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The Calculation Of Genetic Risks
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Book Synopsis The Calculation of Genetic Risks by : Peter J. Bridge
Download or read book The Calculation of Genetic Risks written by Peter J. Bridge and published by Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help readers with no background in genetics assess a published text or a risk factor assigned to a family member, explains the process by which laboratory results are turned into numbers representing genetic risk. Uses numbers rather than abstract symbols, and discusses procedures rather than specific conditions. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Book Synopsis Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counseling by : Ian D. Young
Download or read book Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counseling written by Ian D. Young and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In third edition of this clear, reader-friendly guide, the author addresses the challenge of calculations in genetic counseling and demonstrates how risk can be estimated for inherited disorders using a basic knowledge of the laws of probability and their application to clinical problems. The text employs a wealth of clearly explained examples and "key points" in order to guide the reader to an accurate assessment of the risk of genetic disease.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counselling by : Ian D. Young
Download or read book Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counselling written by Ian D. Young and published by IRL Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic counselling is widely accepted as an integral part of the management of every patient with an inherited disorder. This book describes in detail how risks can be estimated or calculated for most counselling situations, using nothing more complex than a knowledge of the simple laws of probability and a pocket calculator. All patterns of inheritance are considered. Particular attention is paid to the segregation of balanced chromosome rearrangements and risk calculation in single gene inheritance taking into account factors such as reduced penetrance, late age of onset, consanguinity and the extended family. The use of linked markers -- an area of rapidly increasing importance in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis -- is also covered at length. The text has been written in a straightforward, "user-friendly" style with liberal use of worked examples and will be of benefit to everyone involved in the provision and delivery of genetic counselling services.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counselling by : Ian D. Young
Download or read book Introduction to Risk Calculation in Genetic Counselling written by Ian D. Young and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Genetic Risks by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Assessing Genetic Risks written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Raising hopes for disease treatment and prevention, but also the specter of discrimination and "designer genes," genetic testing is potentially one of the most socially explosive developments of our time. This book presents a current assessment of this rapidly evolving field, offering principles for actions and research and recommendations on key issues in genetic testing and screening. Advantages of early genetic knowledge are balanced with issues associated with such knowledge: availability of treatment, privacy and discrimination, personal decision-making, public health objectives, cost, and more. Among the important issues covered: Quality control in genetic testing. Appropriate roles for public agencies, private health practitioners, and laboratories. Value-neutral education and counseling for persons considering testing. Use of test results in insurance, employment, and other settings.
Author :James Franklin Crow Publisher :National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements ISBN 13 : Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis How Well Can We Assess Genetic Risks? by : James Franklin Crow
Download or read book How Well Can We Assess Genetic Risks? written by James Franklin Crow and published by National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements. This book was released on 1981 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : National Research Council
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309437873 Total Pages :231 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Gene Drives on the Horizon by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Gene Drives on the Horizon written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-28 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health challenges, including the reduction of poverty and the burden of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, which disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. However, due to their intrinsic qualities of rapid spread and irreversibility, gene drive systems raise many questions with respect to their safety relative to public and environmental health. Because gene drive systems are designed to alter the environments we share in ways that will be hard to anticipate and impossible to completely roll back, questions about the ethics surrounding use of this research are complex and will require very careful exploration. Gene Drives on the Horizon outlines the state of knowledge relative to the science, ethics, public engagement, and risk assessment as they pertain to research directions of gene drive systems and governance of the research process. This report offers principles for responsible practices of gene drive research and related applications for use by investigators, their institutions, the research funders, and regulators.
Book Synopsis Genetic Testing and the Governance of Risk in the Contemporary Economy by : Lara Khoury
Download or read book Genetic Testing and the Governance of Risk in the Contemporary Economy written by Lara Khoury and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses emerging questions concerning who should bear responsibility for shouldering risk, as well as the viability of existing and experimental governance mechanisms in connection with new technologies. Scholars from 14 jurisdictions unite their efforts in this edited collection to provide a comparative analysis of how various legal systems are tackling the challenges produced by the legal aspects of genetic testing in insurance and employment. They cover the diverse set of norms that surround this issue, and share insights into relevant international, regional and national incursions into the field. By doing so, the authors offer a basis for comparative reflection, including on whether transnational standard setting might be useful or necessary for the legal aspects of genetic testing as they relate to the insurance and employment contexts. The respective texts cover a broad range of topics, including the prevalence of genetic testing in the contexts of insurance and employment, and policy factors that might affect this prevalence, such as the design of national health or social insurance systems, of private insurance schemes or the availability of low-cost direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Further, the field of genetics is gaining in importance at the international and regional levels. Relevant concepts – mainly genetic tests and genetic data/information – have been internationally defined, and these definitions have influenced definitions adopted nationally. International law also recognizes a “special status” for human genetic data. The authors therefore also consider these definitions and the recognition of the special status of human genetic data within regional and national legal orders. They investigate the range of norms that specifically address the use of genetic testing in employment and insurance, encompassing international sources – including human rights norms – that may be binding or non-binding, as well national statutory, regulatory and soft-law mechanisms. Accordingly, some of the texts examine general frameworks relevant to genetic testing in each country, including those that stem from general anti-discrimination rules and norms protecting rights to autonomy, self-determination, confidentiality and privacy. In closing, the authors provide an overview of the efficiency of their respective legal regimes’ approaches – specific and generalist – to genetic testing or disclosure of genetic information in the employment or insurance contexts, including the effect of lack of legal guidance. In this regard, some of the authors highlight the need for transnational action in the field and make recommendation for future legal developments.
Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics in Nursing by : Quannetta T Edwards, PhD, MSN, MPH, FNP-BC, WHNP, AGN-BC, FAANP
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics in Nursing written by Quannetta T Edwards, PhD, MSN, MPH, FNP-BC, WHNP, AGN-BC, FAANP and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delivers complex information in an easy-to-read, step-by-step format The genomic era encompasses the entire spectrum of DNA -- all of the genes, and the interaction and inter-relationship of genes (genome) to the environment. Rapidly changing research has led to numerous advances in genetic testing, diagnosis, and treatments, and it is essential that APRNs be able to integrate genetic risk assessment into clinical care. This quick reference delivers complex information in an easy-to-read, step-by-step format with bitesize info boxes and bulleted information to provide the tools necessary to understand genetics/genomics and identify "red flags" that can appear in patient assessments. In an age of personalized and precision medicine, genetic risk assessment has never been more important. Genetics and Genomics in Nursing begins with an overview of genetics and the science behind inheritance. Chapters then break down the processes that make up risk assessment, and walk the reader through data collection and review, identification and calculation of risk, and patient communication. Finally, the last section of this text discusses special populations and key facts nurses need to know about their risk assessment. Key Features: Provides a clear introduction to a complex topic Describes important elements of the genomic risk assessment process for use in clinical settings when evaluating patients Illustrates how to develop a three-generation pedigree Applies commonly-used standardized pedigree symbols and familial patterns to aid in risk interpretation Discusses the challenges and limitations of pedigree interpretation Explains common concepts and includes helpful genomic resources Incorporates genomic risk assessment into patient evaluation
Author :Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309133343 Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
Book Synopsis Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment by : David Brusick
Download or read book Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment written by David Brusick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-01-11 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic disease contributes to a major portion of our health care costs. While most of the human genetic burden is transmitted from generation to generation, environmental chemicals capable of reacting with germ cell DNA could produce new mutations, resulting in an even greater genetic liability for the next generation. The potential impact of environmental mutagens on the health and viability of other living things is important to consider as well. Methods for Genetic Risk Assessment features contributions from international experts to provide a comprehensive review of the current status of genetic risk assessment. You'll learn about various methods and strategies for when and how to conduct genetic risk assessments on human populations. You will also learn about the potential effects of environmental genotoxins on nonhuman organisms. Topics considered include:
Book Synopsis Calculated Risks by : Gerd Gigerenzer
Download or read book Calculated Risks written by Gerd Gigerenzer and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the twentieth century, H. G. Wells predicted that statistical thinking would be as necessary for citizenship in a technological world as the ability to read and write. But in the twenty-first century, we are often overwhelmed by a baffling array of percentages and probabilities as we try to navigate in a world dominated by statistics. Cognitive scientist Gerd Gigerenzer says that because we haven't learned statistical thinking, we don't understand risk and uncertainty. In order to assess risk -- everything from the risk of an automobile accident to the certainty or uncertainty of some common medical screening tests -- we need a basic understanding of statistics. Astonishingly, doctors and lawyers don't understand risk any better than anyone else. Gigerenzer reports a study in which doctors were told the results of breast cancer screenings and then were asked to explain the risks of contracting breast cancer to a woman who received a positive result from a screening. The actual risk was small because the test gives many false positives. But nearly every physician in the study overstated the risk. Yet many people will have to make important health decisions based on such information and the interpretation of that information by their doctors. Gigerenzer explains that a major obstacle to our understanding of numbers is that we live with an illusion of certainty. Many of us believe that HIV tests, DNA fingerprinting, and the growing number of genetic tests are absolutely certain. But even DNA evidence can produce spurious matches. We cling to our illusion of certainty because the medical industry, insurance companies, investment advisers, and election campaigns have become purveyors of certainty, marketing it like a commodity. To avoid confusion, says Gigerenzer, we should rely on more understandable representations of risk, such as absolute risks. For example, it is said that a mammography screening reduces the risk of breast cancer by 25 percent. But in absolute risks, that means that out of every 1,000 women who do not participate in screening, 4 will die; while out of 1,000 women who do, 3 will die. A 25 percent risk reduction sounds much more significant than a benefit that 1 out of 1,000 women will reap. This eye-opening book explains how we can overcome our ignorance of numbers and better understand the risks we may be taking with our money, our health, and our lives.
Book Synopsis High Risk Pregnancy by : David K. James
Download or read book High Risk Pregnancy written by David K. James and published by . This book was released on 2005-09 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical textbook for clinicians seeking advice on either how to manage a patient or how to perform a procedure within maternal-foetal medicine. This third edition strengthens the evidence base of each chapter with a clear section on evidence supporting different management options.
Download or read book Stroke Genetics written by Hugh S. Markus and published by Oxford Medical Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is a major cause of death and the major cause of adult neurological disability in most of the world. Despite its importance on a population basis, research into the genetics of stroke has lagged behind that of many other disorders. However, the situation is now changing. Anincreasing number of single gene disorders causing stroke are being described, and there is growing evidence that polygenic factors are important in the risk of apparently "sporadic" stroke.Stroke Genetics provides an up-to-date review of the area, suitable for clinicians treating stroke patients, and both clinical and non-clinical researchers in the field of cerebrovascular disease. The full range of monogenic stroke disorders causing cerebrovascular disease, including ischaemicstroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, are covered. For each, clinical features, diagnosis, and genetics are described. Increasing evidence suggest that genetic factors are also important for the much more common multifactorial stroke; this evidence isreviewed along with the results of genetic studies in this area. Optimal and novel strategies for investigating multifactorial stroke, including the use of intermediate phenotypes such as intima-media thickness and MRI detected small vessel disease are reviewed. The book concludes by describing apractical approach to investigating patients with stroke for underlying genetic disorders. Also included is a list of useful websites.
Book Synopsis Correlations in Genetic Risk Scores Produced by Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Companies by : Brian D. Reys
Download or read book Correlations in Genetic Risk Scores Produced by Direct-to-consumer Genetic Testing Companies written by Brian D. Reys and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies provide consumers' genetic risk scores for common diseases based on genotype. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-associated risk estimates published by genome wide association studies are the most common source of genotype-driven risk information for common diseases. However, the risk estimate of any given SNP varies depending on the source population and study design of the original publication. An important factor in establishing clinical validity for genetic testing of common disease is the consistency in genetic risk scoring between direct-to-consumer companies. Such an association however, has not been well described. While small-scale studies looking at individual sample results between direct-to-consumer companies have been performed, to our knowledge, no large-scale studies aiming to measure the consistency in risk scoring have been reported. Methods. A genotyped cohort of 834 individuals was used to calculate the equivalent genetic risk score that would be produced by the direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies 23andMe and DeCODE Genetics for two diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These scores were compared to comprehensive academic SNP panels to look at the consistency between the risk scoring of different companies and academic literature. Results. Our results showed that although the genetic risk scores calculated based on different SNP risk panels (23andMe, DeCODE Genetics and academic) were significantly correlated, (r2 = 0.46-0.66 for T2D and r2 = 0.30-0.70 for AMD), the levels of correlation were far from appropriate to establish the clinical utility of these SNP-based genetic scores. In addition, the ranges of the estimated genetic scores varied substantially among these three different SNP risk panels with a greater number of SNPs utilized roughly correlating with increased range in risk score. Conclusion. Significant differences in the number of SNPs used to calculate risk score as well as selection of SNP risk estimates are the primary causes of inconsistency in risk scoring between direct-to-consumer companies. To improve consistency direct to consumer genetic testing companies need to incorporate into their calculations more recently published SNP associations, use consistent SNP effect sizes and use similar numbers of SNPs.
Book Synopsis A Guide to Genetic Counseling by : Wendy R. Uhlmann
Download or read book A Guide to Genetic Counseling written by Wendy R. Uhlmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book devoted exclusively to the principles and practice of genetic counseling—now in a new edition First published in 1998, A Guide to Genetic Counseling quickly became a bestselling and widely recognized text, used nationally and internationally in genetic counseling training programs. Now in its eagerly anticipated Second Edition, it provides a thoroughly revised and comprehensive overview of genetic counseling, focusing on the components, theoretical framework, and unique approach to patient care that are the basis of this profession. The book defines the core competencies and covers the genetic counseling process from case initiation to completion—in addition to addressing global professional issues—with an emphasis on describing fundamental principles and practices. Chapters are written by leaders in the field of genetic counseling and are organized to facilitate academic instruction and skill attainment. They provide the most up-to-date coverage of: The history and practice of genetic counseling Family history Interviewing Case preparation and management Psychosocial counseling Patient education Risk communication and decision-making Medical genetics evaluation Understanding genetic testing Medical documentation Multicultural counseling Ethical and legal issues Student supervision Genetic counseling research Professional development Genetics education and outreach Evolving roles and expanding opportunities Case examples A Guide to Genetic Counseling, Second Edition belongs on the syllabi of all medical and human genetics and genetic counseling training programs. It is an indispensable reference for both students and healthcare professionals working with patients who have or are at risk for genetic conditions.
