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The Economics Of Non Marital Childbearing And The Marriage Premium For Children
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Book Synopsis The Economics of Non-Marital Childbearing and the "Marriage Premium for Children" by : Melissa Schettini Kearney
Download or read book The Economics of Non-Marital Childbearing and the "Marriage Premium for Children" written by Melissa Schettini Kearney and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large literature exists on the impact of family structure on children’s outcomes, typically focusing on average effects. We build on this with an economic framework that has heterogeneous predictions regarding the potential benefit for children of married parents. We propose that the gains to marriage from a child’s perspective depend on a mother’s own level of resources, the additional net resources that her partner would bring, and the outcome-specific returns to resources. Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are consistent with the heterogeneous predictions of this framework. In terms of high school completion or avoiding poverty at age 25, the “marriage premium for children” is highest for children of mothers with high school degrees and mothers in their early/mid-20s. For the more advanced outcomes of college completion or high income at age 25, the marriage premium is monotonically increasing with observed maternal age and education.
Book Synopsis Non-Marital Childbearing by : Carmen Solomon-Fears
Download or read book Non-Marital Childbearing written by Carmen Solomon-Fears and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. In 2006, a record 38.5% of all U.S. births were non-marital births. Many of these children grow up in mother-only families. Children who grow up with only one biological parent in the home are more likely to be financially worse off and have worse socio-economic outcomes (even after income differences are taken into account) compared to children who grow up with both biological parents in the home. Contents of this report: Key Findings; Trends in Non-marital Births: 1940-2006; Numbers, Percentages, and Rates; Characteristics of Unwed Mothers; Fathers of Children Born Outside of Marriage; Reasons for the Increase in Non-marital Childbearing; Impact of Non-marital Births on Families; Public Policy Interventions; Future Prospects. Illus.
Download or read book Out of Wedlock written by Larry Wu and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, one third of all American babies are born to unmarried mothers—a startling statistic that has prompted national concern about the consequences for women, children, and society. Indeed, the debate about welfare and the overhaul of the federal welfare program for single mothers was partially motivated by the desire to reduce out of wedlock births. Although the proportion of births to unwed mothers has stopped climbing for the first time since the 1960s, it has not decreased, and recent trends are too complex to attribute solely to policy interventions. What are these trends and how do they differ across groups? Are they peculiar to the United States, or rooted in more widespread social forces? Do children of unmarried mothers face greater life challenges, and if so what can be done to help them? Out of Wedlock investigates these questions, marshalling sociologists, demographers, and economists to review the state of current research and to provide both empirical information and critical analyses. The conflicting data on nonmarital fertility give rise to a host of vexing theoretical, methodological, and empirical issues, some of which researchers are only beginning to address. Out of Wedlock breaks important new ground, bringing clarity to the data and examining policies that may benefit these particularly vulnerable children.
Book Synopsis Early Non-marital Childbearing and the "Culture of Despair" by : Melissa Schettini Kearney
Download or read book Early Non-marital Childbearing and the "Culture of Despair" written by Melissa Schettini Kearney and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper borrows from the tradition of other social sciences in considering the impact that "culture" (broadly defined as the economic and social environment in which the poor live) plays in determining early, non-marital childbearing. Along with others before us, we hypothesize that the despair and hopelessness that poor, young women may face increases the likelihood that they will give birth at an early age outside of marriage. We derive a formal economic model that incorporates the perception of economic success as a key factor driving one's decision to have an early, non-marital birth. We propose that this perception is based in part on the level of income inequality that exists in a woman's location of residence. Using individual-level data from the United States and a number of other developed countries, we empirically investigate the role played by inequality across states in determining the early childbearing outcomes of low socioeconomic status (SES) women. We find low SES women are more likely to give birth at a young age and outside of marriage when they live in higher inequality locations, all else equal. Less frequent use of abortion is an important determinant of this behavior. We calculate that differences in the level of inequality are able to explain a sizable share of the geographic variation in teen fertility rates both across U.S. states and across developed countries.
Book Synopsis Report to Congress on Out-of-wedlock Childbearing by : National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.)
Download or read book Report to Congress on Out-of-wedlock Childbearing written by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) and published by Center. This book was released on 1995 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the current status and trends in nonmarital childbearing in the United States, and presents a series of supplemental papers by experts from social science disciplines. "Nonmarital Childbearing in the United States" (Kristin A. Moore) introduces the topic, indicating that nearly a third of all births in the country occurred outside of marriage in 1993. However, Americans are not having more babies; they are having fewer marriages. "The Demography of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing" (Stephanie J. Ventura, Christine A. Bachrach, Laura Hill, Kelleen Kaye, Pamela Holcomb, and Elisa Koff) provides the statistics that support the discussion. The following expert papers provide commentary on aspects of the situation: (1) "The Retreat from Marriage and the Rise in Nonmarital Fertility" (Daniel T. Lichter); (2) "Family Structure and Nonmarital Fertility: Perspectives from Ethnographic Research" (Linda M. Burton); (3) "The Effect of the Welfare System on Nonmarital Childbearing" (Robert A. Moffitt); (4) "How Nonmarital Childbearing Is Affected by Neighborhoods, Marital Opportunities and Labor-Market Conditions" (Greg J. Duncan); (5) "Access to and Utilization of Preventative Services: Implications for Nonmarital Childbearing" (Martha R. Burt); (6) "Attitudes, Values, and Norms Related to Nonmarital Fertility" (Arland Thornton); (7) "Risk Factors for Adolescent Nonmarital Childbearing" (Brent C. Miller); (8) "The Consequences of Nonmarital Childbearing for Women, Children, and Society" (Sara S. McLanahan); and (9) "Strategies To Reduce Nonmarital Childbearing" (Theodora Doms). Appendixes present data tables and tables of fertility ratios. (Contains 68 figures, 58 references, 28 appendix tables, 4 tables, and 1 chart in the expert papers.) (SLD)
Book Synopsis Income Inequality and Early Non-Marital Childbearing by : Melissa Schettini Kearney
Download or read book Income Inequality and Early Non-Marital Childbearing written by Melissa Schettini Kearney and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using individual-level data from the United States and a number of other developed countries, we empirically investigate the role of income inequality in determining rates of early, non-marital childbearing among low socioeconomic status (SES) women. We present robust evidence that low SES women are more likely to give birth at a young age and outside of marriage when they live in more unequal places, all else held constant. Our results suggest that inequality itself, as opposed to other correlated geographic factors, drives this relationship. We calculate that differences in the level of inequality are able to explain a sizeable share of the geographic variation in teen fertility rates both across U.S. states and across developed countries. We propose a model of economic "despair" that facilitates the interpretation of our results. It reinterprets the sociological and ethnographic literature that emphasizes the role of economic marginalization and hopelessness into a parsimonious framework that captures the concept of "despair" with an individual's perception of economic success. Our empirical results are consistent with the idea that income inequality heightens a sense of economic despair among those at the bottom of the distribution.
Book Synopsis The Taxpayer Costs of Divorce and Unwed Childbearing by : Benjamin Scafidi
Download or read book The Taxpayer Costs of Divorce and Unwed Childbearing written by Benjamin Scafidi and published by Broadway Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides the first rigorous estimate of the costs to U.S. taxpayer high rates of divorce and unmarried childbearing both at the national and state levels. Based on the methodology, we estimated that U.S. taxpayers were affected at least $112 billion each and every year, or more than $1 trillion each decade.
Book Synopsis Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing by :
Download or read book Report to Congress on Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a third of all births occur outside of marriage. This report summarizes scientific information on non-marital fertility & addresses these questions: 1. what are the trends in non-marital childbearing? 2. what are the consequences of non-marital childbearing for children, adults, & for the public? 3. what are the causes of the dramatic increase in non-marital fertility, what factors have contributed to the upsurge in non-marital childbearing? how can we prevent pregnancy or childbearing among unmarried persons & what policies & actions should we take to ameliorate the negative consequences associated with non-marital childbearing & parenthood.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages by : Neil G. Bennett
Download or read book The Influence of Nonmarital Childbearing on the Formation of First Marriages written by Neil G. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the association between nonmarital childbearing and the subsequent likelihood of first marriage and document a negative association between these variables -- controlling for a variety of potentially confounding influences -- in several large survey data sets for the United States. We then subject possible explanations of this finding to empirical test. The analyses performed support the following conclusions: Nonmarital childbearing does not appear to be driven by low expectations of future marriage. Rather, the direction of causation is just the reverse: Nonmarital childbearing tends to be an unexpected and unwanted event that has multiple effects, which on balance are negative, on a woman's subsequent likelihood of first marriage. Further, the upward trend in the proportion of childbearing that occurs outside of marriage may account for one-fourth of the increase in the proportion of women never marrying in the United States over cohorts separated by almost two decades. We do, however, find that nonmarital childbearers are more likely to enter informal cohabitational unions than are their single counterparts who do not bear a child. We find evidence that the negative association between out-of- wedlock childbearing and subsequent marriage is particularly strong among welfare recipients as well as evidence that out-of-wedlock childbearing increases the likelihood that a woman marries her child's biological father. On the other hand, we find no evidence that (a) stigma associated with nonmarital childbearing plays an important role
Book Synopsis Nonmarital Childbearing by : Dawn Marie Upchurch
Download or read book Nonmarital Childbearing written by Dawn Marie Upchurch and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the determinants of nonmarital fertility, focusing on the effects of other life-course events: education, marriage, marital dissolution, and marital fertility. Since these determinants are potentially endogenous, the authors modeled the processes that generate them jointly with nonmarital fertility and accounted for the sequencing of events and the unobserved correlations across processes. The results showed that the risk of nonmarital conception increases immediately after leaving school and that the educational effects are less pronounced for black women than for other women. The risk is lower for previously married women than for never-married women, even controlling for age, but this reduction is significant only for black women. The more children a woman already has, the lower her risk of nonmarital childbearing, particularly if the earlier children were born during a previous marriage. Ignoring endogeneity issues seriously biases the estimate of several substantively important effects.
Book Synopsis Economics of the Family by : Martin Browning
Download or read book Economics of the Family written by Martin Browning and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The family is a complex decision unit in which partners with potentially different objectives make consumption, work and fertility decisions. Couples marry and divorce partly based on their ability to coordinate these activities, which in turn depends on how well they are matched. This book provides a comprehensive, modern and self-contained account of the research in the growing area of family economics. The first half of the book develops several alternative models of family decision making. Particular attention is paid to the collective model and its testable implications. The second half discusses household formation and dissolution and who marries whom. Matching models with and without frictions are analyzed and the important role of within-family transfers is explained. The implications for marriage, divorce and fertility are discussed. The book is intended for graduate students in economics and for researchers in other fields interested in the economic approach to the family.
Book Synopsis The Two-Parent Privilege by : Melissa S. Kearney
Download or read book The Two-Parent Privilege written by Melissa S. Kearney and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2023-09-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprising story of how declining marriage rates are driving many of the country’s biggest economic problems. In The Two-Parent Privilege, Melissa S. Kearney makes a provocative, data-driven case for marriage by showing how the institution’s decline has led to a host of economic woes—problems that have fractured American society and rendered vulnerable populations even more vulnerable. Eschewing the religious and values-based arguments that have long dominated this conversation, Kearney shows how the greatest impacts of marriage are, in fact, economic: when two adults marry, their economic and household lives improve, offering a host of benefits not only for the married adults but for their children. Studies show that these effects are today starker, and more unevenly distributed, than ever before. Kearney examines the underlying causes of the marriage decline in the US and draws lessons for how the US can reverse this trend to ensure the country’s future prosperity. Based on more than a decade of economic research, including her original work, Kearney shows that a household that includes two married parents—holding steady among upper-class adults, increasingly rare among most everyone else—functions as an economic vehicle that advantages some children over others. As these trends of marriage and class continue, the compounding effects on inequality and opportunity grow increasingly dire. Their effects include not just children’s behavioral and educational outcomes, but a surprisingly devastating effect on adult men, whose role in the workforce and society appears intractably damaged by the emerging economics of America’s new social norms. For many, the two-parent home may be an old-fashioned symbol of the idyllic American dream. But The Two-Parent Privilege makes it clear that marriage, for all its challenges and faults, may be our best path to a more equitable future. By confronting the critical role that family makeup plays in shaping children’s lives and futures, Kearney offers a critical assessment of what a decline in marriage means for an economy and a society—and what we must do to change course.
Book Synopsis Historical and Life Course Trajectories of Nonmarital Childbearing by : Lawrence L. Wu
Download or read book Historical and Life Course Trajectories of Nonmarital Childbearing written by Lawrence L. Wu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Unequal Family Lives by : Naomi R. Cahn
Download or read book Unequal Family Lives written by Naomi R. Cahn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the causes and consequences of family inequality in the United States, Europe, and Latin America.
Book Synopsis Nonmarital Childbearing and the Changing American Family by : Kelly A. Musick
Download or read book Nonmarital Childbearing and the Changing American Family written by Kelly A. Musick and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of the Family by : Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Download or read book The Future of the Family written by Daniel Patrick Moynihan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2004-10-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High rates of divorce, single-parenthood, and nonmarital cohabitation are forcing Americans to reexamine their definition of family. This evolving social reality requires public policy to evolve as well. The Future of the Family brings together the top scholars of family policy—headlined by editors Lee Rainwater, Tim Smeeding, and, in his last published work, the late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan—to take stock of the state of the family in the United States today and address the ways in which public policy affects the family and vice versa. The volume opens with an assessment of new forms of family, discussing how reduced family income and lower parental involvement can disadvantage children who grow up outside of two-parent households. The book then presents three vastly dissimilar recommendations—each representing a different segment of the political spectrum—for how family policy should adapt to these changes. Child psychologist Wade Horn argues the case of political conservatives that healthy two-parent families are the best way to raise children and therefore should be actively promoted by government initiatives. Conversely, economist Nancy Folbre argues that government's role lies not in prescribing family arrangements but rather in recognizing and fostering the importance of caregivers within all families, conventional or otherwise. Will Marshall and Isabel Sawhill borrow policy prescriptions from the left and the right, arguing for more initiatives that demand personal responsibility from parents, as well as for an increase in workplace flexibility and the establishment of universal preschool programs. The book follows with commentary by leading policy analysts Samuel Preston, Frank Furstenberg Jr., and Irwin Garfinkel on the merits of the conservative and liberal arguments. Each suggests that marriage promotion alone is not enough to ensure a happy, healthy, and prosperous future for American children who are caught up in the vortex of family change. They agree that government investments in children, however, can promote superior developmental outcomes and even potentially encourage traditional families by enlarging the pool of "marriageable" individuals for the next generation. No government action can reverse trends in family formation or return America to the historic nuclear family model. But understanding social change is an essential step in fashioning effective policy for today's families. With authoritative insight, The Future of the Family broadens and updates our knowledge of how public policy and demography shape one another.
Book Synopsis On The Economics Of Marriage by : Shoshana Grossbard-schectman
Download or read book On The Economics Of Marriage written by Shoshana Grossbard-schectman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marriage is an institution that plays a central role in most societies. As it affects decisions regarding labor supply, consumption, reproduction, and other important decisions, marriage receives considerable attention in academic circles. Much research has been done about marriage, principally by sociologists, psychologists, and anthropologists.
