some detail. In addition to usual vinyl polymerizations, some novel cyclic monomers were identified as capable of producing the desired polymer layer on fiber under appropriate polymerization conditions. In many instances, grafting of the surface polymer to the fiber was observed.
Book Synopsis Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conducive Carbon Black/Polyolefin Composites Mixed With Carbon Fiber by : A. Farshidfar
Download or read book Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Conducive Carbon Black/Polyolefin Composites Mixed With Carbon Fiber written by A. Farshidfar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrical conductivity of polymers can be increased by the addition of conductive fillers, including forms of carbon fibers and carbon black. The resulting composites can be used in applications where metals have typically been the materials of choice. The advantages of using these materials include lighter weight, resistance to corrosion, and the ability to be readily adapted to the needs of a specific application. One of the most significant applications for conductive polymer composites are conductive carbon-polymer composite electrodes. As many properties such as conductivity, mechanical integrity, low permeability, electrochemical activity, and stability in the electrolytes are required of materials to be used as electrodes, so "material selection" plays a crucial role in fabricating these materials. In this work it was found that high density polyethylene (HDPE)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer(EPDM) blend ratio (70/30) has lower percolation threshold and volume resistivity than individually carbon black filled HDPE and EPDM due to "double percolation" effect. Carbon fibers were also added to the polymer-carbon black mixtures to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity of composites with different ratios of carbon black (CB) content to carbon fiber (CF) content was studied. The CB content is the main factor to determine the resistivity of the composites filled with CB and CF. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the conductive composites were evaluated. The results showed that incorporation of CB and CF in the composites will enhance tensile strength, but decrease elongation at break and impact strength of the composites. In mechanical properties, CF content has a greater effect than CB content. From the comparison of the resistivity and mechanical properties of the composites filled with CB and CF with that of the composites filled with CB only, it is concluded that using CF as a substitute for part of the CB in CB-filled composites can enhance electrical and mechanical properties.
Book Synopsis Chemically Modified Carbon Fibers and Their Applications by : Igorʹ Nikolaevich Ermolenko
Download or read book Chemically Modified Carbon Fibers and Their Applications written by Igorʹ Nikolaevich Ermolenko and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Degradation of Carbon Fiber Composites in the Maritime Environment by : William Henry Ejner Reynolds
Download or read book Degradation of Carbon Fiber Composites in the Maritime Environment written by William Henry Ejner Reynolds and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Mechanical Loading and Environmental Degradation on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites by : Abhishek K. Singh
Download or read book Effect of Mechanical Loading and Environmental Degradation on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites written by Abhishek K. Singh and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Ultraviolet Radiation and Condensation by : Bhavesh Girish Kumar
Download or read book Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites by Ultraviolet Radiation and Condensation written by Bhavesh Girish Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermal Oxidation Induced Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites and Carbon Nanotube Sheet Enhanced Fiber/matrix Interface for High Temperature Aerospace Structural Applications by : Mohammad Hamidul Haque
Download or read book Thermal Oxidation Induced Degradation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites and Carbon Nanotube Sheet Enhanced Fiber/matrix Interface for High Temperature Aerospace Structural Applications written by Mohammad Hamidul Haque and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent increase in the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite, especially for high temperature applications in aerospace primary and secondary structures along with wind energy and automotive industries, have generated new challenges to predict its failure mechanisms and service life. This dissertation reports the experimental study of a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced bismaleimide (BMI) composites (CFRC), an excellent candidate for high temperature aerospace components, undergoing thermal oxidation at 260 °C in air for over 3000 hours. The key focus of the work is to investigate the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber BMI composite subjected to thermal aging in three key aspects - first, studying its bulk flexural properties (in macro scale), second, characterizing the crack propagation along the fiber direction, representing the interfacial bonding strength between fiber and matrix (in micro scale), and third, introducing nano-structured materials to modify the interface (in nano scale) between the carbon fiber and BMI resin and mechanical characterization to study its influence on mitigating the aging effect. Under the first category, weight loss and flexural properties have been monitored as the oxidation propagates through the fiber/matrix interface. Dynamic mechanical analysis and micro-computed tomography analysis have been performed to analyze the aging effects. In the second category, the long-term effects of thermal oxidation on the delamination (between the composite plies) and debonding (between fiber and matrix) type fracture toughness have been characterized by preparing two distinct types of double cantilever beam specimens. Digital image correlation has been used to determine the deformation field and strain distribution around the crack propagation path. Finally the resin system and the fiber/matrix interface have been modified using nanomaterials to mitigate the degradations caused by oxidation. Nanoclay modified epoxy resin has been characterized for hardness and modulus using nanoindentation technique. A significant reduction of oxidation, which is anticipated to eventually translate into improvement in mechanical properties, has been observed as the nanoclay particles have worked as a retarding agent for the oxidation propagation. Carbon nanotube sheet scrolled carbon fiber tows embedded in epoxy matrix have been investigated for interfacial properties using nanoindentation (push-out test), in micro scale, and using tensile testing (pull-out test), in macro scale. A significant increase in interfacial shear strength has been achieved by this unique materials combination.
Book Synopsis Environmental Durability of Graphite/epoxy Composites by : Christopher C. Pauly
Download or read book Environmental Durability of Graphite/epoxy Composites written by Christopher C. Pauly and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing acceptance and incorporation of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs) as engineering construction materials have led many to look to the infrastructure as an application for these versatile materials. One such system is pultruded graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy (graphite/epoxy). Some PMC systems degrade when subjected to environmental conditions (e.g., moisture, stress, UV light, electrochemical polarization). These variables are typically studied either singularly or in series, but in real applications (e.g., aerospace, marine, infrastructure), these materials are subjected to many of these conditions simultaneously. To simulate field conditions, this study investigated the combined effects of an aqueous environment, electrochemical polarization, and applied bending stress on the durability of a pultruded graphite/epoxy composite. The findings indicate that graphite/epoxy composites cannot be assumed to be insensitive to degradation by environmental variables. Further, electrochemical polarization, as might occur with contact with a metal such as a fastener, can accelerate degradation. This damage requires the presence of moisture. Chloride and sulfate concentrations in rain are sufficient to establish an electrolyte within creviced regions, but deicing salts would overtake these as a contributor to conductivity. Further findings may be summarized as follows: 1.) Application of polarization in an aerated 0.6M NaCl environment led to breakdown of the fiber/matrix interface. The high pH environment created during the oxygen reduction reaction was necessary but not sufficient to create this breakdown, as the unpolarized specimen exposed to a pH 13 environment did not degrade. Cathodic polarization as would occur by coupling to steel or aluminum is required. 2.)Application of cathodic polarization did not significantly alter strength. Average measurements of shear strength, however, did decrease with the application of cathodic polarization for 70 and 90 days.
