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The Chemistry And Dynamics Of The Tropical Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observations From The Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment Pase
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Book Synopsis The Chemistry and Dynamics of the Tropical Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observations from the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE) by : Stephen A. Conley
Download or read book The Chemistry and Dynamics of the Tropical Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observations from the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE) written by Stephen A. Conley and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy exchange between the tropical oceans and the atmosphere plays an important role in the climate of the planet. By far the most abundant form of this transfer occurs in regions of shallow (generally non-precipitating) convection that takes place underneath the gentle lid of the trade wind inversion. Understanding the atmospheric dynamics and exchange of chemical species between the ocean and atmosphere in this region is a critical step on the path to accurate modeling of the earth's climate. Fourteen research flights were conducted with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 near Christmas Island (2°N, 157°W) during the summer of 2007 as part of the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE). Vertical profiles from near the surface to above the trade wind inversion (observed at a mean altitude of 1350m) were used to characterize the vertical structure of the dynamic and chemical scalars within the marine boundary layer. The marine atmosphere was divided into four levels, a surface layer (~30m) overlain by a turbulent mixed layer which extends to ~550m, overlain by a less turbulent buffer layer (BuL), extending to ~1350m, overlain by the free troposphere (FT). The SL and the mixed layer together constitute the marine boundary layer (MBL). Separating the MBL and the BuL is a weak inversion with a much stronger inversion separating the BuL from the FT. This work focuses on dimethyl sulfide (DMS), ozone (O3) and the boundary layer dynamics of the region. In the MBL, DMS and O3 both exhibited the well-known diurnal cycle of buildup at night followed by daytime destruction. DMS ranged from 50-95 pptv in the daytime to 90-110 pptv at night and O3 from 16-18 ppb during the daytime to 17-21 ppb at night. Contributions from horizontal advection are included using a multivariate regression of the observed mixing ratio as a function of time and space within the MBL to estimate the mean gradients and trends. With this technique we can use the residual term in the budget as an estimate of overall photochemical oxidation. Error analysis of the various terms in the DMS budget indicate that chemical losses acting on time scales of up to 110 hours can be inferred with this technique. On average, photochemistry accounted for ~ 7.4 ppt hr−1 loss rate for the seven daytime flights, with an estimated error of 0.6 ppt hr−1. The loss rate due to expected OH oxidation is sufficient to explain the net DMS destruction without invoking the action of additional oxidants (e.g., reactive halogens). The observed ocean flux of DMS averaged 3.1 (± 1.5) [mu]mol m−2d−1, and generally decreased throughout the sunlit hours. Averaged over the mission, horizontal advection was negligible in the DMS budget but was significant in the budgets of individual flights. The ozone budget included the same dynamical terms as the DMS budget but also included loss to photolysis, OH and HO2. Photolysis is the dominant chemical sink (~ 0.29 ppb/hour). Horizontal advection and vertical flux divergence contribute similar amounts to the budget (0.08 ppb hr−1, 0.06 ppb hr−1). The advective source is consistent with the picture from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) indicating higher levels of ozone upwind from the PASE region. The entrainment flux from the FT to the BuL was estimated at 0.07 ppb m s−1. A budget of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) exhibited evenly distributed shear production throughout the MBL along with an expected linear profile of buoyancy production. Two loci of approximately equal parts shear production, transport, and buoyancy production sustain TKE in the BuL at levels of ~70% that within the MBL. A mean cloud fraction profile from the experiment confirms a bimodal distribution of trade wind cumuli with a major peak at the top and a secondary peak in the lower third of the BuL, consistent with the picture of shallow convection supplying the bulk of the TKE to this layer, but not uniformly in the vertical. Surface latent heat fluxes were measured by eddy covariance and were on average found to be 30% less the standard NOAA bulk model. The Bowen ratio averaged 0.05 with very little flight to flight variability (± 0.03). The observed east-southeasterly winds averaged 8 ms−1 (at 10 meters) in this region feeding into the ITCZ located at approximately 10 degrees N. On most flights a low level jet was observed either within or just above the BuL. During the four week mission, SST over the entire region decreased by 1.5C as a tropical instability wave brought colder water to the equatorial mid Pacific with winds surface winds increasing by 0.5 m s−1 during the experiment. The shape of the cospectra between vertical wind speed and potential temperature exhibited the traditional Kaimal form; however, water vapor and DMS cospectra exhibited less power at the highest frequencies with their cospectral peaks shifted toward larger scales.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World by : Guy P. Brasseur
Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World written by Guy P. Brasseur and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for Guy P. Brasseur's Atmospheric Chemistry in a Changing World American Meteorological Society "This volume summarizes and integrates more than a decade of atmospheric chemistry research. During the period under consideration, great progress has been made in computing, modeling, and observational techniques, and methods have also improved. Here, suggestions for the highest priority research for the next decade are made, and important information is related regarding impacts on the environment."
Book Synopsis Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles by : Peter S. Liss
Download or read book Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tropical Ocean-atmosphere Newsletter by :
Download or read book Tropical Ocean-atmosphere Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-04 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanic Abstracts with Indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmosphere-ocean Interaction by : Eric Bradshaw Kraus
Download or read book Atmosphere-ocean Interaction written by Eric Bradshaw Kraus and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "On balance, this book is excellent and deserves to be in the personal collection of active scientists." --Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Book Synopsis A Study of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) by : Janice Campbell
Download or read book A Study of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer in the Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (CODE) written by Janice Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity by :
Download or read book Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts by :
Download or read book Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts by :
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Observations of Planetary Boundary Layer Structure in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific by : Nicholas A. Bond
Download or read book Observations of Planetary Boundary Layer Structure in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific written by Nicholas A. Bond and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study has analyzed thermodynamic and kinematic observations of the PBL [planetary boundary-layer] over the eastern equatorial Pacific in the vicinity of 110°W. These observations suggest that: 1) the atmospheric mixed layer below cloud base tended to be slightly stably stratified over the cold SST [sea-surface temperature] near the equator and neutrally unstably stratified elsewhere; 2) the surface flux of virtual heat of buoyancy to the atmosphere tended to be slightly negative (downward) over the cold SST and positive elsewhere; and 3) a greater magnitude of vertical shear in the meridional component of the wind was present in the mixed layer, on the average, over the cold SST. Because of sampling limitations and significant PBL variability, additional observations would help confirm these results."--Leaves 9-10.
Book Synopsis Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment by : Eric S. Saltzman
Download or read book Biogenic Sulfur in the Environment written by Eric S. Saltzman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features state-of-the-art research on the fate and origin of natural (as opposed to pollutant) sulfur compounds, specifically, the cycling of biologically produced sulfur throughout the environment. Covers terrestrial and freshwater systems: emissions and transformations, oceans: distributions, biological transformations, and chemical transformations, and atmosphere: distribution, gas-phase transformations, and aqueous-phase transformations. Analytical techniques and up-to-date bibliographies are included as well as new research results never before published.
Book Synopsis Sea Salt Aerosol Production by : Ernie R. Lewis
Download or read book Sea Salt Aerosol Production written by Ernie R. Lewis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.
Author :Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309517656 Total Pages :424 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Sciences by : Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Download or read book The Atmospheric Sciences written by Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisions--what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplines--physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate change--and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.