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The Cadherin Superfamily
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Book Synopsis The Cadherin Superfamily by : Shintaro T. Suzuki
Download or read book The Cadherin Superfamily written by Shintaro T. Suzuki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of the entire field of cadherin research and provides the current basic concept of cadherins. Cadherins have been widely accepted as key regulators of animal development and physiological functions, and it also has become clear that they play essential roles in various human diseases. With contributions by leading scientists, the book covers various aspects of the cadherin superfamily including the history of cadherin research, basic properties of classical cadherins as well as non-classical cadherins, cadherin-associated proteins, and the roles of cadherins in health and diseases. In addition, the book presents some contradictory results and important unanswered questions, and the authors propose their working hypotheses or future directions, to inspire future studies. This volume enables graduate students and young researchers to learn the basics and gain a comprehensive image of the cadherin superfamily, and experts in the field will easily find various topics of interest in relevant areas of study. Additionally, a list of cadherin-related diseases is included for quick reference to cadherins in human diseases.
Book Synopsis Adhesion and Mechanics in the Cadherin Superfamily of Proteins by : Brandon Lowell Neel
Download or read book Adhesion and Mechanics in the Cadherin Superfamily of Proteins written by Brandon Lowell Neel and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development and functionality of multicellular organisms relies on precise and strong adhesion between cells. Members of the cadherin superfamily of proteins are involved in calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion in animals and have been shown to play vital roles in various relevant biological processes. The cadherin superfamily can be largely classified into three subfamilies: the classical cadherins, the non-clustered protocadherins, and the clustered protocadherins. The typical cadherin protein consists of a single-pass transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic domain, and multiple non-identical extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats. These ECs are defined by their Greek-key fold and an EC linker region with highly conserved calcium-binding sites. The binding of calcium helps to provide the rigidity necessary for proper protein-protein interaction. Within this work I focus on cadherins responsible for mechanotransduction, both from the classical and non-clustered subfamilies. Adherens junctions are formed by classical members of the cadherin superfamily and provide strong adhesion between cells. Past experiments have determined that interactions between individual cadherins are weak and therefore the strength provided by epithelial cadherin (CDH1), the major cadherin of adherens junctions, must come about through the formation of cadherin complexes. These cadherin complexes are composed of multiple CDH1 molecules binding through trans- (ectodomains originating from adjacent cells) and cis-interactions (ectodomains originating from the same cell) as seen in x-ray crystal structures and cryo-electron tomography images. While most experiments have focused on single homodimers, the mechanical unbinding events of cadherin junctional complexes and their effect on the membrane and associated cytoplasmic proteins remains unexplored. My work on CDH1 junctional complexes and their associated proteins utilizes large-scale all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to probe the adherens junction’s response to mechanical force at the molecular level. In collaboration with other group members, we found that ectodomain dimers of classical members of the cadherin superfamily have a distinct two-phased elastic response to force that might facilitate enhanced flexibility to preserve cellular adhesion during mild mechanical stress. Conversely, we found that clustered protocadherins, responsible for neuronal self-recognition, form brittle ectodomain dimers that are capable of forming numerous transient intermediates with implications for binding specificity. When these cadherin ectodomain systems were simulated as junctional complexes, we found that the classical cadherins can act as molecular shock absorbers with complex mechanical responses influenced by cis contacts and that the clustered protocadherin-mediated junction remains brittle. Finally, simulations of a minimal adherens junction, which includes the CDH1 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and associated binding partners, show that force originating from an external source on CDH1 has implications on the predicted order of junctional disassembly upon strenuous mechanical stress. In parallel, I worked with a non-clustered protocadherin essential for hearing. Within the inner ear of vertebrates, hair-cells mediate sound, balance, and acceleration perception through the mechanotransduction of force by tip-link filaments. These tip links are composed of cadherin-23 and protocadherin-15 (PCDH15), two atypical non-clustered protocadherins that form a calcium-dependent heterotetramer. The structure of these cadherins and the mechanism behind their mechanotransduction leaves much to be explored. To better discern the first steps behind inner-ear mechanotransduction multiple crystal structures of PCDH15 were solved, the entire ectodomain of PCDH15 was modeled, and all-atom MD simulations were performed that helped to inform our view of PCDH15’s multimodal elastic response. Overall, our studies provided insight into the mechanics of the classical, clustered, and non-clustered cadherins. This work details the mechanical response of single cadherin dimers, multi-protein cadherin-mediated junctions, a minimal cadherin junction with internal and external components, and a mechanotransducing cadherin complex. Our simulations contribute to the atomistic description of these complexes and provides insights into the function of cadherin-mediated junctions and links with testable predictions concerning their elastic and mechanical properties.
Book Synopsis Structural and Biophysical Studies of Cadherin Superfamily Proteins by : Kilpatrick Carroll
Download or read book Structural and Biophysical Studies of Cadherin Superfamily Proteins written by Kilpatrick Carroll and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cells: Molecules and Mechanisms by : Eric Wong
Download or read book Cells: Molecules and Mechanisms written by Eric Wong and published by Axolotl Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Yet another cell and molecular biology book? At the very least, you would think that if I was going to write a textbook, I should write one in an area that really needs one instead of a subject that already has multiple excellent and definitive books. So, why write this book, then? First, it's a course that I have enjoyed teaching for many years, so I am very familiar with what a student really needs to take away from this class within the time constraints of a semester. Second, because it is a course that many students take, there is a greater opportunity to make an impact on more students' pocketbooks than if I were to start off writing a book for a highly specialized upper- level course. And finally, it was fun to research and write, and can be revised easily for inclusion as part of our next textbook, High School Biology."--Open Textbook Library.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Expression of Cadherin Superfamily Genes During Ferret Brain Development by : Krishna-K
Download or read book Expression of Cadherin Superfamily Genes During Ferret Brain Development written by Krishna-K and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Adhesion written by Jürgen Behrens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-10 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the main topics of current cell adhesion research including structural analyses of cell adhesion molecules and studies to their functional role in vitro and in vivo. The present volume focuses on the four major families of cell-adhesion receptors, i.e. the cadherins, the integrins, the Ig-superfamily and the selectin-based adhesion system which are discussed in detail by numerous experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Characterisation of Cdh17 by : Anassuya Ramachandran
Download or read book Characterisation of Cdh17 written by Anassuya Ramachandran and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Cancer by : Manfred Schwab
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Cancer written by Manfred Schwab and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-23 with total page 3307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive encyclopedic reference provides rapid access to focused information on topics of cancer research for clinicians, research scientists and advanced students. Given the overwhelming success of the first edition, which appeared in 2001, and fast development in the different fields of cancer research, it has been decided to publish a second fully revised and expanded edition. With an A-Z format of over 7,000 entries, more than 1,000 contributing authors provide a complete reference to cancer. The merging of different basic and clinical scientific disciplines towards the common goal of fighting cancer makes such a comprehensive reference source all the more timely.
Book Synopsis Innovative Medicine by : Kazuwa Nakao
Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.
Book Synopsis Atlas of the Prenatal Mouse Brain by : Uta B. Schambra
Download or read book Atlas of the Prenatal Mouse Brain written by Uta B. Schambra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlas of the Prenatal Mouse Brain is the latest addition to Academic Press' list of atlases for neuroscientists and neuroscience students. It fills an urgent need for a comprehensive atlas of the developing mouse brain for use in studies of both normal and abnormal development. High-quality photomicrographs of brain sections are depicted in sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes for four gestational age groups. Each photomicrograph is accompanied by a fully labeled, precision-drawn diagram for easy identification of brain structures. Researchers and students using normal, transgenic, or mutant mouse preparations in developmental neurobiology, neurotoxicology, and biotechnology will welcome this meticulously assembled and accessible guide. Presents 153 photomicrographs of serial brain sections Represents four gestational ages (GD 12 and 14 embryos; GD 16 and 18 fetuses), each depicted in sigittal, coronal, and horizontal planes Includes fully labeled diagrams identifying brain structures for each photomicrograph Provides complete alphabetical lists of brain structures and abbreviations Presents a full description of tissue preparation method Large format, 8-1/2 x 11" pages in a sturdy hardcover case
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules by : Sangdun Choi
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.
Book Synopsis Towards Understanding the Cell Adhesion Mediated by Non-clustered Non-classical Protocadherins by : Michelle Elizabeth Gray
Download or read book Towards Understanding the Cell Adhesion Mediated by Non-clustered Non-classical Protocadherins written by Michelle Elizabeth Gray and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell adhesion is an incredibly important process for multicellular life and is essential for development and maintenance of tissues, immunological response, cancer suppression and mechanosensation. The cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent cell-adhesion proteins is a large group of diverse glycoproteins which play roles in the processes listed above. The superfamily can be broken down in roughly three subfamilies: classical cadherins, clustered protocadherins, and non-clustered protocadherins. Of those subfamilies, the cadherins in the non-clustered protocadherins have the most diverse range of adhesive functions. To mediate adhesion, cadherins make use of their extracellular domain, which is composed of tandem extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats. Within the repeat sequence, conserved motifs are present encoding for residues which bind three calcium ions at the linker region between repeats, thus imparting rigidity to the extracellular domain. Calcium binding is essential for adhesive function to occur. Here, I focus on several unique non-clustered protocadherins which use their ectodomains to help support the development and tissue morphogenesis of various systems.
Book Synopsis Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine by : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Book Synopsis The Molecular Biology of Cadherins by :
Download or read book The Molecular Biology of Cadherins written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on the most recent research surrounding Cadherins from top experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Biochemical and Biophysical Roles of Cell Surface Molecules by : Kausik Chattopadhyay
Download or read book Biochemical and Biophysical Roles of Cell Surface Molecules written by Kausik Chattopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell surface small molecules and macromolecules, such as members of cholesterol family (including steroid hormones), the glycolipid family (sphingolipids), the glycoprotein family (both N-linked and O-linked), and a vast array of other receptors have been shown to be involved in normal and abnormal cellular processes. The 11th International Symposium on Cell Surface Macromolecules, held in Mohali, India, in February 2017 provided a comprehensive update on the major advances in this area. Presenting selected contributions from this meeting, this book comprises 24 chapters, which provide in-depth analyses of data on the role of cell surface macromolecules in cellular function and their alterations associated with pathological conditions. It includes comprehensive research papers and critical overviews of the functional role of cell surface molecules, discussing topics such as biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological approaches to study cell membrane molecules, and metabolism of glycoconjugates.
Book Synopsis Cadherin Evolution and the Origin of Animals by : Monika Abedin
Download or read book Cadherin Evolution and the Origin of Animals written by Monika Abedin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how animals evolved from a unicellular ancestor has challenged evolutionary biologists for decades. Because cell adhesion and signaling are required for multicellularity, understanding how these cellular processes evolved will provide key insights into the origin of animals. A critical finding is that choanoflagellates, the closest living unicellular relatives of animals, express members of the cadherin superfamily. Cadherins are pivotal for animal cell adhesion and signaling and were previously thought to be unique to animals, making them crucial to understanding the evolutionary origin and transition to multicellularity. Importantly, the presence of cadherins in choanoflagellates allows a consideration of their ancestral function in the unicellular progenitor of animals. To gain insight into the ancestral structure and function of cadherins, I reconstructed the domain content of cadherins from the last common ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans. Conservation of diverse protein domains in the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and metazoan cadherins suggests that ancestral cadherins served both signaling and adhesive functions. I find that two M. brevicollis cadherin containing an ancestral domain combination MBCDH1 and a close paralog, MBCDH2, localize to the actin-filled microvilli of the feeding collar. Interestingly, the protein abundance of these cadherins changes in response to bacterial food availability. In vitro studies, as well as experiments performed in a heterologous cell culture system, suggest that MBCDH1 does not mediate homophilic adhesion in the context of these experiments like some metazoan cadherins and thus may play a role in cell signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that cadherins may mediate interactions with the extracellular environment, including the recognition and capture of bacterial prey. I hypothesize that metazoan cadherins were co-opted to mediate cell-cell interactions from ancestral proteins that interpreted and responded to extracellular cues.
