The Demography Of Tuberculosis In California In A Time Of Transition

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The Demography of Tuberculosis in California in a Time of Transition

Author : Peter K. Oh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (919 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demography of Tuberculosis in California in a Time of Transition by : Peter K. Oh

Download or read book The Demography of Tuberculosis in California in a Time of Transition written by Peter K. Oh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the relationships between immigration and the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) disease and prevalence of TB infection in California and in the United States (U.S.). The majority of TB cases in California occur among foreign-born persons from countries with high TB burdens. Although the incidence of TB is declining, the decline among immigrants has stalled, and relationships of this trend with changes in immigration patterns are not well characterized. Census data suggest that immigration to California has undergone notable transitions since the 1990s that have shaped the volume, demographic and socioeconomic composition of immigration streams to the state. The first two papers of this dissertation explore the relationships between changes in immigration and the incidence of TB using the decomposition method, and an innovative application of cohort analysis. The third paper examines the only nationally representative survey of new immigrants in the U.S. to determine gaps in TB screening and to assess the prevalence and risk of latent TB infection (LTBI) in immigrant subgroups by country of origin. This unique data source allowed for the assessment of important immigration, health, and socioeconomic variables. The decomposition of the recent decline in the incidence of TB among the foreign-born in California shows that changes in the population composition associated with immigration shifts made a modest contribution to the decline, with the majority of the decline due to group-specific declines in rates. There was a notable difference between Hispanics/Latinos and Asians/Pacific Islanders, whereby the impact of immigration shifts was much greater in the former group. The cohort analysis shows that waves of immigration have had varying impacts on the incidence of TB in California, some cohorts contributing to increasing incidence, and others to decreasing incidence. This suggests that the slowing in the decline of the incidence of TB may be due, in part, to immigration cohort entry effects. Identifying cohorts with elevated risk of TB can help develop and test hypotheses on the epidemiologic reasons for the observed effects, and can provide an evidence base for selecting demographic subgroups in which to prioritize TB screening. The TB screening uptake and TB prevalence analysis confirmed gaps in testing for TB that varied significantly by country of origin. Substantial variation in the prevalence and risk of LTBI was also found, which may inform public health efforts to prioritize the targeted testing and treatment to specific subgroups of highest risk.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Author : King K. Holmes
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805253
Total Pages : 1027 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

The Demographic Dividend

Author : David Bloom
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833033735
Total Pages : 127 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demographic Dividend by : David Bloom

Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133181
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Population Biology of Tuberculosis

Author : Christopher Dye
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691154627
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Population Biology of Tuberculosis by : Christopher Dye

Download or read book The Population Biology of Tuberculosis written by Christopher Dye and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite decades of developments in immunization and drug therapy, tuberculosis remains among the leading causes of human mortality, and no country has successfully eradicated the disease. Reenvisioning tuberculosis from the perspective of population biology, this book examines why the disease is so persistent and what must be done to fight it. Treating tuberculosis and its human hosts as dynamic, interacting populations, Christopher Dye seeks new answers to key questions by drawing on demography, ecology, epidemiology, evolution, and population genetics. Dye uses simple mathematical models to investigate how cases and deaths could be reduced, and how interventions could lead to TB elimination. Dye's analysis reveals a striking gap between the actual and potential impact of current interventions, especially drug treatment, and he suggests placing more emphasis on early case detection and the treatment of active or incipient tuberculosis. He argues that the response to disappointingly slow rates of disease decline is not to abandon long-established principles of chemotherapy, but to implement them with greater vigor. Summarizing epidemiological insights from population biology, Dye stresses the need to take a more inclusive view of the factors that affect disease, including characteristics of the pathogen, individuals and populations, health care systems, and physical and social environments. In broadening the horizons of TB research, The Population Biology of Tuberculosis demonstrates what must be done to prevent, control, and defeat this global threat in the twenty-first century.

The Global Burden of Disease

Author : Christopher J. L. Murray
Publisher : Harvard School of Public Health, Frangois-Xavier Bagnoud Cen
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Burden of Disease by : Christopher J. L. Murray

Download or read book The Global Burden of Disease written by Christopher J. L. Murray and published by Harvard School of Public Health, Frangois-Xavier Bagnoud Cen. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) provides systematic epidemiological estimates for an unprecedented 150 major health conditions. The GBD provides indispensable global and regional data for health planning, research, and education.

The Continuing Demographic Transition

Author : G. W. Jones
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191584517
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Continuing Demographic Transition by : G. W. Jones

Download or read book The Continuing Demographic Transition written by G. W. Jones and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1998-01-29 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the perspective of human society, one of the most significant occurrences of the twentieth century has been the demographic transition —- the movement from tragic and wastefully high death and birth rates to low rates in many countries. Many other countries, however, are still at only the early or intermediate stages of this process. In these countries, means need to be found to accelerate the transition. This book brings new evidence to bear on aspects of the demographic trasition, with contributions from leading demographers, anthropologists, sociologists, and historians. The book ranges widely over the history and current experience of both developed and developing countries, with particular emphasis on Asia and Africa. The new field of anthropological demography is strongly represented, with contributions challenging much conventional wisdom.

Preventing HIV Transmission

Author : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309176212
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing HIV Transmission by : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Preventing HIV Transmission written by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.

Ending Neglect

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171946
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Neglect by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ending Neglect written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.

Capitalizing on the Demographic Transition

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821387251
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Capitalizing on the Demographic Transition by :

Download or read book Capitalizing on the Demographic Transition written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-06-02 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing life expectancy in South Asia is resulting in a demographic transition that can, under the right circumstances, yield dividends through more favorable dependency ratios for a time. With aging, the disease burden shifts toward noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which can threaten healthy aging. However, securing the gains expected from the demographic dividend-where developing countries' working and nondependent population increases and per capita income thus rises- is both achievable and affordable through efficiently tacking NCDs with prevention and control efforts. This book looks primarily at cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tobacco use since they account for a disproportionate amount of the NCD burden-the focus is strategic, rather than comprehensive. The goal of this book is to encourage countries to develop, adopt, and implement effective and timely country and, where appropriate, regional responses that reduce both population-level risk factors and the NCD burden. The work develops (i) an NCD burden and risk factor profile for all countries and the region as a whole; (ii) a rationale for public policy and action for NCDs; (iii) a framework to guide the formulation of public policies and strategies for NCDs; (iv) a country profile, including capacity and ongoing NCD activities, as well as policy options and actions for NCDs that will help stimulate policy dialogue within and among countries; and (v) a regional strategy for NCD prevention and control where regional collaboration offers added value. The achievements of this book are (i) developing a framework for policy options to identify key areas for strategic country- and regional-level policy and actions; (ii) bringing together demographic and aging trends, disease and risk factor burden data, alongside analyses of capacities and accomplishments to tackle NCDs; and (iii) using these inputs to develop policy options for country and regional strategies.

Families Caring for an Aging America

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309448093
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Families Caring for an Aging America by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Families Caring for an Aging America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.

Demography - Volume II

Author : Zeng Yi
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848263082
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography - Volume II by : Zeng Yi

Download or read book Demography - Volume II written by Zeng Yi and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeng Yi is a Professor at the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatric Division / Dept of Medicine of Medical School, and Institute of Population Research and Dept. of Sociology, Duke University. He is also a Professor at the China Center for Economic Research, National School of Development at Peking University in China, and Distinguished Research Scholar of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (MPIDR) in Germany. He received his doctoral degree from Brussels Free University in May 1986, and conducted post-doctoral study at Princeton University in 1986-87. Up to Feb. 2008, he has had 81 professional articles written in English published in academic journals or as book chapters in the United States and Europe; among them, 51 articles were published in anonymous, peer-reviewed academic journals. He has had 85 professional articles written in Chinese and published in China; among them, 55 articles were published in national top Chinese academic journals. He has published sixteen books, including five research books (as first author), such as “Family Dynamics in China,” published by the University of Wisconsin Press; one textbook on demographic methods (as the sole author); two volumes of demographic software and user’s manuals (as the first author) on family status life table analysis; six edited books (four as the chief editor, and two as the second editor), such as the 2005 and 2008 books published by Springer for which he served as the chief editor. Six of Zeng Yi’s published books were written in English, one was written in both Chinese and English, and the remainders were written in Chinese. Zeng Yi has been awarded more than ten national and international academic prizes, such as the Dorothy Thomas Prize of the Population Association of America, the Harold D. Lasswell Prize in Policy Science awarded by the international journal Policy Sciences and Kluwer Academic Publishers, the second-class prize for advancement of science and technology awarded by the State Sciences and Technology Commission of China, the first-class prize for advancement of science and technology awarded by the State Education Commission, and the highest academic honor of Peking University: "Prize for Outstanding Contributions in Sciences." According to the search report, up to March 1, 2008, the internationally most important literature sources SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) and SCI (Science Citation Index), published in the U.S., indicate that Zeng Yi’s articles and books have been cited in 755 journal articles by authors other than Zeng Yi. Among them, 440 citations refer to the work of Zeng Yi as the first author; 315 citations refer to the work of Zeng Yi as a co-author. Zeng Yi is one of the authors of “High Impact Papers” worldwide in the period of 1981 -1998, as announced by International Scientific Institute (ISI) in September, 2000.

Global Tuberculosis Report 2019

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789241565714
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Tuberculosis Report 2019 written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHO has published a global TB report every year since 1997. The main aim of the report is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic, and of progress in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease, at global, regional and country levels. This is done in the context of recommended global TB strategies and targets endorsed by WHO?s Member States, broader development goals set by the United Nations (UN) and targets set in the political declaration at the first UN high-level meeting on TB (held in September 2018). The 2019 edition of the global TB report was released on 17 October 2019. The data in this report are updated annually. Please note that direct comparisons between estimates of TB disease burden in the latest report and previous reports are not appropriate. The most recent time-series of estimates are published in the 2019 global TB report.

Global Trends 2040

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

The Role of Medicine

Author : Thomas McKeown
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400854628
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Medicine by : Thomas McKeown

Download or read book The Role of Medicine written by Thomas McKeown and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In analyzing the factors that have improved health and enhanced longevity during the last three centuries, Thomas McKeown contends that nutritional, environmental, and behavioral changes have been and will be more important than specific medical measures, especially clinical or curative" measures. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Author : Roger Detels
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019881013X
Total Pages : 1717 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health by : Roger Detels

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 1717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline