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The Concept Of The Relevant Product Market
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Book Synopsis The Concept of the Relevant Product Market by : Franz Jürgen Säcker
Download or read book The Concept of the Relevant Product Market written by Franz Jürgen Säcker and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proper definition of the relevant product market still is the lynchpin of competition law: defining the market too wide makes it impossible to capture the companies' behavioural margins that are the result of market power and are not neutralized by competition; defining the market too narrow creates market power and forces undertakings under the application of Art. 82 EC, Art. 2 ECMR, § 19 German Competition Act. In European and German competition law the aspect of demand-side substitutability has been the most important criterion. The meaning of potential competition and especially of supply-side substitutability has not been systematically grasped. The book therefore re-thinks the relevant questions of proper market definition.
Book Synopsis The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law by : Daniel Gore
Download or read book The Economic Assessment of Mergers Under European Competition Law written by Daniel Gore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a clear, concise and practical overview of the key economic techniques and evidence employed in European merger control.
Book Synopsis The concept of the relevant product market in economics and law by : John Joseph Wieferman
Download or read book The concept of the relevant product market in economics and law written by John Joseph Wieferman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Definition of the Relevant Market by : Hila Nevo
Download or read book Definition of the Relevant Market written by Hila Nevo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market definition plays a critical role in EC competition law, as the first step of any investigation into the nature of competition in a given industry. While not an end in itself, definition of the relevant market serves to identify those products and areas which effectively restrain the behaviour of the firms of interest, such that those firms cannot act independently within the market. However, the main challenge in this process is to outline which products should be included within the market, and which should be left outside its bounds. Whereas traditional market definitions highlight product characteristics, functionality and intended use as key provisions, modern competition-law inquiries attempt to reformulate the market delineation exercise in more economic terms. This book strives for a greater harmony between law and economics in defining antitrust markets.
Book Synopsis Competition Law’s Innovation Factor by : Viktoria H S E Robertson
Download or read book Competition Law’s Innovation Factor written by Viktoria H S E Robertson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, market definition has come under attack as an analytical tool of competition law. Scholars have increasingly questioned its usefulness and feasibility. That criticism comes into sharper relief in dynamic, innovation-driven markets, which do not correspond to the static markets on which the concept of the relevant market was modelled. This book explores that controversy from a comparative legal perspective, taking into account both EU competition and US antitrust law. It examines the manifold ways in which courts and competition authorities in the EU and US have factored innovation-related considerations into market delineation, covering: innovative product markets, product differentiation, future markets, issues going beyond market definition proper – such as innovation competition, innovation markets and potential competition –, intellectual property rights, innovative aftermarkets and multi-sided platforms. This book finds that going forward, the role of market definition in dynamic contexts needs to focus on its function of market characterisation rather than on the assessment of market power.
Book Synopsis Competition Policy by : Massimo Motta
Download or read book Competition Policy written by Massimo Motta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-12 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a systematic treatment of the economics of antitrust (or competition policy) in a global context. It draws on the literature of industrial organisation and on original analyses to deal with such important issues as cartels, joint-ventures, mergers, vertical contracts, predatory pricing, exclusionary practices, and price discrimination, and to formulate policy implications on these issues. The interaction between theory and practice is one of the main features of the book, which contains frequent references to competition policy cases and a few fully developed case studies. The treatment is written to appeal to practitioners and students, to lawyers and economists. It is not only a textbook in economics for first year graduate or advanced undergraduate courses, but also a book for all those who wish to understand competition issues in a clear and rigorous way. Exercises and some solved problems are provided.
Book Synopsis Market definition and market power in the platform economy by : Jens-Uwe Franck
Download or read book Market definition and market power in the platform economy written by Jens-Uwe Franck and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE). This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of digital platforms and the natural tendency of markets involving platforms to become concentrated, competition authorities and courts are more frequently in a position to investigate and decide merger and abuse cases that involve platforms. This report provides guidance on how to define markets and on how to assess market power when dealing with two-sided platforms. DEFINITION Competition authorities and courts are well advised to uniformly use a multi-markets approach when defining markets in the context of two-sided platforms. The multi-markets approach is the more flexible instrument compared to the competing single-market approach that defines a single market for both sides of a platform, as the former naturally accounts for different substitution possibilities by the user groups on the two sides of the platform. While one might think of conditions under which a single-market approach could be feasible, the necessary conditions are so severe that it would only be applicable under rare circumstances. To fully appreciate business activities in platform markets from a competition law point of view, and to do justice to competition law’s purpose, which is to protect consumer welfare, the legal concept of a “market” should not be interpreted as requiring a price to be paid by one party to the other. It is not sufficient to consider the activities on the “unpaid side” of the platform only indirectly by way of including them in the competition law analysis of the “paid side” of the platform. Such an approach would exclude certain activities and ensuing positive or negative effects on consumer welfare altogether from the radar of competition law. Instead, competition practice should recognize straightforwardly that there can be “markets” for products offered free of charge, i.e. without monetary consideration by those who receive the product. ASSESSMENT The application of competition law often requires an assessment of market power. Using market shares as indicators of market power, in addition to all the difficulties in standard markets, raises further issues for two-sided platforms. When calculating revenue shares, the only reasonable option is to use the sum of revenues on all sides of the platform. Then, such shares should not be interpreted as market shares as they are aggregated over two interdependent markets. Large revenue shares appear to be a meaningful indicator of market power if all undertakings under consideration serve the same sides. However, they are often not meaningful if undertakings active in the relevant markets follow different business models. Given potentially strong cross-group external effects, market shares are less apt in the context of two-sided platforms to indicate market power (or the lack of it). Barriers to entry are at the core of persistent market power and, thus, the entrenchment of incumbent platforms. They deserve careful examination by competition authorities. Barriers to entry may arise due to users’ coordination failure in the presence of network effect. On two-sided platforms, users on both sides of the market have to coordinate their expectations. Barriers to entry are more likely to be present if an industry does not attract new users and if it does not undergo major technological change. Switching costs and network effects may go hand in hand: consumer switching costs sometimes depend on the number of platform users and, in this case, barriers to entry from consumer switching costs increase with platform size. Since market power is related to barriers to entry, the absence of entry attempts may be seen as an indication of market power. However, entry threats may arise from firms offering quite different services, as long as they provide a new home for users’ attention and needs.
Book Synopsis Defining the Relevant Market in Function of Managing Competition Policy by : Dragan Benazić
Download or read book Defining the Relevant Market in Function of Managing Competition Policy written by Dragan Benazić and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of market power of a firm or a group of firms and the prevention of its negative effect on the other market participants requires a previous definition of the relevant market. The relevant market represents a group of products or geographical areas that render it impossible for a potential monopolist or a group of companies to profitably raise the price of a product and in such a manner show their market power. There are numerous approaches that may be used when defining relevant market. The competition policy decision makers should be well acquainted with the benefits and the drawbacks of each concept in order to be able to bring proper competition policy decisions. The competition law most frequently uses the concept of interchangeability of supply and demand to define a market, whereby a market is defined on the basis of a hypothetical monopolist test. An accurate definition of the market requires, through the application of the mentioned test, the parallel analysis of specific factors such as: the characteristics of the product, the method of use and the preferences of the consumers, the costs of transport, the existence of primary and secondary markets, the market asymmetry and consistency of market definitions over time.
Author :Frank Fishwick Publisher :Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities ISBN 13 : Total Pages :194 pages Book Rating :4.X/5 (1 download)
Book Synopsis Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy by : Frank Fishwick
Download or read book Definition of the Relevant Market in Community Competition Policy written by Frank Fishwick and published by Luxembourg : Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 1986 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Market Definition in EU Competition Law by : Miguel Sousa Ferro
Download or read book Market Definition in EU Competition Law written by Miguel Sousa Ferro and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The maintenance of a fair, competitive market among member states is critical to the functioning of the EU economy. In this book, the first comprehensive, unifying view of market definition, Miguel Ferro adeptly explores the different economic-legal issues that arise in EU competition law.
Author :American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law Publisher :American Bar Association ISBN 13 :9781590315217 Total Pages :178 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (152 download)
Book Synopsis Market Power Handbook by : American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law
Download or read book Market Power Handbook written by American Bar Association. Section of Antitrust Law and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Have you ever wondered what a therapist really thinks? Have you ever wondered if a therapist truly cares about her patients? Have you tried to imagine the unimaginable, the loss of the person most dear to you? Is it true that `tis better to have loved and lost, than never to have loved at all? ` Love and loss are a ubiquitous part of life, bringing the greatest joys and the greatest heartaches. In one way or another all relationships end. People leave, move on, die. Loss is an ever-present part of life. In Love and Loss, Linda B. Sherby illustrates that in order to grow and thrive, we must learn to mourn, to move beyond the person we have lost while taking that person with us in our minds. Love, unlike loss, is not inevitable but, she argues, no satisfying life can be lived without deeply meaningful relationships. The focus of Love and Loss is how patients' and therapists' independent experiences of love and loss, as well as the love and loss that they experience in the treatment room, intermingle and interact. There are always two people in the consulting room, both of whom are involved in their own respective lives, as well as the mutually responsive relationship that exists between them. Love and loss in the life of one of the parties affects the other, whether that affect takes place on a conscious or unconscious level. Love and Loss is unique in two respects.The first is its focus on the analyst's current life situation and how that necessarily affects both the patient and the treatment. The second is Sherby's willingness to share the personal memoir of her own loss which she has interwoven with extensive clinical material to clearly illustrate the effect the analyst's current life circumstance has on the treatment. Writing as both a psychoanalyst and a widow, Linda B. Sherby makes it possible for the reader to gain an inside view of the emotional experience of being an analyst, making this book of interest to a wide audience. Professionals from psychoanalysts and psychotherapists and bereavement specialists through students in all the mental health fields to the public in general, will resonate and learn from this heartfelt and straightforward book.
Book Synopsis Competition Law’s Innovation Factor by : Viktoria H S E Robertson
Download or read book Competition Law’s Innovation Factor written by Viktoria H S E Robertson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, market definition has come under attack as an analytical tool of competition law. Scholars have increasingly questioned its usefulness and feasibility. That criticism comes into sharper relief in dynamic, innovation-driven markets, which do not correspond to the static markets on which the concept of the relevant market was modelled. This book explores that controversy from a comparative legal perspective, taking into account both EU competition and US antitrust law. It examines the manifold ways in which courts and competition authorities in the EU and US have factored innovation-related considerations into market delineation, covering: innovative product markets, product differentiation, future markets, issues going beyond market definition proper – such as innovation competition, innovation markets and potential competition –, intellectual property rights, innovative aftermarkets and multi-sided platforms. This book finds that going forward, the role of market definition in dynamic contexts needs to focus on its function of market characterisation rather than on the assessment of market power.
Book Synopsis Defining Your Market by : William Winston
Download or read book Defining Your Market written by William Winston and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visionary companies build markets today to be market leaders tomorrow. This book provides the blueprint. Defining Your Market: Winning Strategies for High-Tech, Industrial, and Service Firms contains research, case studies, and literature reviews on market definition to help marketers, managers, researchers, and strategic planners formulate profitable marketing strategies. Timely and practical, this book offers a research-based methodology for defining markets that will help your company determine relevant markets and make it the most competitive business in the industry. Although market definition is the foundation for formulating business strategies and is critical to corporate performance, marketers and top management often rely on intuition or incomplete analyses when targeting markets. This text discusses the marketing methods used by leading companies and executive and provides you with the knowledge to create strategies that will work for your company. Defining Your Market examines the topics that will help your company become more successful now and into the next century, including: customer and competitive-driven market definitions the five core dimensions of market definition-- customer needs, customer groups, technology, products, and competition managerial implications related to strategic planning, formulating the marketing mix, integrating marketing and technology, and global strategy strategies for businesses for redefining markets and successfully competing in the 21st century the impact company size has on marketing strategies how to avoid the dangers of creating a market definition that is too narrow and limiting or one that is too broad and overlooks profitable niches in the market Each chapter of Defining Your Market features exercises that will help you understand new concepts and allows you to put these methods to immediate and profitable use. You will be able to learn about the tools and techniques that work for Andersen Consulting, Dell, General Electric, Intel, Merck, and Microsoft, and dozens of leading business marketers.Defining Your Market provides you with strategies that will help you define and redefine the most relevant and profitable markets for a successful and competitive business.
Book Synopsis The Antitrust Paradox by : Robert Bork
Download or read book The Antitrust Paradox written by Robert Bork and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses.
Book Synopsis Innovation Markets and Competition Analysis by : Marcus Glader
Download or read book Innovation Markets and Competition Analysis written by Marcus Glader and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is warmly recommended to practitioners and academics from both the legal and the economic field. Guido Westkamp, Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice . . . Glader offers strong commentary and case explanation, coupled with insightful analysis, in this complex area. . . This book is strong on both the relevant law, and the economics arena in which the law must be applied, and deals equally well with the US and EC principles and practice. Mark Furse, European Competition Law Review The pace and scope of technological change is increasing, but some innovative technologies take years before they give rise to saleable products. Before they do, there is competition in ideas and research, but the ideas cannot be market tested, because there are no products or services to offer to consumers. Competition law, in Europe and the USA, cannot be applied to competition in research for innovation as if it was competition between products. Completely different problems arise and a completely different approach is needed. This book, the first on innovation markets, shows how this new approach has been used by competition authorities on both sides of the Atlantic in a wide variety of cases. It analyses in depth and detail the comparative law and economics of the problems arising from the different stages of these markets . It considers how far conclusions can be drawn about the future and comes to interesting, practical and sensible conclusions. And it avoids both unjustified scepticism and exaggerated enthusiasm about the theories of innovation markets. John Temple Lang, Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, Brussels and London; Trinity College Dublin, Ireland and Oxford University, UK This book examines the legal standards and their underlying economic rationale for the protection of competition in the innovation process, in both European competition law and American antitrust law. Apart from relevant regulatory frameworks, the author also reviews a range of case laws, which assess whether a transaction or unilateral conduct would limit market participants incentives and abilities for continued innovation and future competition. At the centre of this study is the innovation market concept. This concept entails the delineation, for purposes of antitrust analysis, of an upstream market for competing R&D. Questions of market definition, the assessment of innovation competition in defined markets, the role of efficiencies in the appraisal of transactions and possible remedies to alleviate anti-competitive effects are also explored. Updating the field of research in light of new developments and broadening and deepening the categorization and analysis of the innovation market area, this book will be of great interest to academics, practitioners and consultants, and also public policymakers.
Book Synopsis Modern Intellectual Property Law by : Jonathan Galloway
Download or read book Modern Intellectual Property Law written by Jonathan Galloway and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-07-12 with total page 1437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Intellectual Property Law combines coverage of each intellectual property right granted for creations of the mind into a thoughtful, unified textbook. Deconstructing the fundamental topics into short, clear sections separated by subheadings throughout, Colston and Galloway's text is the ideal student companion to this intriguing area of the law. This new edition has been completely revised to bring it up to date with the latest debate and changes to the law. All significant recent developments are covered including the continuing controversy over patents for computer-implemented inventions and biotechnological inventions, the House of Lords' developments of patent law, the ECJ jurisprudence relating to trade mark dilution and comparative advertising, as well as the database right, and international efforts to reconcile copyright with peer-to-peer file sharing. This text also discusses the ongoing effort to achieve an appropriate balance between intellectual property and competition law in order to protect market competition while retaining key incentives to drive the process of innovation. Written for students, this accessible and comprehensive textbook provides the perfect starting point for anyone studying intellectual property law in the UK.
Book Synopsis Introduction to EU Competition Law by : Peter Willis
Download or read book Introduction to EU Competition Law written by Peter Willis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introductory but thorough guide to EU competition law, covering the underlying economics, and the key substantive areas of anticompetitive agreements (Article 81), abuses of dominance (Article 82), the application to the most common types of commercial agreement, state aids, state measures limiting competition and mergers. It also examines the procedures under which the relevant competition authorities apply the rules, private enforcement of the rules before the courts, and minimising risk by implementing a compliance programme. The emphasis is practical rather than theoretical: the authors are practitioners in the field of competition law and economics, with many years’ individual and collective experience in the area. This will be an essential reference tool for practitioners, academics and students of EU Competition Law.
