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The Design And Construction Of A Bose Einstein Condensation Apparatus Microform
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Author :Ana Jofre Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 :9780612918122 Total Pages :366 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (181 download)
Book Synopsis The Design and Construction of a Bose-Einstein Condensation Apparatus [microform] by : Ana Jofre
Download or read book The Design and Construction of a Bose-Einstein Condensation Apparatus [microform] written by Ana Jofre and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the design and construction of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) apparatus at the University of Toronto. The aim of the experiment is to create a Bose-Einstein condensate out of a vapour cloud of 87Rb atoms using a combination of laser cooling, magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling. The design and construction of all of the constituent parts necessary for the realization of these techniques are described in this work. The apparatus consists of two magneto-optical traps (MOTs, whereby the atoms are collected from a background vapour into the first MOT, and then transferred into the second MOT, which is in a region of ultra-high vacuum (
Book Synopsis A New Apparatus for Experiments with Caesium Bose-Einstein Condensates by : Craig David Colquhoun
Download or read book A New Apparatus for Experiments with Caesium Bose-Einstein Condensates written by Craig David Colquhoun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis reports on the design and construction of an experimental apparatus capable of generating Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of spin-polarised caesium-133 atoms. Caesium condensates offer excellent control over interatomic interactions due to the rich landscape of low-field magnetic Feshbach resonances, which enables the study of quantum gases in attractive and repulsive interaction regimes. An ultra-high vacuum system, laser systems and magnetic field coils were assembled to trap and cool the atoms from room temperature to temperatures on the order of 1 nK. Absorption imaging was implemented as a means to detect the number and density distribution of the atoms. Laser cooling and trapping methods are introduced, and the effects of each cooling stage on the gas are demonstrated. The final cooling stage, evaporative cooling, is presented by way of examining the gas after it has undergone each evaporation phase so we observe the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation. Evaporative cooling produces BECs containing on the order of 2×105 atoms, with a condensate fraction of 0.48. We demonstrate that the atom number can be fine-tuned by removal of the most thermal atoms in the trap. We also exhibit our ability to observe expanding condensates in a guiding beam for durations of up to 1 s, and our ability to cause the condensate to implode, by tuning interactions. Measuring the temperature of the gas in sub-nK regimes is currently a challenge when using traditional time-of-flight thermometry. Some modifications to the apparatus have been described, that would permit thermometry using dilute caesium atoms in a different spin state to probe the main gas.
Book Synopsis Construction of Apparatus and First Experiments Investigating Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Disordered Optical Lattices by : Emily E. Edwards
Download or read book Construction of Apparatus and First Experiments Investigating Dynamics of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Disordered Optical Lattices written by Emily E. Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation of 87Rb in a Time-orbiting Potential Trap by : Mirco Siercke
Download or read book Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation of 87Rb in a Time-orbiting Potential Trap written by Mirco Siercke and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 87Rubidium Bose-Einstein Condensates by : Erik William Streed
Download or read book 87Rubidium Bose-Einstein Condensates written by Erik William Streed and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis details construction of a new apparatus for the production of 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates and a subsequent quantum Zeno effect experiment. An experimental apparatus for producing large Bose-Einstein condensates of 87Rb is described in detail. A high flux thermal atomic beam is decelerated by a Zeeman slower and is then captured and cooled in a magneto-optical trap. The atoms are then transfered into a cloverleaf style Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic trap and cooled to quantum degeneracy with radio frequency induced forced evaporation. Condensates containing up to 20 million atoms can be produced every few minutes. The quantum Zeno effect is the suppression of transitions between quantum states by frequent measurement. Oscillation between two ground hyperfine states of a magnetically trapped 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate, externally driven at a transition rate WR, was substantially suppressed by destructively measuring one of the levels with resonant optical scattering. While an ideal continuous measurement will stop the transition, any real measurement method will occur at a finite rate. The suppression of the transition rate in the two level system was quantified for pulsed measurements with a time between pulses t and weak continuous measurements with a scattering rate y. We observe that the weak continuous measurements exhibit the same suppression in the transition rate as the pulsed measurements when ySt = 3.60(0.43). This is in agreement with the previously predicted value of 4. Increasing the measurement frequency suppressed the transition rate to 0.005WR.
Book Synopsis Electronic Control of a New Apparatus for Studying Bose-Einstein Condensation by : Jeffrey Chen Gore
Download or read book Electronic Control of a New Apparatus for Studying Bose-Einstein Condensation written by Jeffrey Chen Gore and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Rubidium-87 in a Time-Orbiting Potential Trap by : Mirco Siercke
Download or read book Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Rubidium-87 in a Time-Orbiting Potential Trap written by Mirco Siercke and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of an apparatus capable of producing Bose-Einstein condensates marks a significant milestone in every experimental cold atom laboratory. In this thesis I describe the development of a system to create a Bose-Einstein condensate of 87RB in a Time-Orbiting Potential trap.I review the optical and magnetic techniques required to trap and cool an atomic sample under vacuum, motivating our decision to build a double MOT system comprised of a high-pressure (10-9 torr) chamber to gather atoms and a low-pressure (10-11 torr) chamber to cool atoms to degeneracy.By theoretically modeling the atom number and temperature inside the magnetic trap during evaporative cooling I demonstrate a simple approach to determining a cooling path that reaches the transition temperature. By making use of the condensates produced under these non-optimized conditions I determine the heating rate of the condensate in the TOP trap to be 300 nK/s. I further use the condensates to make a more precise measurement of the TOP trap bias field.I improve upon the conventional evaporation path used in TOP trap experiments by introducing and optimizing additional bias field compression stages in between RF evaporation ramps. I demonstrate how, by adding these additional stages, the system is capable of reaching the BEC phase transition with a final atom number of 2x 105. In contrast, RF evaporation after only a single bias field ramp has yielded condensates with only 30 x 103 atoms.
Book Synopsis Vortex Formation by Merging and Interference of Multiple Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates by : David Rene Scherer
Download or read book Vortex Formation by Merging and Interference of Multiple Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates written by David Rene Scherer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An apparatus for producing atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of 87-Rb atoms is described. The apparatus produces 87-Rb BECs in a dual-chamber vacuumsystem that incorporates magnetic transport of trapped atoms from the magneto-optical trapping cell to the BEC production cell via the operation of a series of overlapping magnet coils. The design, construction, and operation of the apparatus are described in detail. The apparatus is used to study the creation of quantized vortices in BECs by the merging and interference of multiple trapped condensates. In this experiment, a single harmonic potential well is partitioned into three sections by an optical barrier, enabling the simultaneous formation of three independent, uncorrelated BECs. The BECs may either merge together during their growth, or, for high-energy barriers, the BECs can be merged together by barrier removal after their formation. Either process may instigate vortex formation in the resulting BEC, depending on the initially indeterminate relative phases of the condensates and the merging rate.
Book Synopsis Realization of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensation Experiment by : Daniel Benedicto Orenes
Download or read book Realization of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensation Experiment written by Daniel Benedicto Orenes and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to the construction, optimization and characterization of an experimental apparatus, capable of creating spinor condensates of ~1x10^5 atoms with a repetition rate of 10s, using an all-optical evaporation technique. I report a complete description of the experimental apparatus and techniques used in the experiment and a characterization of the BEC sample. We study the transmission of absorption imaging pictures through a coherent fiber bundle. We show that the fiber bundle introduces spurious noise in the picture mainly due to the strong core-to-core coupling. We demonstrate that we can retrieve exact quantitative information about the atomic system using this technique. We also explore the equilibration dynamics of ferromagnetic spin-1 system as a function of the initial magnetization of the sample and the external magnetic field. We show that the magnetization of the system is conserved despite of the presence of dissipative processes that are intrinsic to any experiment. We investigated the formation of the BEC in a spin-1 quantum gas in the presence of an external magnetic field. We report on the spontaneous magnetization of the condensate fraction during the evaporation process at low magnetic fields. We as well observe multi-step condensation, and found signatures of a possible interspecies Feshbach resonance.
Author :Haljan, Paul C Publisher :Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :362 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (563 download)
Book Synopsis Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate [microform] by : Haljan, Paul C
Download or read book Vortices in a Bose-Einstein Condensate [microform] written by Haljan, Paul C and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bose-Einstein Condensate Wavefunction Reconstruction Through Collisions with Optical Potentials by : Christopher William Ellenor
Download or read book Bose-Einstein Condensate Wavefunction Reconstruction Through Collisions with Optical Potentials written by Christopher William Ellenor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Physics at the Limits by : Hartmut Figger
Download or read book Laser Physics at the Limits written by Hartmut Figger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.
Book Synopsis Atoms, Molecules and Photons by : Wolfgang Demtröder
Download or read book Atoms, Molecules and Photons written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to Atomic and Molecular Physics explains how our present model of atoms and molecules has been developed over the last two centuries both by many experimental discoveries and, from the theoretical side, by the introduction of quantum physics to the adequate description of micro-particles. It illustrates the wave model of particles by many examples and shows the limits of classical description. The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atoms and molecules and its potential for spectroscopy is outlined in more detail and in particular lasers as modern spectroscopic tools are discussed more thoroughly. Many examples and problems with solutions are offered to encourage readers to actively engage in applying and adapting the fundamental physics presented in this textbook to specific situations. Completely revised third edition with new sections covering all actual developments, like photonics, ultrashort lasers, ultraprecise frequency combs, free electron lasers, cooling and trapping of atoms, quantum optics and quantum information.
Book Synopsis A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology by : David R. Lide
Download or read book A Century of Excellence in Measurements, Standards, and Technology written by David R. Lide and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Established by Congress in 1901, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), now the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has a long and distinguished history as the custodian and disseminator of the United States' standards of physical measurement. Having reached its centennial anniversary, the NBS/NIST reflects on and celebrates its first century with this book describing some of its seminal contributions to science and technology. Within these pages are 102 vignettes that describe some of the Institute's classic publications. Each vignette relates the context in which the publication appeared, its impact on science, technology, and the general public, and brief details about the lives and work of the authors. The groundbreaking works depicted include: A breakthrough paper on laser-cooling of atoms below the Doppler limit, which led to the award of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics to William D. Phillips The official report on the development of the radio proximity fuse, one of the most important new weapons of World War II The 1932 paper reporting the discovery of deuterium in experiments that led to Harold Urey's1934 Nobel Prize for Chemistry A review of the development of the SEAC, the first digital computer to employ stored programs and the first to process images in digital form The first paper demonstrating that parity is not conserved in nuclear physics, a result that shattered a fundamental concept of theoretical physics and led to a Nobel Prize for T. D. Lee and C. Y. Yang "Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Dilute Atomic Vapor," a 1995 paper that has already opened vast new areas of research A landmark contribution to the field of protein crystallography by Wlodawer and coworkers on the use of joint x-ray and neutron diffraction to determine the structure of proteins
Book Synopsis The Physics of Semiconductors by : Marius Grundmann
Download or read book The Physics of Semiconductors written by Marius Grundmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-06 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 4th edition of this highly successful textbook features copious material for a complete upper-level undergraduate or graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a specialized topic and begin supervised research. The textbook provides an integrated approach beginning from the essential principles of solid-state and semiconductor physics to their use in various classic and modern semiconductor devices for applications in electronics and photonics. The text highlights many practical aspects of semiconductors: alloys, strain, heterostructures, nanostructures, amorphous semiconductors, and noise, which are essential aspects of modern semiconductor research but often omitted in other textbooks. This textbook also covers advanced topics, such as Bragg mirrors, resonators, polarized and magnetic semiconductors, nanowires, quantum dots, multi-junction solar cells, thin film transistors, and transparent conductive oxides. The 4th edition includes many updates and chapters on 2D materials and aspects of topology. The text derives explicit formulas for many results to facilitate a better understanding of the topics. Having evolved from a highly regarded two-semester course on the topic, The Physics of Semiconductors requires little or no prior knowledge of solid-state physics. More than 2100 references guide the reader to historic and current literature including original papers, review articles and topical books, providing a go-to point of reference for experienced researchers as well.
Book Synopsis A History of Thermodynamics by : Ingo Müller
Download or read book A History of Thermodynamics written by Ingo Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an easy to read, all-embracing history of thermodynamics. It describes the long development of thermodynamics, from the misunderstood and misinterpreted to the conceptually simple and extremely useful theory that we know today. Coverage identifies not only the famous physicists who developed the field, but also engineers and scientists from other disciplines who helped in the development and spread of thermodynamics as well.
Book Synopsis Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials by : Antoni Planes
Download or read book Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials written by Antoni Planes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetism and Structure in Functional Materials addresses three distinct but related topics: (i) magnetoelastic materials such as magnetic martensites and magnetic shape memory alloys, (ii) the magnetocaloric effect related to magnetostructural transitions, and (iii) colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and related manganites. The goal is to identify common underlying principles in these classes of materials that are relevant for optimizing various functionalities. The emergence of apparently different magnetic/structural phenomena in disparate classes of materials clearly points to a need for common concepts in order to achieve a broader understanding of the interplay between magnetism and structure in this general class of new functional materials exhibiting ever more complex microstructure and function. The topic is interdisciplinary in nature and the contributors correspondingly include physicists, materials scientists and engineers. Likewise the book will appeal to scientists from all these areas.
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