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Author : Marco Antonio Granados Ruiz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Economic Development of Venezuela in Recent Years written by Marco Antonio Granados Ruiz and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ricardo Hausmann
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271064641
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Venezuela Before Chávez written by Ricardo Hausmann and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Venezuela had one of the poorest economies in Latin America, but by 1970 it had become the richest country in the region and one of the twenty richest countries in the world, ahead of countries such as Greece, Israel, and Spain. Between 1978 and 2001, however, Venezuela’s economy went sharply in reverse, with non-oil GDP declining by almost 19 percent and oil GDP by an astonishing 65 percent. What accounts for this drastic turnabout? The editors of Venezuela Before Chávez, who each played a policymaking role in the country’s economy during the past two decades, have brought together a group of economists and political scientists to examine systematically the impact of a wide range of factors affecting the economy’s collapse, from the cost of labor regulation and the development of financial markets to the weakening of democratic governance and the politics of decisions about industrial policy. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Omar Bello, Adriana Bermúdez, Matías Braun, Javier Corrales, Jonathan Di John, Rafael Di Tella, Javier Donna, Samuel Freije, Dan Levy, Robert MacCulloch, Osmel Manzano, Francisco Monaldi, María Antonia Moreno, Daniel Ortega, Michael Penfold, José Pineda, Lant Pritchett, Cameron A. Shelton, and Dean Yang.
Author : Lena B.
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668509352
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Venezuela. Economic Structure, Economic Policy and International Economic Relations written by Lena B. and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-08-23 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Wiesbaden University of Applied Sciences (Wiesbaden Business School), language: English, abstract: This paper is about the South American country Venezuela. It starts by giving a basic overview, followed by the Economic Policy. Venezuela is still a developing country, so there is information about the development policy efforts to improve. Furthermore I wrote about the grade of governmental interference in economy and how the Venezuelan government carries out fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policy. In the fourth chapter, you learn about the current macroeconomic situation concerning the GDP situation, unemployment and especially about the extremely high inflation. After that the economic structure of Venezuela is described by subdividing it to the agricultural, industrial and service sector and a conclusion about the most significant branch in Venezuela, the oil industry. In the sixth chapter the international economic relations of Venezuela are presented by showing the main trade partners and the products which exchanged. Moreover the attractiveness for FDI is examined and I give a description about the reasons for emigration and besides about Venezuela’s participation in customs unions and free trade areas. I conclude the paper by giving my personal opinion about Venezuela’s major problems and potentials.
Author : Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Permanent Executive Committee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book Recent Developments in the Venezuelan Economy written by Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Permanent Executive Committee and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313059519
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Oil and Development in Venezuela during the 20th Century written by Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-05-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances the theory that a potential leading export sector—in this case, the oil sector—is capable of inducing economic growth even in peripheral countries where the product line is primary in nature. In Venezuela the oil sector has contributed directly and indirectly to the development of the country's overall economy, particularly from 1936 to 1973, when that sector met the criteria of a leading sector, i.e., one that expands rapidly and obtains a large specific size relative to the economy as a whole. Oil investment in Venezuela contributed to the fiscal sector, the foreign sector, GDP, income, backward and forward linkages, the multiplier and accelerator effects, and the retained value of total expenditures. In spite of recent efforts to diversify the production and export mix, the Venezuelan economy continues to remain heavily dependent on oil production for export. During the midcentury decades of solid growth, it became evident that government oversight was needed to ensure that the numerous contributions flowing from the oil sector would be put to good use. Overall, it appears that the contributions were well utilized by the Venezuelan government, although there was plenty of room for improvement. Income distribution problems and other social inequities continued to beset the development process, leaving the economy rigid and inflexible. Consequently, when the oil sector faltered (1974 to 2000), Venezuela was unable to shift into other product lines. Political disarray soon followed, and with it a pervasive aura of economic uncertainty that persists to this day.
Author : Bettina De Souza Guilherme
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030548953
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Financial Crisis Management and Democracy written by Bettina De Souza Guilherme and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses financial crisis management and policy in Europe and Latin America, with a special focus on equity and democracy. Based on a three-year research project by the Jean Monnet Network, this volume takes an interdisciplinary, comparative approach, analyzing both the role and impact of the EU and regional organizations in Latin America on crisis management as well as the consequences of crisis on the process of European integration and on Latin America’s regionalism. The book begins with a theoretical introduction, exploring the effects of the paradigm change on economic policies in Europe and in Latin America and analyzing key systemic aspects of the unsustainability of the present economic system explaining the global crises and their interconnections. The following chapters are divided into sections. The second section explores aspects of regional governance and how the economic and financial crises were managed on a macro level in Europe and Latin America. The third and fourth sections use case studies to drill down to the impact of the crises at the national and regional levels, including the emergence of political polarization and rise in populism in both areas. The last section presents proposals for reform, including the transition from finance capitalism to a sustainable real capitalism in both regions and at the inter-regional level of EU-LAC relations.The volume concludes with an epilogue on financial crises, regionalism, and domestic adjustment by Loukas Tsoukalis, President of the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). Written by an international network of academics, practitioners and policy advisors, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students interested in macroeconomics, comparative regionalism, democracy, and financial crisis management as well as politicians, policy advisors, and members of national and regional organizations in the EU and Latin America.
Author : Vitor Eduardo Schincariol
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030600831
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Society and Economy in Venezuela written by Vitor Eduardo Schincariol and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the economic policies adopted by the Bolivarian governments of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela between 1998 and 2018, and the economic and social results of these policies. The recent history of Venezuela has attracted much attention due to Chávez’s and Maduro’s self-declared search for socialism since the beginning of the 21st century and the economic trajectory of the country in this period, which experienced significant economic growth during the international oil boom in the first decade of the century, followed by a huge economic crisis in the second decade. The volume adopts an economic history approach, taking into account both economic and social variables to analyze the Venezuelan overall socio-economic performance since 1998. Drawing on official documents and statistics, as well as on the available literature, it presents an empirical analysis of Venezuelan economic and social histories during the Bolivarian period, describing and analyzing the achievements and limits of the policies adopted between 1998 and 2018. Society and Economy in Venezuela: An Overview of the Bolivarian Period (1998-2018) will be a useful introduction to sociologists, political economists, political scientists, economic historians and other social scientists interested in understanding the multiple interrelations between economy and society in Bolivarian Venezuela. “This book offers a thoughtful, committed and illuminating analysis of the socialist experiment in Venezuela. Its strengths and weaknesses are examined in unprecedented detail, in order to identify the drivers and limitation of 'socialism in the 21st century'. An essential work for scholars, students and citizens concerned with Venezuela.” – Alfredo Saad-Filho, King's College London
Author : Jonathan Di John
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271076909
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)
Download or read book From Windfall to Curse? written by Jonathan Di John and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of abundant oil resources in the 1920s, Venezuela has had an economically privileged position among the nations of Latin America, which has led to its being treated by economic and political analysts as an exceptional case. In her well-known study of Venezuela’s political economy, The Paradox of Plenty (1997), Stanford political scientist Terry Karl argued that this oil wealth induced extraordinary corruption, rent-seeking, and centralized intervention that resulted in restricting productivity and growth. What this and other studies of Venezuela’s economy fail to explain, however, is how such conditions have accompanied both growth and stagnation at different periods of Venezuela’s history and why countries experiencing similar levels of corruption and rent-seeking produce divergent developmental outcomes. By investigating the record of economic development in Venezuela from 1920 to the present, Jonathan Di John shows that the key to explaining why the economy performed much better between 1920 and 1980 than in the post-1980 period is to understand how political strategies interacted with economic strategies—specifically, how politics determined state capacity at any given time and how the stage of development and development strategies affected the nature of political conflicts. In emphasizing the importance of an approach that looks at the political economy, not just at the economy alone, Di John advances the field methodologically while he contributes to a long-needed history of Venezuela’s economic performance in the twentieth century.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 145184008X
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Venezuela written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-11-04 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews economic developments in Venezuela during 1995–97. The overall public sector balance shifted from a deficit of 7 percent of GDP in 1995 to a surplus of 71⁄4 percent of GDP in 1996. This massive swing was owing to a major increase in the underlying oil surplus, a decline in the non-oil underlying deficit, and the fact that virtually no financial assistance was provided to the banking system, compared with the cumulative 161⁄2 percent of GDP provided in 1994–95 in the context of the banking crisis.
Author : Miguel Tinker Salas
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822392232
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)
Download or read book The Enduring Legacy written by Miguel Tinker Salas and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2009-05-11 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil has played a major role in Venezuela’s economy since the first gusher was discovered along Lake Maracaibo in 1922. As Miguel Tinker Salas demonstrates, oil has also transformed the country’s social, cultural, and political landscapes. In The Enduring Legacy, Tinker Salas traces the history of the oil industry’s rise in Venezuela from the beginning of the twentieth century, paying particular attention to the experiences and perceptions of industry employees, both foreign and Venezuelan. He reveals how class ambitions and corporate interests combined to reshape many Venezuelans’ ideas of citizenship. Middle-class Venezuelans embraced the oil industry from the start, anticipating that it would transform the country by introducing modern technology, sparking economic development, and breaking the landed elites’ stranglehold. Eventually Venezuelan employees of the industry found that their benefits, including relatively high salaries, fueled loyalty to the oil companies. That loyalty sometimes trumped allegiance to the nation-state. North American and British petroleum companies, seeking to maintain their stakes in Venezuela, promoted the idea that their interests were synonymous with national development. They set up oil camps—residential communities to house their workers—that brought Venezuelan employees together with workers from the United States and Britain, and eventually with Chinese, West Indian, and Mexican migrants as well. Through the camps, the companies offered not just housing but also schooling, leisure activities, and acculturation into a structured, corporate way of life. Tinker Salas contends that these practices shaped the heart and soul of generations of Venezuelans whom the industry provided with access to a middle-class lifestyle. His interest in how oil suffused the consciousness of Venezuela is personal: Tinker Salas was born and raised in one of its oil camps.
Author : Gilad James, PhD
Publisher : Gilad James Mystery School
ISBN 13 : 0528266519
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (282 download)
Download or read book Introduction to Venezuela written by Gilad James, PhD and published by Gilad James Mystery School. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Venezuela is located on the northern coast of South America, covering an area of approximately 916,445 square kilometers. The country is known for its vast oil reserves, tropical climate, diverse wildlife, and beautiful landscapes. The population of the country is estimated to be around 28.5 million people, with majority of the population living in the urban areas. The official language spoken in Venezuela is Spanish and the currency is Bolivar. Despite being rich in natural resources, Venezuela has been struggling with political and economic turmoil in recent years. The country has been plagued with hyperinflation, political unrest, and shortages of basic necessities such as food and medicine. The current president, Nicolas Maduro, has been accused of authoritarianism and human rights violations, leading to widespread protests and international criticism. The future of Venezuela remains uncertain as the country continues to grapple with a challenging economic and political situation.
Author : Alina Böhm
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668907722
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (689 download)
Download or read book Venezuela. The path to Hyperinflation written by Alina Böhm and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Berlin, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to explain the reasons behind the upcoming hyperinflation of Venezuela. A country, which contains one of the biggest oil reserves in the world. The question, which I ́m discussing here is, how can it happen that a country with so many opportunities falls in such a big hole of poverty and famines. One of the major challenges the country faces is the strong dependence on their oil reserves. This based on the poorly managed political and social situation within the country in the past. The Venezuelan economy depends almost completely from the oil revenue is currently in a heavy crisis. Marked by Hyperinflation, which led among other things to supply bottlenecks, famines and a high poverty rate. The poverty rate increased from 2014 above 50% percent and in year 2016 it has reached about 80%. The prices for goods rose steadily from year to year, in 2013 the prices increases were about 41%, in 2016 already at 481% and in 2018 it reached 2,880%. Forecasted for 2019 is a price increase of 3,497%. The analysis of Venezuela ́s development includes the economic, social and political environment, to understand the path the country went to the hyperinflation. The rich oil-based country will reach an inflation rate above one million percent in 2018, according to the International Monetary Fund. They also announced that the low GDP continued to shrink by around 18%. The collapse of the economy, the scarcity of food and public goods like health services and electricity, as well as public transportation caused a huge wave of migration, wherefore other neighboring states also threatened to slide into a crisis. Therefore this paper has the intention to provide a better understanding of the process leading to hyperinflation in Venezuela. It ́s the best example to show how a country should not behave. An interplay between many different parameters, which causes grievances, where is everyone has been asking himself, how should a country emerge from this crisis?
Author : Paul J. Bergerson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Venezuela's Economic Development Over the Past Twenty Years and Its Financing by Petroleum Exports written by Paul J. Bergerson and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Oil in the Economic Development of Venezuela written by Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1976 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph reviewing the potentiality of the petroleum industry in Venezuela as a leading sector in economic development - examines the contribution of petroleum investment and tax revenues over the period from 1936 to 1973. References and statistical tables.
Author : Congressional Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781983825835
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Venezuela's Economic Crisis written by Congressional Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Venezuela is facing a political crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicol�s Maduro, who appears to have continued to consolidate power over the political opposition in recent months. Underpinning Venezuela's political crisis is an economic crisis. Venezuela is a major oil producer and exporter, and the 2014 crash in oil prices, combined with years of economic mismanagement, hit Venezuela's economy hard. Venezuela's economy has contracted by 35% since 2013, a larger contraction than experienced by the United States during the Great Depression. Venezuela is struggling with inflation, shortages of food and medicine, substantial budget deficits, and deteriorating living conditions with significant humanitarian consequences.In response to the Maduro regime's increasingly undemocratic actions, the Trump Administration imposed sanctions restricting Venezuela's access to U.S. financial markets in August 2017, increasing fiscal pressure on the government. In November 2017, the Venezuelan government announced it would seek to restructure its debt. The government and state-oil company, Petr�leos de Venezuela, S.A. (PdVSA), subsequently missed key bond payments, leading credit rating agencies to issue default notices. Debt restructuring is expected to be a long and complex process, and it is unclear whether Venezuela will make coming debt repayments. The outlook for the economy is bleak; the Economist Intelligence Unit forecasts the Venezuelan economy will contract by 11.9% in 2018.Implications for U.S. Economic InterestsThe political crisis in Venezuela and low oil prices have contributed to a contraction in U.S.-Venezuela trade. Venezuela is a relatively minor trading partner of the United States; the contraction in bilateral trade is more consequential for Venezuela, for which the United States is its largest trading partner. In response to the political and economic instability, several large U.S. companies have left Venezuela or curtailed operations there.U.S. investors holding Venezuelan and PdVSA bonds could face substantial losses if Venezuela suspends payment or seeks an aggressive restructuring of its debt. Bondholders are in the early stages of organizing to enter restructuring negotiations and/or pursue legal challenges against the Venezuelan government. Venezuelan dollar-denominated bonds were issued under New York law, and bondholder lawsuits seeking repayment would take place in U.S. courts. Legal challenges could result in the seizure of Venezuela's assets in the United States, such as CITGO (whose parent company is PdVSA), oil exports, and cash payments for oil exports.Venezuela's precarious fiscal position also raises concerns for U.S. energy security. In 2016, Venezuela's state oil company PdVSA secured a loan from the Russian state-oil company Rosneft. PdVSA used 49.9% of its shares in CITGO as collateral. If PdVSA defaults on its Rosneft loan, it is not clear whether Venezuela's portion of CITGO ownership would be transferred to Rosneft. Reportedly, Rosneft is negotiating to swap its collateral in CITGO for other PdVSA assets.Looking AheadCongress is considering providing humanitarian aid to Venezuela through nongovernmental organizations. If the Maduro government or a new government in Venezuela engages in a significant reorientation of policy, U.S. policymakers may be interested in providing broader economic support to rebuild Venezuela's economy. Policymakers might explore how the international community, particularly the International Monetary Fund (IMF), could provide an international financial assistance package, and whether debt incurred by the National Constituent Assembly, widely viewed as an illegitimate legislature, should be enforced. If the Maduro regime stays in power and does not reorient its policies, the United States may revisit its policies and potentially pursue harsher sanctions.
Author : John Friedmann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)
Download or read book Regional Development Policy written by John Friedmann and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press [1961]
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Economic Development of Venezuela written by World Bank and published by Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press [1961]. This book was released on 1961 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
