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Download or read book The Coherent Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic Dynamo written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pierre Sokolsky
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429619618
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-26 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised edition provides an up-to-date summary of the field of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, dealing with their origin, propagation, and composition,. The authors reflect the enormous strides made since the first edition in the realm of experimental work, in particular the use of vastly improved, more sensitive and precise detectors. The level remains introductory and pedagogical, suitable for students and researchers interested in moving into this exciting field. Throughout the text, the authors focus on giving an introductory overview of the key physics issues, followed by a clear and concise description of experimental approaches and current results. Key Features: Updates the most coherent summary of the field available, with new text that provides the reader with clear historical context. Brand new discussion of contemporary space-based experiments and ideas for extending ground-based detectors. Completely new discussion of radio detection methods. Includes a new chapter on small to intermediate-scale anisotropy. Offers new sections on modern hadronic models and software packages to simulate showers.
Author : Todor Stanev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540851488
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)
Download or read book High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Author : Ana Laura Müller
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031103068
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)
Download or read book Acceleration and Propagation of Cosmic Rays in High-Metallicity Astrophysical Environments written by Ana Laura Müller and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis addresses the feasibility of the production of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei. These astrophysical objects were theoretically proposed as candidate sources a long time ago. Nevertheless, the interest in them has been recently renewed due to the observational data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. In this work, a comprehensive review of the current status of the research on cosmic rays accelerators is provided, along with a summary of the principal concepts needed to connect these relativistic particles with electromagnetic and neutrino observations in the multi-messenger era. On one hand, the hypothesis of accelerating particles with energies above 1018 eV in starburst superwinds is carefully revisited, taking into account the constraints imposed by the most recent electromagnetic observations. On the other hand, an alternative new model for the gamma emission of the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 is presented. The implications of the results of these studies are discussed in terms of the contemporary observatories and prospects for future experiments are offered.
Author : Shigeru Yoshida
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781590335932
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (359 download)
Download or read book Ultra-high Energy Particle Astrophysics written by Shigeru Yoshida and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many kinds of radiation exist in the universe, including photons and particles with a wide range of energies. Some of the radiation is produced in stars and galaxies, and some is cosmological background radiation, a relic from the history of cosmic evolution. Among all this radiation, the most energetic are cosmic ray particles: nucleons, nuclei, and even extremely energetic gamma rays. There are some observational facts about cosmic rays to give suggestions on their origin. The most important one among them is that the energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays above 10 GeV (where the magnetic field of the sun is no longer a concern) is well represented by a power law form. This indicates cosmic ray particles are products of non-thermal processes. Their energy extends over more than 13 decades from 107 eV up to 1020 eV. In terms of its structure, the spectrum can be divided into three regions: two 'knees' and one 'ankle'. The first 'knee' appears around 3×1015 eV where the spectral power law index changes from -2.7 to -3.0. The second 'knee' is somewhere between 1017 eV and 1018 eV where the spectral slope changes from -3.0 to around -3.3. The 'ankle' is seen at or after 3×1018 eV. Above that energy the spectral slope is around -2.7, but with a large uncertainty because of poor statistics and resolution. This book deals with the final and most energetic population, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book The Galactic Dynamo and Its Relation to the Propagation of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (679 download)
Download or read book Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pierre Sokolsky
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429979282
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
Author : Antonio Codino
Publisher : Società Editrice Esculapio
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (22 download)
Download or read book The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies written by Antonio Codino and published by Società Editrice Esculapio. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism accelerating Cosmic rays in the milky way galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of Cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operate up to the maximum energies of 1023 ev in galaxy clusters. Galactic Cosmic rays are accelerated in a pervasive electrostatic field active in the whole galaxy except in restricted regions shielded by Interstellar and stellar plasma as, for instance, the region occupied by the Solar system. It is proved that the Energy spectrum of the Cosmic radiation in the milky way galaxy, in the region where the Solar system resides, has a constant Spectral index comprised between 2.64-2.68 and the maximum energies of galactic protons are 3.0 × 1019 ev. The agreement of these results with the experimental data is discussed in detail and highlighted. The various physical processes that maintain the stability of the electrostatic structure in the milky way galaxy are the same that generate the galactic magnetic field. Accordingly, the intensity, orientation and direction of the galactic magnetic field are evaluated. The results of the calculation are compared with the observation data, optical and mostly radio astronomi data. The accord of the intensity, orientation and direction of the observed magnetic field with calculation is excellent.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, greater than or equal to10/sup 15 -20/ eV, is still an unsolved problem in high-energy astrophysics. The now classical mechanism of stochastic acceleration of cosmic rays in a strong shock in the interstellar or intergalactic medium is limited in time and dimension for all likely acceleration sites, particularly for the highest energies. Acceleration of cosmic rays across a plasma shock of velocity, .beta./sub s/ (.beta./sub s/ = v/sub shock//c), requires 1/.beta./sub s/ number of crossings and therefore (1/.beta./sub s/)2 number of scatterings for doubling the energy of a particle. This requires a space of the order of 1/.beta./sub s/ x the scattering length, or a multiple of the Larmor radius and hence, the space requirements to cosmic ray acceleration are very many Larmor orbits in dimension, as well as times that are larger by (1/.beta./sub s/)2 x t/sub Larmor/. The acceleration of cosmic rays by the shock in the envelope of a Type 1 supernova is reviewed, and the interaction of the accelerated matter with the nearby ISM is considered. The spectrum of relativistic ejected matter is preferentially trapped in the ISM. Further acceleration of each energy group should take place in both the near relativistic shock wave and the compression by the following matter. The possible acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the accretion disk of a near-stationery magnetic neutron star such as Cyg-X3 is another strong possibility. Here the diffusion of magnetic flux radially outwards opposite to the viscous diffusion of mass radially inwards is considered as a likely topology for a unipolar generator acceleration of ultrahigh energy particles.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book 24th International Cosmic Ray Conference: OG sessions (OG. 7-OG. 11) written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book On the Origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays II written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that accretion disks around Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) could account for the enormous power in observed ultra high energy cosmic rays ≈102° eV (UHEs). In our model, cosmic rays are produced by quasi-steady acceleration of ions in magnetic structures previously proposed to explain jets around Active Galactic Nuclei with supermassive black holes. Steady acceleration requires that an AGN accretion disk act as a dynamo, which we show to follow from a modified Standard Model in which the magnetic torque of the dynamo replaces viscosity as the dominant mechanism accounting for angular momentum conservation during accretion. A black hole of mass M{sub BH} produces a steady dynamo voltage V ∝ √M{sub BH} giving V ≈ 102° volts for M{sub BH} ≈ 108 solar masses. The voltage V reappears as an inductive electric field at the advancing nose of a dynamo-driven jet, where plasma instability inherent in collisionless runaway acceleration allows ions to be steadily accelerated to energies ≈ V, finally ejected as cosmic rays. Transient events can produce much higher energies. The predicted disk radiation is similar to the Standard Model. Unique predictions concern the remarkable collimation of jets and emissions from the jet/radiolobe structure. Given MBH and the accretion rate, the model makes 7 predictions roughly consistent with data: (1) the jet length; (2) the jet radius; (3) the steady-state cosmic ray energy spectrum; (4) the maximum energy in this spectrum; (5) the UHE cosmic ray intensity on Earth; (6) electron synchrotron wavelengths; and (7) the power in synchrotron radiation. These qualitative successes motivate new computer simulations, experiments and data analysis to provide a quantitative verification of the model.
Author : M. Lemoine
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540428992
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)
Download or read book Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by M. Lemoine and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International School on Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2000) was held at the Observatoire de Paris–Meudon on June 26-29, 2000. This was the ?rst international school speci?cally dedicated to ultra high energy cosmic rays. Its aim was to familiarize with and attract students, physicists and astronomers into this quickly developing newresearch ?eld. The mysterious and currently unknown origin of the most energetic par- cles observed in Nature has triggered in recent years theoretical speculations ranging from electromagnetic acceleration to as yet undiscovered physics - yond the Standard Model. It has also lead to the development of several new detection concepts and experimental projects, some of which are currently - der construction. By its nature, the ?eld of ultra high energy cosmic rays is therefore highly interdisciplinary and borrows from astrophysics and cosmology, via particle physics, to experimental physics and observational astronomy. One main aspect of the school was to emphasize and take advantage of this interd- ciplinarity. The lectures were grouped into subtopics and are reproduced in this volume in the following order: After a general introductory lecture on cosmic rays follow two contributions on experimental detection techniques, followed by three lectures on acceleration in astrophysical objects. The next four contri- tions cover all major aspects of propagation and interactions of ultra high energy radiation, including speculative issues such as newinteractions.
Author : M.M. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400971664
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Composition and Origin of Cosmic Rays written by M.M. Shapiro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Ettore Majorana Centre, Erice, Sicily, Italy, June 20-30, 1982
Download or read book The Origin of Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic Rays reach the Earth from space with energies of up to more than 1020 eV, carrying information on the most powerful particle accelerators that Nature has been able to assemble. Understanding where and how cosmic rays originate has required almost one century of investigations, and, although the last word is not written yet, recent observations and theory seem now to fit together to provide us with a global picture of the origin of cosmic rays of unprecedented clarity. Here we will describe what we learned from recent observations of astrophysical sources (such as supernova remnants and active galaxies) and we will illustrate what these observations tell us about the physics of particle acceleration and transport. We will also discuss the "end" of the Galactic cosmic ray spectrum, which bridges out attention towards the so called ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). At ~1020 eV the gyration scale of cosmic rays in cosmic magnetic fields becomes large enough to allow us to point back to their sources, thereby allowing us to perform "cosmic ray astronomy", as confirmed by the recent results obtained with the Pierre Auger Observatory. We will discuss the implications of these observations for the understanding of UHECRs, as well as some questions which will likely remain unanswered and will be the target of the next generation of cosmic ray experiments.
Author : Paul Simeon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book On the Acceleration, Dynamics, and Propagation of Cosmic Rays written by Paul Simeon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete story of the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays has remained a mystery for over a century. No conclusive evidence exists for how supernova remnants, the known sources of at least a large fraction of galactic cosmic rays, can accelerate cosmic rays up to the required energies. The origin of extragalactic cosmic rays is still completely unknown, with active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, certain types of neutron stars, and large scale shocks being the most popular candidates. This dissertation focuses on three separate but related topics: the interaction of anisotropic plasmas and cosmic rays, the propagation of cosmic rays in the presence of dense gas clouds, and the acceleration of extragalactic cosmic rays by strong accretion shocks around clusters and filaments of galaxies. The first major topic relaxes the common assumption that astrophysical plasmas have an isotropic pressure distribution caused by the presence of a magnetic field. We derive the dispersion relation for such a plasma with anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics as well as instabilities that are likely to amplify the magnetic field. This amplification may help to explain how shock fronts amplify the ambient magnetic field and accelerate cosmic rays to higher energies. The second major section examines the effect of dense gas clouds on the magnetic field and consequently on the propagation and emission of cosmic rays. This chapter is an attempt to gain insight on the gamma-ray spectrum of supernova remnants in such environments, where the spatial distribution and the spectral index of cosmic rays remains unexplained. The third topic uses new observations and simulations to modify a model of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays from strong accretion shocks. New evidence suggests that shocks around the large-scale structure of the universe -- not only shocks around galaxy clusters -- are adequate for accelerating cosmic rays up to the highest energies. Though the composition of these particles remains unknown, we propose two potential composition models, one with only protons and one with protons and heavy nuclei. Though the applications and environments discussed in each chapter varies, the underlying principles are similar. The full story of cosmic rays is not a simple one, and we hope that additions we have added to the standard theory provide useful tools for understanding other aspects of cosmic rays and perhaps other areas of astrophysics.
Author : Ahmed Saleh
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659179471
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (794 download)
Download or read book Acceleration Mechanisms for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Ahmed Saleh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery and detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) of energy up to 10 DEGREES20 eV have posed a serious challenge to the astrophysicists about their origin as well as the physical acceleration mechanisms. Some theoretical approaches in the past assuming elastic scatterings of cosmic charged particles with magnetic clouds then developed by assuming the presence of shock waves originated from supernova remnant succeeded to explain the existence of energies up to 10 DEGREES15 eV. The assumption of particle-electromagnetic field interaction with constant fields succeeded to interpret the possibility of finding cosmic particles of energies up to 10 DEGREES20 eV. From the astrophysical plasma aspects, the interaction of cosmic charged particles with the time varying magnetic field, like that present in the magnetosphere of pulsar and magnetar, as potent sources can lead to higher energies. Moreover, the coupling of the cosmic charged particle-spatially varying electromagnetic field interaction and the well-known Fermi mechanisms furnish a reasonable theoretical approach to interpret the existence of UHECRs of ener
