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The Detection Of Nonplanar Surfaces In Visual Space
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Book Synopsis The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space by : W. R. Uttal
Download or read book The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space written by W. R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984. This monograph is the third in a series that examines the nature of a midlevel visual process relatively uncontaminated by either peripheral receptor or central cognitive processing. The paradigm utilized in this study selectively assays what seems to be a relatively fixed algorithmic mechanism involved in the extraction of dotted stimulus-forms from masks consisting of random dots.
Book Synopsis The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space by :
Download or read book The Detection of Nonplanar Surfaces in Visual Space written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph presents the results of a series of 17 experiments designed to provide a partial answer to two questions concerning the detection of dotted forms in dotted visual masks: (1) What is the effect of the spatial geometry of three-dimensional, nonplanar forms on their detectability? (2) What is the effect on the signal-to-noise ratio on their detectability? The results of the study indicate that the spatial geometry exerts virtually no effect until a threshold level of geometrical complexity is exceeded by the stimulus forms. Beyond that threshold, the effects of form are significant but modest in absolute amplitude. The results further indicate that a putative large effect of form obtained with sinusoidal stimuli actually results form a violation of the Shannon-Weaver sampling theorem from information theory and is thus due to inadequate definition of the form rather than to the nature of the form. On the other hand, the signal-to-noise ration strongly influences detectability, regardless of whether it is manipulated by varying the number of dots in the stimulus-form or by varying the number of masking dots. This study failed to extend a highly successful autocorrelation-type theory from twp-dimensions to three-dimensions. The implications and background of this study are discussed in detail.
Book Synopsis On Seeing Forms by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book On Seeing Forms written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1988, this is the final volume in the set. The original intent of the tetralogy was to review neural explanations of high level perceptual and cognitive processes. However, at this point, it became clear that there were few neural explanations of perceptual topics – a situation that still persists today. This book, therefore, used a different framework examining the role of detection, discrimination, and recognition at the behavioral level.
Book Synopsis The Uttal Tetralogy of Cognitive Neuroscience by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book The Uttal Tetralogy of Cognitive Neuroscience written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2022-07-30 with total page 2995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These four volumes, originally published between 1973 and 1988, were intended to provide a broad survey of cognitive neuroscience, a field known variously as physiological psychology or psychobiology in the 1970s and 1980s when the books were written. The general goal was to summarize what was known about the relation between brain and mind at that time, with an emphasis on sensory and perceptual topics. Out of print for many years, the Tetralogy is now available again, as a set for the first time (which is as the author envisaged it), or as individual volumes.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Time, Space, and Number in Physics and Psychology (Psychology Revivals) by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book Time, Space, and Number in Physics and Psychology (Psychology Revivals) written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crux of the debate between proponents of behavioral psychology and cognitive psychology focuses on the issue of accessibility. Cognitivists believe that mental mechanisms and processes are accessible, and that their inner workings can be inferred from experimental observations of behavior. Behaviorists, on the contrary, believe that mental processes and mechanisms are inaccessible, and that nothing important about them can be inferred from even the most cleverly designed empirical studies. One argument that is repeatedly raised by cognitivists is that even though mental processes are not directly accessible, this should not be a barrier to unravelling the nature of the inner mental processes and mechanisms. Inference works for other sciences, such as physics, so why not psychology? If physics can work so successfully with their kind of inaccessibility to make enormous theoretical progress, then why not psychology? As with most previous psychological debates, there is no "killer argument" that can provide an unambiguous resolution. In its absence, author William Uttal explores the differing properties of physical and psychological time, space, and mathematics before coming to the conclusion that there are major discrepancies between the properties of the respective subject matters that make the analogy of comparable inaccessibilities a false one. This title was first published in 2008.
Book Synopsis Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments by : Stephen R. Ellis
Download or read book Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments written by Stephen R. Ellis and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Swimmer written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph describes a large programming project in which an underwater organism, capable of perceiving, learning, deciding, and navigating, is computationally simulated. The developed computational model serves as a contemporary theory of perceptual-motor performance, embodying much of what is known about human vision and some of what is known about other cognitive processes. This artificial intelligence project has substantial contributions to make to the development of autonomous underwater vehicles. It also makes a specific theoretical statement about the organization and nature of organic perceptual motor systems that may be useful to psychologists, neuroscientists, and theoreticians in a number of other fields.
Book Synopsis Computational, Geometric, and Process Perspectives on Facial Cognition by : Michael J. Wenger
Download or read book Computational, Geometric, and Process Perspectives on Facial Cognition written by Michael J. Wenger and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005-04-11 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last three decades, interest in the psychological experience of human faces has drawn together cognitive science researchers from diverse backgrounds. Computer scientists talk to neural scientists who draw on the work of mathematicians who explicitly influence those conducting behavioral experiments. The chapters in this volume illustrate the breadth of the research on facial perception and memory, with the emphasis being on mathematical and computational approaches. In pulling together these chapters, the editors sought to do much more than illustrate breadth. They endeavored as well to illustrate the synergies and tensions that inevitably result from adopting a broad view, one consistent with the emerging discipline of cognitive science.
Book Synopsis Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Mind and Brain by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book Mind and Brain written by William R. Uttal and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for mind-brain relationships, with a particular emphasis on distinguishing hyperbole from solid empirical results in brain imaging studies. Cognitive neuroscience explores the relationship between our minds and our brains, most recently by drawing on brain imaging techniques to align neural mechanisms with psychological processes. In Mind and Brain, William Uttal offers a critical review of cognitive neuroscience, examining both its history and modern developments in the field. He pays particular attention to the role of brain imaging—especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)—in studying the mind-brain relationship. He argues that, despite the explosive growth of this new mode of research, there has been more hyperbole than critical analysis of what experimental outcomes really mean. With Mind and Brain, Uttal attempts a synoptic synthesis of this substantial body of scientific literature. Uttal considers psychological and behavioral concerns that can help guide the neuroscientific discussion; work done before the advent of imaging systems; and what brain imaging has brought to recent research. Cognitive neuroscience, Uttal argues, is truly both cognitive and neuroscientific. Both approaches are necessary and neither is sufficient to make sense of the greatest scientific issue of all: how the brain makes the mind.
Book Synopsis Reliability in Cognitive Neuroscience by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book Reliability in Cognitive Neuroscience written by William R. Uttal and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive neuroscientists increasingly claim that brain images generated by new brain imaging technologies reflect, correlate, or represent cognitive processes. This book warns against these claims, arguing that, despite its utility in anatomic and physiological applications, brain imaging research has not provided consistent evidence for correlation with cognition. It bases this argument on a review of the empirical literature, pointing to variability in data not only among subjects within individual experiments but also in the meta-analytical approach that pools data from different experiments.
Book Synopsis The Neuron and the Mind by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book The Neuron and the Mind written by William R. Uttal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, a companion to William R. Uttal’s earlier work on macrotheories theories of mind-brain relationships, reviews another set of theories—those based on microneuronal measurements. Microneural theories maintain the integrity of individual neurons either in isolation or as participants in the great neuronal networks that make up the physical brain. Despite an almost universal acceptance by cognitive neuroscientists that the intangible mind must, in some way, be encoded by network states, Uttal shows that the problem of how the transformation occurs is not yet supported by empirical research findings at the micro as well as at the macro levels of analysis. Theories of the neuronal network survive more as metaphors than as robust explanations. This book also places special emphasis on the technological developments that stimulate these metaphors. A major conclusion drawn in this book is that it is not at all certain that the mind-brain problem is solvable in the sense that many other grand scientific problems are.
Book Synopsis A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years behaviorism was criticized because it rejected the study of perception. This rejection was based on the extreme view that percepts were internal subjective experiences and thus not subject to examination. This book argues that this logic is incorrect and shows how visual perception, particularized in the study of form recognition, can be carried out from the behavioral point of view if certain constraints and limitations are understood and accepted. The book discusses the idea of representation of forms, considers the major historical neural, psychological, and computational theories of form recognition, and then concludes by presenting a modern approach to the problem. In this book, William Uttal continues his critical analysis of the foundations of modern psychology. He is particularly concerned with the logical and conceptual foundations of visual perception and uses form recognition as a vehicle to rationalize the discrepancies between classic behaviorism and what we now appreciate are legitimate research areas.
Book Synopsis Neural Theories of Mind by : William R. Uttal
Download or read book Neural Theories of Mind written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating book, William R. Uttal raises the possibility that, however much we learn about the anatomy and physiology of the brain and psychology, we may never be able to cross the final bridge explaining how the mind is produced by the brain. Three main classes of mind-brain theory are considered and rejected: field theories, because they are based on a superficial analogy; single cell theories, because they emerge from a massive uncontrolled experimental program; and neural net theories, because they are constrained by combinatorial complexity. To support his argument, Uttal explores the empirical and conceptual foundations of these theoretical approaches and identifies flaws in their fundamental logic. The author concludes that the problems preventing solution of the mind-brain problem are intractable, yet well within the confines of natural science.
Download or read book Dualism written by William R. Uttal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-09-22 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directed to scholars and senior-level graduate students, this book is an iconoclastic survey of the history of dualism and its impact on contemporary cognitive psychology. It argues that much of modern cognitive or mentalist psychology is built upon a cryptodualism--the idea that the mind and brain can be thought of as independent entities. This dualism pervades so much of society that it covertly influences many aspects of modern science, particularly psychology. To support the argument, the history of dualism is extended over 100,000 years--from the Paleolithic times until modern philosophical and psychological thinking. The questions regarding this topic that are answered in the book are: 1) Does dualism influence the scientific theories of psychology? 2) If so, should dualism be put aside in the search for a more objective analysis of human mentation?
Download or read book Psychomythics written by William R. Uttal and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychology deals with the most complex subject matter of any science. As such, it is subject to misunderstandings, artifacts, and just simple errors of data, logic, and interpretation. This book teases out the details of some of the sources of these errors. It considers errors in psychological data and theories that arise from confusing endogenous and exogenous causal forces in perceptual research, misinterpreting the effects of inevitable natural laws as psychological phenomena, improper application of statistics and measurement, and flawed assumptions. Examples of each of these sources of error are presented and discussed. Finally, the book concludes that a return to a revitalized kind of behaviorism is preferred, rather than continuing on the current cognitive path.
