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Author : Andrew Newell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Distribution of Wages in Transition Countries written by Andrew Newell and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William R. Cline
Publisher : Peterson Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780881322163
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (221 download)
Download or read book Trade and Income Distribution written by William R. Cline and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 1997 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cline also finds that trade liberalization has tended to raise skilled wages rather than reduce unskilled wages. Moreover, its impact has probably been no larger than falling transport and communication costs. Most importantly for policy, model simulations for the future show more limited trade impact than in the past and little unequalizing impact of further trade liberalization. Book jacket."--Jacket.
Author : Wendy V. Cunningham
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082137012X
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)
Download or read book Minimum Wages and Social Policy written by Wendy V. Cunningham and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering evidence from both detailed individual country studies and homogenized statistics across the Latin American and Caribbean region, this book examines the impact of the minimum wage on wages, employment, poverty, income distribution and government budgets in the context of a large informal sector and predominantly unskilled workforces.
Author : Richard Charles Webb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (216 download)
Download or read book Wage Policy and Income Distribution in Developing Countries written by Richard Charles Webb and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jan J. Rutkowski
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Labor Market Developments During Economic Transition written by Jan J. Rutkowski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The paper reviews labor market developments in the transition economies of Europe and Central Asia. It argues that the scarcity of productive job opportunities and the growing labor market segmentation are the two main labor market problems facing the transition economies. In the European transition economies the lack of jobs has led to persistent open unemployment. In the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) it has led to hidden unemployment (underemployment and low productivity employment). Unemployment in the European transition economies is supported by the developed social safety net. In contrast, in the CIS for most workers unemployment is not an affordable option. They either stick to their old, unproductive jobs in unrestructured enterprises, or work in the informal sector, or resort to subsistence agriculture. Thus, underemployment in the CIS is a mirror image of unemployment in the European transition economies. Accordingly, the high employment-to-population ratios in many CIS countries do not necessarily signify favorable labor market performance. Instead they often indicate delayed enterprise restructuring, the maintenance of unsustainable jobs in uncompetitive firms, and the existence of a large informal sector as an employer of last resort. Labor market segmentation has been caused by a sharp increase in earnings differentials and the attendant increase in the incidence of low-paid jobs, by the polarization of regional labor market conditions, and finally by the growth of the informal sector offering casual, low-productivity jobs. Labor market segmentation and accompanying inequalities are more pronounced in the CIS than in the European transition economies. "--World Bank web site.
Author : Stephan Klasen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Growth, Income Distribution and Well-Being in Transition Countries written by Stephan Klasen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We apply several well-being measures that combine average income with a measure of inequality to international and intertemporal comparisons of well-being in transition countries. Our well-being measures drastically change the impression of levels and changes in well-being compared to a traditional reliance on income measures. Due to low inequality and moderate income levels, socialist countries enjoyed relatively high levels of economic well-being. In the transition process, rising inequality and falling incomes have led to a dramatic absolute decline in well-being and a considerable drop in relative well-being vis-a-vis non-transition countries. We also find a close correlation between income losses and inequality increases. While the transition has been successful in expanding political and civil rights, our indicators suggest that most transition countries are still below the level of economic well-being of the late 1980s.
Author : Jan J. Rutkowski
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821337509
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (375 download)
Download or read book Changes in the Wage Structure During Economic Transition in Central and Eastern Europe written by Jan J. Rutkowski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 336. Presents the results of consultative surveys undertaken in 36 rural and urban communities across Nigeria. The study examines the effectiveness and accountability of local institutions in local decisionmaking and participation, as well as some common limitations such as the narrowness of membership and goals and their limited technical and managerial capacities.
Author : Wendy V. Cunningham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9786610940486
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Minimum Wages and Social Policy written by Wendy V. Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering evidence from both detailed individual country studies and homogenized statistics across the Latin American and Caribbean region, this book examines the impact of the minimum wage on wages, employment, poverty, income distribution and government budgets in the context of a large informal sector and predominantly unskilled workforces.
Author : Hollis Burnley Chenery
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Redistribution with Growth written by Hollis Burnley Chenery and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Branko Milanovi?
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821339947
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (399 download)
Download or read book Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Author : Mr.Serhan Cevik
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513527878
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Taking Down the Wall: Transition and Inequality written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the main determinants of income inequality in transition countries during the period 1990–2018. To this end, we address a major methodological challenge that lies at the core of the cross-country literature on income inequality: the potential endogeneity of income growth, which is largely ignored by most empirical studies. We adopt a two-pronged empirical strategy by (i) using trading partners’ weighted average real GDP as an instrumental variable (IV), and (ii) estimating the model via the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach for static models and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator for dynamic models. Our empirical findings are consistent with the Kuznets curve that illustrates a nonlinear relationship between income inequality and the level of economic development. We also find that the redistributive impact of fiscal policy is statistically insignificant and taxation and government spending appear to have the opposing effects on income inequality in transition economies.
Author : Richard Sabot
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042970819X
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Migration And The Labor Market In Developing Countries written by Richard Sabot and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clarifies the linkages among income distribution, migration, surplus labor, and poverty in developing countries. It assesses the implications of different key characteristics of labor markets for the response of labor supply to the hiring of additional urban workers.
Author : Frances Stewart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Work, Income, and Inequality written by Frances Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph (essays) on the impact of payment systems on employment, income distribution and poverty in developing countries - examines land tenure in Iran, Islamic Republic, economic growth in the Philippines and Taiwan, China, public enterprise in Bangladesh, structural change and rural cooperatives in Peru, cooperative farming in Israel, rural development, collective farming in the USSR, etc., and discusses the influence of choice of technology and population growth as well as of the urban area informal sector. Diagrams, graphs and references.
Author : Lu Aiguo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230503896
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Poverty, Income Distribution and Well-Being in Asia During the Transition written by Lu Aiguo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2002-05-22 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asian road to the market has generally been seen as a model of success and the object of widespread admiration. This volume evaluates the actual experience and debunks some of the most widespread myths. It does so by identifying the link between alternative transition models, public policies and household responses on the one hand, and key welfare changes on the other. Even in countries experiencing sustained growth, there have been unmistakable signs of deep social strain.
Author : Vito Tanzi
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262201094
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Income Distribution and High-quality Growth written by Vito Tanzi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors argue that there need not be a trade-off between growth and equity in the long run. However, attempts by government to influence income distribution through large-scale tax and transfer programs can have a negative impact on growth. The contrast is vivid. While the majority of people in the industrial world and some in the developing world enjoy unprecedented affluence, a far greater number of people in the low-income countries live in abject poverty. Although several developing countries are achieving rapid economic growth and poverty reduction, most formerly centrally planned countries are struggling to implement market-oriented reforms in the midst of economic deterioration and rising poverty. The paramount importance of reducing poverty worldwide is forcing economists and policymakers to look at how income distribution and economic growth interact. The essays in this volume grew out of a 1995 conference sponsored by the International Monetary Fund. The contributors are scholars and policymakers from academic institutions, governments, and international organizations. The questions discussed include: How does income distribution interact with economic growth in the short run and the long run? To what extent can government use transfer programs to increase the incomes of the poor? How can government use social programs to help the poor increase their income-earning capacity? Does distributional inequality create an obstacle to long-term poverty reduction? Alternatively, is distributional inequality a necessary means of achieving economic growth? Generally, the contributors agree that there need not be a trade-off between growth and equity in the long run. However, attempts by government to influence income distribution through large-scale tax and transfer programs can have a negative impact on growth.
Author : William Loehr
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429706618
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)
Download or read book Economic Development, Poverty, And Income Distribution written by William Loehr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-10 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing inequality and poverty that seem inevitably to accompany economic growth in developing countries have become more and more evident in recent years. The search for development paths that lead to growth with equality—all too difficult to find—is now an area of central concern for development economists. One result of their concern is this volume, in which internationally known representatives of a range of disciplines address themselves to ways in which growth with equity might be successfully achieved. The book begins with both empirical and theoretical background to the development issues involved, and with an overview of the experience of the international development assistance community. focuses on operational definitions of the poor that will permit analytical, policy-oriented research to lead to useful conclusions. Specific concern is expressed for small-business owners, women, peasants, and recent migrants from rural to urban areas. The basic question, of course, is what can be done about poverty and inequality. includes suggestions for specific measures and provides a comprehensive comparison across a wide range of policy options. The book does not solve the problem, but it does point to directions that promise a reasonably high probability of success. And throughout, suggestions are made for the kind of interdisciplinary research required to raise that probability even further.
Author : Mr.Ke-young Chu
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
ISBN 13 : 9781451848281
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)
Download or read book Income Distribution and Tax and Government Social Spending Policies in Developing Countries written by Mr.Ke-young Chu and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews income distribution in developing (and transition) countries in recent decades. On average, before-tax income distribution in developing countries is less unequal than in industrial countries. However, unlike industrial countries, developing countries in general have not been able to use tax and transfer policies effectively to reduce income inequality. During the 1980s and 1990s, many developing countries experienced an increase in income inequality. The government health care and primary and secondary education programs in developing countries are not well targeted, but their incidence tends to be progressive.
