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The Cellular Response To The Genotoxic Insult
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Book Synopsis The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult by : Helmut Greim
Download or read book The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult written by Helmut Greim and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genotoxic carcinogens can lead to DNA mutations with the potential to cause cancer. Typically, a series of mutation events are needed before malignancy occurs so a single, small exposure may not result in disease. Also, cells have an armoury of defence mechanisms which, to a degree, counter the effects of mutagens. Distinguishing the point at which exposure to a carcinogen increases mutation rates beyond the background level is challenging. In fact, there is now general agreement that, for genotoxic carcinogens, no specific threshold can be identified. However, NOAELs (No Observed Adverse Effect Levels) may be used in the process of establishing a dose-response relationship. These denote the level of exposure at which there is no significant increase in adverse effects in the exposed population when compared to an appropriate control. Such a scientifically defendable threshold allows us to propose health based exposure limits for genotoxic carcinogens. This book describes the various cellular defence mechanisms individually and explains how they are regulated. The processes covered include metabolic inactivation, epigenetic regulation, scavenging mechanisms, DNA-repair and apoptosis. It also considers dose-dependent threshold mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the rate limiting parameters. Aimed at graduate level and above, the book discusses the consequences of genotoxic evaluation and urges readers to question the idea that even low exposures present a cancer risk.
Book Synopsis Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens by : Takehiko Nohmi
Download or read book Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens written by Takehiko Nohmi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation brings together current opinion and research activities from Japan, the US, and Europe on the subject of genotoxic thresholds. In regulation, it is an adage that genotoxic carcinogens have no thresholds for action, and that they impose cancer risk on humans even at very low levels. This policy is frequently called into question as humans possess a number of defense mechanisms including detoxication, DNA repair, and apoptosis, meaning there is a threshold at which these genotoxic carcinogens take action. The book examines these potential thresholds, describing the potential cancer risks of daily low-level exposure, the mechanisms involved (such as DNA repair, detoxication, translesion DNA synthesis), chemical and statistical methods of analysis, and the ways in which these may be utilized to inform policy. Thresholds of Genotoxic Carcinogens: From Mechanisms to Regulation is an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation. Unites an international team of experts to provide a balanced overview of the current opinion on thresholds of genotoxic carcinogens Provides all the information readers need to determine a safe threshold for potential genotoxic carcinogens Includes information on the mechanisms of genotoxic carcinogens and how these can inform regulation Serves as an essential reference for any professional researchers in genetic toxicology and those involved in toxicological regulation
Book Synopsis Cancer Risk Assessment by : Peter G. Shields
Download or read book Cancer Risk Assessment written by Peter G. Shields and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment of cancer risk is a complex process that requires the examination of etiological agents, real-world environments, and individual rates of exposure. This reference offers practical approaches to determine cancer risk in individuals, groups of exposed persons, and the general public in relation to individual genetic and acquired suscep
Book Synopsis Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy by : Bruce A. Chabner
Download or read book Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy written by Bruce A. Chabner and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated to include the newest drugs and those currently in development, this Fifth Edition is a comprehensive reference on the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of anticancer agents. Organized by drug class, the book provides the latest information on all drugs and biological agents—their mechanisms of action, interactions with other agents, toxicities, side effects, and mechanisms of resistance. The authors explain the rationale for use of drugs in specific schedules and combinations and offer guidelines for dose adjustment in particular situations. This edition's introduction includes timely information on general strategies for drug usage, the science of drug discovery and development, economic and regulatory aspects of cancer drug development, and principles of pharmacokinetics. Eight new chapters have been added and more than twenty have been significantly revised. A companion website includes the fully searchable text and an image bank.
Book Synopsis Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : Helmut Greim
Download or read book Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Helmut Greim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-05 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a complete understanding of how our bodies respond to toxicants, and the principles used to assess the health risks of specific exposure scenarios Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition reflects recent advances in science and technology, and provides the scientific background and methodological issues to enable the reader to understand the basic principles in toxicology and to evaluate the health risks of specific exposure scenarios. Completely updated with the latest information, this book offers a concise introduction to the subject. It is divided into five sections: Principles in Toxicology, Organ Toxicology, Methods in Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology, and Specific Toxicity. The 2nd Edition adds new chapters that cover recent scientific and technological advances and current topics including the endocrine system, alternatives to animal testing, risk assessment and thresholds for carcinogens, European and international regulation, nanomaterials, fuels, fragrances, and agrochemicals. Concentrates on the basic concepts of toxicology and provides sufficient information for the reader to become familiar with them in order to understand the principles and to evaluate the risks at given exposures 30% new chapters cover recent scientific and technological advances including alternatives to animal testing; genotoxic carcinogens; REACH regulations; nanomaterials; fuels; fragrances; PAHs; and agrochemicals Written by a team of international specialists, and edited by two outstanding scientists in the field Fully updated and expanded, Toxicology and Risk Assessment: A Comprehensive Introduction, Second Edition is an essential text for any student or researcher with an interest in toxicology and related risk assessments.
Book Synopsis Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology by : A. Wallace Hayes
Download or read book Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 2184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chap
Download or read book OMICS written by Debmalya Barh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of new technologies and acquired knowledge, the number of fields in omics and their applications in diverse areas are rapidly increasing in the postgenomics era. Such emerging fields—including pharmacogenomics, toxicogenomics, regulomics, spliceomics, metagenomics, and environomics—present budding solutions to combat global challenges in biomedicine, agriculture, and the environment. OMICS: Applications in Biomedical, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences provides valuable insights into the applications of modern omics technologies to real-world problems in the life sciences. Filling a gap in the literature, it offers a broad, multidisciplinary view of current and emerging applications of omics in a single volume. Written by highly experienced active researchers, each chapter describes a particular area of omics and the associated technologies and applications. Topics covered include: Proteomics, epigenomics, and pharmacogenomics Toxicogenomics and the assessment of environmental pollutants Applications of plant metabolomics Nutrigenomics and its therapeutic applications Microalgal omics and omics approaches in biofuel production Next-generation sequencing and omics technology for transgenic plant analysis Omics approaches in crop improvement Engineering dark-operative chlorophyll synthesis Computational regulomics Omics techniques for the analysis of RNA splicing New fields, including metagenomics, glycomics, and miRNA Breast cancer biomarkers for early detection Environomics strategies for environmental sustainability This timely book explores a wide range of omics application areas in the biomedical, agricultural, and environmental sciences. Throughout, it highlights working solutions as well as open problems and future challenges. Demonstrating the diversity of omics, it introduces readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in omics-driven research.
Download or read book Formaldehyde written by Luoping Zhang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formaldehyde is virtually ubiquitous in the modern environment due to its cost-effective nature, its use in resin formation, and its preservative properties. Though formaldehyde is necessary for many products and processes important to the world’s economy, this economic dependence on formaldehyde comes at a cost to public health. Growth and consequent industrialization rely heavily on formaldehyde use. New buildings—residences, public places, and offices—are not only built with timber preserved by formaldehyde, but they are also furnished with wood, wool, and textile products that contain formaldehyde. The general population faces environmental exposure from indoor and outdoor air pollution, food, and even medicine. Scientific inquiry into formaldehyde exposure has grown in response. This book consolidates the new and established body of formaldehyde research in the scholarly community, focusing on exposure, genotoxicity, and adverse health outcomes. Through this resource, we hope to increase awareness of the broad range of health effects posed by formaldehyde exposure, and to encourage interdisciplinary interest, as well as research, into this pervasive compound—especially in the United States and China, where formaldehyde production and usage is high. This book will be useful to researchers of environmental and occupational exposure, students, and government regulators and anyone exposed to formaldehyde in the workplace and/or at home.
Book Synopsis Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : Alberto Mantovani
Download or read book Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Alberto Mantovani and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology – including interactions with other hormone pathways – has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.
Book Synopsis The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology by : Michael Fenech
Download or read book The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology written by Michael Fenech and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about the adverse health effects of chemicals and radiation present in the environment and at workplaces have created the need for better detection systems to assess their potential to cause DNA damage in humans and other organisms across ecosystems. The Micronucleus Assay in Toxicology is the first comprehensive volume concerning the use of micronucleus assays in genetic toxicology. It succinctly explains the mechanisms by which genotoxins cause micronucleus formation and its relation to diseases. Furthermore, it describes the methods which are currently used for the analyses of micronuclei in different types of cells in human in vivo biomonitoring studies, routine in vivo tests with rodents, in vitro studies with human and mammalian cells, environmental monitoring with invertebrates and vertebrates such as molluscs, fish and, also, in plant bioassays. Moreover, this book also focuses on the use of the micronucleus technique in other research areas, including the detection of DNA damage caused by important groups of genotoxic carcinogens (heavy metals, industrial chemicals, cytotoxic drugs, pesticides, ionising radiation, etc.) as well as study designs, statistical analyses, international regulatory guidelines, and the development of automated scoring devices for this assay. This book will serve as both, a reference and a guide to students, and investigators in biomedical, biochemical and pharmaceutical sciences interested in gaining a better understanding of the biology of micronuclei and their application in measuring DNA damage caused by natural or man-made genotoxins.
Book Synopsis Computational Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology by : Rudy J Richardson
Download or read book Computational Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology written by Rudy J Richardson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The network approaches of systems pharmacology and toxicology serve as early predictors of the most relevant screening approach to pursue both in drug discovery and development and ecotoxicological assessments. Computational approaches have the potential to improve toxicological experimental design, enable more rapid drug efficacy and safety testing and also reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. Rapid advances in availability of computing technology hold tremendous promise for advancing applied and basic science and increasing the efficiency of risk assessment. This book provides an understanding of the basic principles of computational toxicology and the current methods of predictive toxicology using chemical structures, toxicity-related databases, in silico chemical-protein docking, and biological pathway tools. The book begins with an introduction to systems pharmacology and toxicology and computational tools followed by a section exploring modelling adverse outcomes and events. The second part of the book covers the discovery of protein targets and the characterisation of toxicant-protein interactions. Final chapters include case studies and additionally discuss interactions between phytochemicals and Western therapeutics. This book will be useful for scientists involved in environmental research and risk assessment. It will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers wishing to learn about key methods used in studying biological targets both from a toxicity and pharmacological activity standpoint.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans by : Kevin Woodward
Download or read book Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans written by Kevin Woodward and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans is the first definitive guide to discuss the adverse effects of veterinary medicinal products in humans. The chapters focus on occupational safety and consumer issues and examine the circumstances under which exposure is likely to occur. To be in context, it reviews this against the background of adverse health effects from other sources in the veterinary and farming professions. The book examines adverse drug effects reported to regulatory agencies (mainly the FDAÆs Center for Veterinary Medicine) and then considers a series of individual drugs, including antibiotics, anaesthetics and organophosphorus compounds. The chapters also discuss the fundamental aspects of regulatory issues relating to safety assessment, and examine the manner in which user safety is assessed prior to authorisation/approval and what measures can be taken after authorisation/approval in the light of findings from pharmacovigilance activities. There is growing concern over the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the contribution made by veterinary medicinal products. This too is addressed along with the significance to human health and measures that can be taken to mitigate the effects (if any) of the use of antibiotics in animals e.g. prudent use measures. The book will be an essential resource for medical practitioners in hospitals and general practice, pharmaceutical industry scientists, analysts, regulators and risk managers.
Book Synopsis Chemical Health Threats by : Raquel Duarte-Davidson
Download or read book Chemical Health Threats written by Raquel Duarte-Davidson and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the European guidelines for the risk assessment and management of serious international public health threats.
Book Synopsis Chemical Warfare Toxicology by : Franz Worek
Download or read book Chemical Warfare Toxicology written by Franz Worek and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date treatise on the on-going research into the toxicology of chemical warfare agents, the diagnosis and verification of exposure, and the pre- and post-exposure treatment of poisoning.
Book Synopsis Metabolic Profiling by : Martin Grootveld
Download or read book Metabolic Profiling written by Martin Grootveld and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multivariate analysis of the multi-component analytical profiles of carefully collected biofluid and/or tissue biopsy specimens can provide a 'fingerprint' of their biomolecular/metabolic status. Therefore, if applied correctly, valuable information regarding disease indicators, disease strata and sub-strata and disease activities can be obtained. This exemplary new book highlights applications of these techniques in the areas of drug therapy and toxicology, cancer, obesity and diabetes, as well as outlining applications to cardiovascular, infectious, inflammatory and oral diseases in detail. The book gives particular reference to cautionary measures that must be applied to the diagnosis and classification of these conditions or physiological criteria. Comprehensively covering a wide range of topics, of particular interest is the focus on experimental design and 'rights and wrongs' of the techniques commonly applied by researchers, and the very recent development of powerful 'Pattern Recognition' techniques. The book provides a detailed introduction to the area, applications and common pitfalls of the techniques discussed before moving into detailed coverage of specific disease areas, each highlighted in individual chapters. This title will provide an invaluable resource to Medicinal chemists, Biochemists and toxicologists working in industry and academia.
Download or read book Nanotoxicology written by Alok Dhawan and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid expansion of the nanotechnology field raises concerns, like any new technology, about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials. This book addresses the gaps relating to health and safety issues of this field and aims to bring together fragmented knowledge on nanosafety. Not only do chapters address conventional toxicity issues, but also more recent developments such as food borne nanoparticles, life cycle analysis of nanoparticles and nano ethics. In addition, the authors discuss the environmental impact of nanotechnologies as well as safety guidelines and ethical issues surrounding the use of nanoparticles. In particular this book presents a unique compilation of experimental and computational perspectives and illustrates the use of computational models as a support for experimental work. Nanotoxicology: Experimental and Computational Perspectives is aimed towards postgraduates, academics, and practicing industry professionals. This highly comprehensive review also serves as an excellent foundation for undergraduate students and researchers new to nanotechnology and nanotoxicology. It is of particular value to toxicologists working in nanotechnology, chemical risk assessment, food science, environmental, safety, chemical engineering, the biological sciences and pharmaceutical research.
Download or read book Bisphenol A written by Natalie R Gassman and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume endocrine-disrupting chemical present in numerous consumer products. Extensive use of BPA has led to wide-spread contamination in the air, soil, and water, leading to ubiquitous human exposure. Research into BPA has grown exponentially over the past ten years, with numerous modes of action being identified that impact human health and disease development. While BPA has estrogenic effects, emerging literature has identified several non-receptor mediated modes of action, such as epigenetic reprogramming, that can affect the long-term health of the population. This book highlights the multiple modes of action BPA can use to reprogram cells genetically and metabolically. By compiling critical studies in BPA and outlining the connections and disparities in the literature to build a broader understanding of this complex endocrine-disrupting chemical and its impact on the environment and human health, this book is an ideal resource for postgraduates and researchers in a range of disciplines from toxicology to epigenetics and cancer epidemiology.
